447 research outputs found
Post-disaster 4G/5G Network Rehabilitation using Drones: Solving Battery and Backhaul Issues
Drone-based communications is a novel and attractive area of research in
cellular networks. It provides several degrees of freedom in time (available on
demand), space (mobile) and it can be used for multiple purposes (self-healing,
offloading, coverage extension or disaster recovery). This is why the wide
deployment of drone-based communications has the potential to be integrated in
the 5G standard. In this paper, we utilize a grid of drones to provide cellular
coverage to disaster-struck regions where the terrestrial infrastructure is
totally damaged due to earthquake, flood, etc. We propose solutions for the
most challenging issues facing drone networks which are limited battery energy
and limited backhauling. Our proposed solution based mainly on using three
types of drones; tethered backhaul drone (provides high capacity backhauling),
untethered powering drone (provides on the fly battery charging) and untethered
communication drone (provides cellular connectivity). Hence, an optimization
problem is formulated to minimize the energy consumption of drones in addition
to determining the placement of these drones and guaranteeing a minimum rate
for the users. The simulation results show that we can provide unlimited
cellular service to the disaster-affected region under certain conditions with
a guaranteed minimum rate for each user.Comment: 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference: Workshops: 9th
International Workshop on Wireless Networking and Control for Unmanned
Autonomous Vehicle
Energy Efficient UAV-Assisted Emergency Communication with Reliable Connectivity and Collision Avoidance
Emergency communication is vital for search and rescue operations following
natural disasters. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can significantly assist
emergency communication by agile positioning, maintaining connectivity during
rapid motion, and relaying critical disaster-related information to Ground
Control Stations (GCS). Designing effective routing protocols for relaying
crucial data in UAV networks is challenging due to dynamic topology, rapid
mobility, and limited UAV resources. This paper presents a novel
energy-constrained routing mechanism that ensures connectivity, inter-UAV
collision avoidance, and network restoration post-UAV fragmentation while
adapting without a predefined UAV path. The proposed method employs improved Q
learning to optimize the next-hop node selection. Considering these factors,
the paper proposes a novel, Improved Q-learning-based Multi-hop Routing (IQMR)
protocol. Simulation results validate IQMRs adaptability to changing system
conditions and superiority over QMR, QTAR, and QFANET in energy efficiency and
data throughput. IQMR achieves energy consumption efficiency improvements of
32.27%, 36.35%, and 36.35% over QMR, Q-FANET, and QTAR, along with
significantly higher data throughput enhancements of 53.3%, 80.35%, and 93.36%
over Q-FANET, QMR, and QTAR.Comment: 13 page
A review of cyber threats and defence approaches in emergency management
Emergency planners, first responders and relief workers increasingly rely on computational and communication systems that support all aspects of emergency management, from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery. Failure of these systems, whether accidental or because of malicious action, can have severe implications for emergency management. Accidental failures have been extensively documented in the past and significant effort has been put into the development and introduction of more resilient technologies. At the same time researchers have been raising concerns about the potential of cyber attacks to cause physical disasters or to maximise the impact of one by intentionally impeding the work of the emergency services. Here, we provide a review of current research on the cyber threats to communication, sensing, information management and vehicular technologies used in emergency management. We emphasise on open issues for research, which are the cyber threats that have the potential to affect emergency management severely and for which solutions have not yet been proposed in the literature
Communication and Control in Collaborative UAVs: Recent Advances and Future Trends
The recent progress in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) technology has
significantly advanced UAV-based applications for military, civil, and
commercial domains. Nevertheless, the challenges of establishing high-speed
communication links, flexible control strategies, and developing efficient
collaborative decision-making algorithms for a swarm of UAVs limit their
autonomy, robustness, and reliability. Thus, a growing focus has been witnessed
on collaborative communication to allow a swarm of UAVs to coordinate and
communicate autonomously for the cooperative completion of tasks in a short
time with improved efficiency and reliability. This work presents a
comprehensive review of collaborative communication in a multi-UAV system. We
thoroughly discuss the characteristics of intelligent UAVs and their
