Behavior-based navigation of mobile robot in unknown environments using fuzzy logic and multi-objective optimization

© 2017 SERSC. This study proposes behavior-based navigation architecture, named BBFM, to deal with the problem of navigating the mobile robot in unknown environments in the presence of obstacles and local minimum regions. In the architecture, the complex navigation task is split into principal sub-tasks or behaviors. Each behavior is implemented by a fuzzy controller and executed independently to deal with a specific problem of navigation. The fuzzy controller is modified to contain only the fuzzification and inference procedures so that its output is a membership function representing the behavior's objective. The membership functions of all controllers are then used as the objective functions for a multi-objective optimization process to coordinate all behaviors. The result of this process is an overall control signal, which is Pareto-optimal, used to control the robot. A number of simulations, comparisons, and experiments were conducted. The results show that the proposed architecture outperforms some popular behaviorbased architectures in term of accuracy, smoothness, traveled distance, and time response

A Robust Mobile Robot Navigation System using Neuro-Fuzzy Kalman Filtering and Optimal Fusion of Behavior-based Fuzzy Controllers

This study proposes a control system model for mobile robots navigating in unknown environments. The proposed model includes a neuro-fuzzy Extended Kalman Filter for localization task and a behaviorbased fuzzy multi-controller navigation module. The neuro-fuzzy EKF, used for estimating the robot’s position from sensor readings, is an enhanced EKF whose noise covariance matrix is progressively adjusted by a fuzzy neural network. The navigation module features a series of independently-executed fuzzy controllers, each deals with a specific navigation sub-task, or behavior, and a multi-objective optimizer to coordinate all behaviors. The membership functions of all fuzzy controllers play the roles of objective functions for the optimizer, which produces an overall Pareto-optimal control signal to drive the robot. A number of simulations and real-world experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of this model

Multi-behaviors coordination controller design with enzymatic numerical P systems for robots

Membrane computing models are parallel and distributed natural computing models. These models are often referred to as P systems. This paper proposes a novel multi-behaviors coordination controller model using enzymatic numerical P systems for autonomous mobile robots navigation in unknown environments. An environment classifier is constructed to identify different environment patterns in the maze-like environment and the multi-behavior coordination controller is constructed to coordinate the behaviors of the robots in different environments. Eleven sensory prototypes of local environments are presented to design the environment classifier, which needs to memorize only rough information , for solving the problems of poor obstacle clearance and sensor noise. A switching control strategy and multi-behaviors coordinator are developed without detailed environmental knowledge and heavy computation burden, for avoiding the local minimum traps or oscillation problems and adapt to the unknown environments. Also, a serial behaviors control law is constructed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory aiming at the specialized environment, for realizing stable navigation and avoiding actuator saturation. Moreover, both environment classifier and multi-behavior coordination controller are amenable to the addition of new environment models or new behaviors due to the modularity of the hierarchical architecture of P systems. The simulation of wheeled mobile robots shows the effectiveness of this approach

Controle de Robos Moveis por Fusao de Sinais de Controle Usando Filtro de Informacao Descentralizado

Esta Tese de Doutorado propõe uma abordagem alternativa para lidar com o problema da navegação de robôs móveis. Esta nova abordagem foi denominada fusão de sinais de controle. A técnica proposta apresentou bons resultados ao ser utilizada para controlar um robô na execução de tarefas relativamente complexas, como é demonstrado nos experimentos apresentados. A técnica é desenvolvida com base no Filtro de Informação Descentralizado, que é derivado aqui a partir das equações do Filtro de Kalman Descentralizado e do Filtro de Informação. Controladores de movimento disponíveis na literatura, e outros introduzidos aqui pela primeira vez, são utilizados para gerar sinais de controle. Estes sinais são fusionados utilizando um Filtro de Informação Descentralizado para produzir o sinal de saída o qual é enviado aos atuadores do robô. Também é realizada uma análise de estabilidade da arquitetura de controle proposta

