KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR MATEMATIS MELALUI PENDEKATAN OPEN-ENDED

Penelitian ini pada dasarnya merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Uraian ini menyajikan tentang kemampuan berpikir matematis melalui pendekatan open-ended. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa dapat berkembang sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa yang berbeda-beda karena pendekatan open-ended ini merupakan model pendekatan yang dimana terdapat lebih dari satu cara penyelesaian dan lebih dari satu jawaban yang benar sehingga siswa tidak terpacu pada satu jawaban saja tapi siswa lebih berkembang pemikirannya untuk terus mencari jawaban sesuai dengan pengetahuannya masing-masing. Kata kunci: Kemampuan berpikir matematis, Pendekatan open-ended

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL ALJABAR BERDASARKAN GENDER

Pada dasarnya penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Uraian ini menyajikan tentang kesalahan konsep, kesalahan algoritma/prosedur dan kesalahan teknis pada siswa berdasarkan gender. Analisis deskriptif ini meliputi presentase dari setiap jenis kesalahan siswa yang berupa: 1) Kesalahan konsep yaitu siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam menentukan teorema untuk menjawab suatu masalah. Serta penggunaan rumus atau teorema tidak sesuai dengan kondisi dan persyaratan untuk menyelesaikan soal matematika. 2) Kesalahan prosedur/algoritma yaitu ketidakhirarkian langkah-langkah dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau ketidakmampuan memanipulasi langkah-langkah tersebut. 3) Kesalahan teknis yaitu siswa mengalami kesalahan dalam menggunakan notasi atau komputasi, serta siswa salah dalam menggunakan dasar operasi aljabar. Hasil penelitian pada siswa perempuan meliputi: 1) Kesalahan konsep sebesar 66% yang tergolong sangat tinggi. 2) Kesalahan algoritma/prosedur sebesar 84% yang tergolong sangat tinggi. Dan 3) Kesalahan teknis sebesar 87% yang tergolong sangat tinggi. Sedangkan hasil penelitian pada siswa laki-laki meliputi: 1) Kesalahan konsep sebesar 76% yang tergolong sangat tinggi. 2) Kesalahan akgoritma/prosedur sebesar 84% yang tergolong sangat tinggi. Dan 3) Kesalahan teknis sebesar 87% yang tergolong sangat tinggi. Kata kunci: Kesalahan Konsep, Kesalahan Algoritma/Prosedur, dan Kesalahan Tekni

RESPONSE OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) VARIETIES TO PHOSPHORUS LEVELS IN SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA

Field trials were conducted during the 2015 rainy season at the Bayero University Kano Teaching and Research Farm (110 58’N, 8025’E and 475m above sea level) and National Institute of Horticulture (NIHORT) Bagauda (lat. 120 08'N, long. 80 32'E, 500m above sea level). The study was conducted to determine the response of cowpea varieties to phosphorus levels in the Sudan savannah of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of four cowpea varieties (UAM-09-1051-1, IT99K-573-2-1, IT99K-573-1-1, and TVX 3236) and phosphorus fertilizer (SSP) (0, 20, and 40kg/ha) which were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The result revealed that application of 40 kg/ha P2O5 statistically recorded the highest grain yield/ha at BUK. No significant phosphorus effect was recorded on grain yield/ha at Bagauda. The findings of the study also revealed that there was significant varietal effect on cowpea growth and yield at both study locations. Higher grain yield was recorded from variety IT99k-573-2-1 (1193.400 kg/ha), followed by variety TVX 3236 (950.900 kg/ha) and IT99k-573-1-1 (776.500 kg/ha) at BUK while no significant effect of variety was recorded at Bagauda. The result of the simple correlation analysis revealed significant negative and positive association between growth and yield parameters. Thus based on this findings, application of 40 kg/ha P2O5 can be recommended for better cowpea growth and yield. Similarly, variety IT99k-573-2-1 can be recommended for both locations