communication and control requirements for autonomous collaboration and
coordination. Moreover, we review various UAV collaboration tasks, summarize
the applications of UAV swarm networks for dense urban environments and present
the use case scenarios to highlight the current developments of UAV-based
applications in various domains. Finally, we identify several exciting future
research direction that needs attention for advancing the research in
collaborative UAVs
Architecture design for disaster resilient management network using D2D technology
Huge damages from natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, landslide, tsunamis, have been reported in recent years, claiming many lives, rendering millions homeless and causing huge financial losses worldwide. The lack of effective communication between the public rescue/safety agencies, rescue teams, first responders and trapped survivors/victims makes the situation even worse. Factors like dysfunctional communication networks, limited communications capacity, limited resources/services, data transformation and effective evaluation, energy, and power deficiency cause unnecessary hindrance in rescue and recovery services during a disaster. The new wireless communication technologies are needed to enhance life-saving capabilities and rescue services. In general, in order to improve societal resilience towards natural catastrophes and develop effective communication infrastructure, innovative approaches need to be initiated to provide improved quality, better connectivity in the events of natural and human disasters.
In this thesis, a disaster resilient network architecture is proposed and analysed using multi-hop communications, clustering, energy harvesting, throughput optimization, reliability enhancement, adaptive selection, and low latency communications. It also examines the importance of mode selection, power management, frequency and time resource allocation to realize the promises of Long-term Evolution (LTE) Device to Device (D2D) communication. In particular, to support resilient and energy efficient communication in disaster-affected areas.
This research is examined by thorough and vigorous simulations and validated through mathematical modelling. Overall, the impact of this research is twofold: i) it provides new technologies for effective inter- and intra-agency coordination system during a disaster event by establishing a stronger and resilient communication; and ii) It offers a potential solution for stakeholders such as governments, rescue teams, and general public with new informed information on how to establish effective policies to cope with challenges before, during and after the disaster events
Aerial Base Station Deployment for Post-Disaster Public Safety Applications
Earthquakes and floods are constant threats to most of the countries in the world. After such catastrophes, a rapid response is needed, which includes communications not only for first responders but also for local civilians. Even though there are technologies and specialized personnel for rapid deployment, it is common that external factors will hinder the arrival of help while communication requirements are urgently required. Such communication technologies would aid tasks regarding organization and information dissemination from authorities to the civilians and vice-versa. This necessity is due to protocols and applications to allocate the number of emergency resources per location and to locate missing people.
In this thesis, we investigate the deployment problem of Mobile Aerial Base Stations (MABS). Our main objective is to ensure periodic wireless communication for geographically spread User Equipment (UE) based on LTE technology.
First, we establish a precedent of emergency situations where MABS would be useful. We also provide an introduction to the study and work conducted in this thesis.
Second, we provide a literature review of existing solutions was made to determine the advantages and disadvantages of certain technologies regarding the described necessity.
Third, we determine how MABS, such as gliders or light tactical balloons that are assumed to be moving at an average speed of 50 km/h, will be deployed. These MABS would visit different cluster centroids determined by an Affinity Propagation Clustering algorithm. Additionally, a combination of graph theory and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is implemented through mutators and fitness functions to obtain best flyable paths through an evolution pool of 100.
Additionally, Poisson, Normal, and Uniform distributions are utilized to determine the amount of Base Stations and UEs. Then, for every distribution combination, a set of simulations is conducted to obtain the best flyable paths. Serviced UE performance indicators of algorithm efficiency are analyzed to determine whether the applied algorithm is effective in providing a solution to the presented problem.
Finally, in Chapter 5, we conclude our work by supporting that the proposed model would suffice the needs of mobile users given the proposed emergency scenario.
Adviser: Yi Qia
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