Adaptive sampling in autonomous marine sensor networks

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2006In this thesis, an innovative architecture for real-time adaptive and cooperative control of autonomous sensor platforms in a marine sensor network is described in the context of the autonomous oceanographic network scenario. This architecture has three major components, an intelligent, logical sensor that provides high-level environmental state information to a behavior-based autonomous vehicle control system, a new approach to behavior-based control of autonomous vehicles using multiple objective functions that allows reactive control in complex environments with multiple constraints, and an approach to cooperative robotics that is a hybrid between the swarm cooperation and intentional cooperation approaches. The mobility of the sensor platforms is a key advantage of this strategy, allowing dynamic optimization of the sensor locations with respect to the classification or localization of a process of interest including processes which can be time varying, not spatially isotropic and for which action is required in real-time. Experimental results are presented for a 2-D target tracking application in which fully autonomous surface craft using simulated bearing sensors acquire and track a moving target in open water. In the first example, a single sensor vehicle adaptively tracks a target while simultaneously relaying the estimated track to a second vehicle acting as a classification platform. In the second example, two spatially distributed sensor vehicles adaptively track a moving target by fusing their sensor information to form a single target track estimate. In both cases the goal is to adapt the platform motion to minimize the uncertainty of the target track parameter estimates. The link between the sensor platform motion and the target track estimate uncertainty is fully derived and this information is used to develop the behaviors for the sensor platform control system. The experimental results clearly illustrate the significant processing gain that spatially distributed sensors can achieve over a single sensor when observing a dynamic phenomenon as well as the viability of behavior-based control for dealing with uncertainty in complex situations in marine sensor networks.Supported by the Office of Naval Research, with a 3-year National Defense Science and Engineering Grant Fellowship and research assistantships through the Generic Ocean Array Technology Sonar (GOATS) project, contract N00014-97-1-0202 and contract N00014-05-G-0106 Delivery Order 008, PLUSNET: Persistent Littoral Undersea Surveillance Network

A general architecture for robotic swarms

Swarms are large groups of simplistic individuals that collectively solve disproportionately complex tasks. Individual swarm agents are limited in perception, mechanically simple, have no global knowledge and are cheap, disposable and fallible. They rely exclusively on local observations and local communications. A swarm has no centralised control. These features are typifed by eusocial insects such as ants and termites, who construct nests, forage and build complex societies comprised of primitive agents. This project created the basis of a general swarm architecture for the control of insect-like robots. The Swarm Architecture is inspired by threshold models of insect behaviour and attempts to capture the salient features of the hive in a closely defined computer program that is hardware agnostic, swarm size indifferent and intended to be applicable to a wide range of swarm tasks. This was achieved by exploiting the inherent limitations of swarm agents. Individual insects were modelled as a machine capable only of perception, locomotion and manipulation. This approximation reduced behaviour primitives to a fixed tractable number and abstracted sensor interpretation. Cooperation was achieved through stigmergy and decisions made via a behaviour threshold model. The Architecture represents an advance on previous robotic swarms in its generality - swarm control software has often been tied to one task and robot configuration. The Architecture's exclusive focus on swarms, sets it apart from existing general cooperative systems, which are not usually explicitly swarm orientated. The Architecture was implemented successfully on both simulated and real-world swarms

Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions

Welcome to ROBOTICA 2009. This is the 9th edition of the conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions, the third time with IEEE‐Robotics and Automation Society Technical Co‐Sponsorship. Previous editions were held since 2001 in Guimarães, Aveiro, Porto, Lisboa, Coimbra and Algarve. ROBOTICA 2009 is held on the 7th May, 2009, in Castelo Branco , Portugal. ROBOTICA has received 32 paper submissions, from 10 countries, in South America, Asia and Europe. To evaluate each submission, three reviews by paper were performed by the international program committee. 23 papers were published in the proceedings and presented at the conference. Of these, 14 papers were selected for oral presentation and 9 papers were selected for poster presentation. The global acceptance ratio was 72%. After the conference, eighth papers will be published in the Portuguese journal Robótica, and the best student paper will be published in IEEE Multidisciplinary Engineering Education Magazine. Three prizes will be awarded in the conference for: the best conference paper, the best student paper and the best presentation. The last two, sponsored by the IEEE Education Society ‐ Student Activities Committee. We would like to express our thanks to all participants. First of all to the authors, whose quality work is the essence of this conference. Next, to all the members of the international program committee and reviewers, who helped us with their expertise and valuable time. We would also like to deeply thank the invited speaker, Jean Paul Laumond, LAAS‐CNRS France, for their excellent contribution in the field of humanoid robots. Finally, a word of appreciation for the hard work of the secretariat and volunteers. Our deep gratitude goes to the Scientific Organisations that kindly agreed to sponsor the Conference, and made it come true. We look forward to seeing more results of R&D work on Robotics at ROBOTICA 2010, somewhere in Portugal

Conception d’un mécanisme intégré d’attention sélective dans une architecture comportementale pour robots autonomes

Le vieillissement de la population à travers le monde nous amène à considérer sérieusement l'intégration dans notre quotidien de robots de service afin d'alléger les besoins pour la prestation de soins. Or, il n'existe pas présentement de robots de service suffisamment avancés pour être utiles en tant que véritables assistants à des personnes en perte d'autonomie. Un des problèmes freinant le développement de tels robots en est un d'intégration logicielle. En effet, il est difficile d'intégrer les multiples capacités de perception et d'action nécessaires à interagir de manière naturelle et adéquate avec une personne en milieu réel, les limites des ressources de calculs disponibles sur une plateforme robotique étant rapidement atteintes. Même si le cerveau humain a des capacités supérieures à un ordinateur, lui aussi a des limites sur ses capacités de traitement de l'information. Pour faire face à ces limites, l'humain gère ses capacités cognitives avec l'aide de l'attention sélective. L'attention sélective lui permet par exemple d'ignorer certains stimuli pour concentrer ses ressources sur ceux utiles à sa tâche. Puisque les robots pourraient grandement bénéficier d'un tel mécanisme, l'objectif de la thèse est de développer une architecture de contrôle intégrant un mécanisme d'attention sélective afin de diminuer la charge de calcul demandée par les différents modules de traitement du robot. L'architecture de contrôle utilisé est basée sur l'approche comportementale, et porte le nom HBBA, pour Hybrid Behavior-Based Architecture. Pour répondre à cet objectif, le robot humanoïde nommé IRL-1 a été conçu pour permettre l'intégration de multiples capacités de perception et d'action sur une seule et même plateforme, afin de s'en servir comme plateforme expérimentale pouvant bénéficier de mécanismes d'attention sélective. Les capacités implémentées permettent d'interagir avec IRL-1 selon différentes modalités. IRL-1 peut être guidé physiquement en percevant les forces externes par le bias d'actionneurs élastiques utilisés dans la direction de sa plateforme omnidirectionnelle. La vision, le mouvement et l'audition ont été intégrés dans une interface de téléprésence augmentée. De plus, l'influence des délais de réaction à des sons dans l'environnement a pu être examinée. Cette implémentation a permis de valider l'usage de HBBA comme base de travail pour la prise de décision du robot, ainsi que d'explorer les limites en termes de capacités de traitement des modules sur le robot. Ensuite, un mécanisme d'attention sélective a été développé au sein de HBBA. Le mécanisme en question intègre l'activation de modules de traitement avec le filtrage perceptuel, soit la capacité de moduler la quantité de stimuli utilisés par les modules de traitement afin d'adapter le traitement aux ressources de calculs disponibles. Les résultats obtenus démontrent les bénéfices qu'apportent un tel mécanisme afin de permettre au robot d'optimiser l'usage de ses ressources de calculs afin de satisfaire ses buts. De ces travaux résulte une base sur laquelle il est maintenant possible de poursuivre l'intégration de capacités encore plus avancées et ainsi progresser efficacement vers la conception de robots domestiques pouvant nous assister dans notre quotidien