Ohmic Heating as Alternative Preservation Technique - A Review

The quest for new technologies in heating has drawn the attention of researchers to focus on energy saving and efficient techniques in heating food materials. Ohmic heating is one of these technologies because it heats both phases of food (liquid and solid) simultaneously by internal energy generated from electrical power. Using this method, the product undergoes minimum structural damage, retains its nutritional value, and is processed within a shorter time than with conventional heating methods. The technique also gives excellent processed quality products with lower energy cost. The heat energy generated during ohmic heating is transferred directly into the foods. The electrical conductivity of food products is linear with different temperature ranges and varies with heating time, food structure, and its constituents. As such, ohmic heating can be applied in different pre-processing and processing operations like drying, evaporation, dehydration, blanching, fermentation, extraction, sterilization, and pasteurization. This paper highlights ohmic heating as an emerging alternative novel heating technology to meet the demand for industrial and domestic food processing. Recommendations were made for further research to provide a more robust analysis of ohmic heating performance

DESKRIPSI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH OPEN-ENDED PADA SISWA SMKN 1 SULI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis dalam memecahkan masalah Open-ended di SMKN 1 Suli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XII dari 4 jurusan (ADP, TKR, TKJ, dan GBN) yang berjumlah 30 orang, dengan menggunakan metode proporsional sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tes tertulis dalam bentuk soal-soal uraian (essay) sebanyak 2 soal. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data secara dekriptif diperoleh bahwa nilai rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis dalam memecahkan masalah open-ended adalah 4,17 dari skor ideal 16 serta hasil rata-rata persentasenya adalah 25% berada pada kategori tidak kreatif artinya masih banyak siswa yang belum mampu untuk berpikir kreatif matematis dalam memecahkan masalah open-ended. Kata kunci: Kreatif Matematis dan Permasalahan Open-ende

ANALISIS AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT (NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER) DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR SISWA SMAN 1 SULI BARAT

Kenyataan yang banyak dijumpai bahwa setiap anak yang belajar tidak memiliki gaya belajar yang sama. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti mencoba menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT), yang diharapkan dapat menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran dan menyediakan situasi yang tepat agar potensi siswa berkembang, mengingat gaya belajar mereka yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditorial dan kinestetik di SMAN 1 Suli Barat. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XII IPA 2 yang berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Kata kunci: Gaya Belajar Visual, Gaya Belajar Auditorial, Gaya Belajar Kinesteti

A review on activated carbon: process, application and prospects

Activated carbon (AC) is used in different states of applications after its discovery as a strong and reliable adsorbent. An overview on AC is presented together with revisiting the sources of AC generation; methods used to generate AC comprising of pyrolysis activation; physical activation; chemical activation and steam pyrolysis. The important factors affecting the AC production, the possible applications of AC and their future prospects are also discussed. AC is applied in water, wastewater and leachate treatments in many countries, especially to polish the color, remove the odor and some heavy metals. It is cheap and available, and can be produced from agricultural waste materials, e.g. rice husk, palm oil shell and coconut shell. The AC’s fine and porous structure and an extremely large particle surface area (>1000 m2/g) results in making it possessed powerful adsorptive properties. Therefore, the adsorption process using AC is found to be a potentially viable method of removing pollutants from aqueous solutions

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses provide insight into the effect of red and blue LEDs on the quality of sweet potato leaves

Red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) affect the quality of sweet potato leaves and their nutritional profile. Vines cultivated under blue LEDs had higher soluble protein contents, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity. Conversely, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, protein, and vitamin C contents were higher in leaves grown under red LEDs. Red and blue light increased the accumulation of 77 and 18 metabolites, respectively. Alpha-linoleic and linolenic acid metabolism were the most significantly enriched pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. A total of 615 genes were differentially expressed between sweet potato leaves exposed to red and blue LEDs. Among these, 510 differentially expressed genes were upregulated in leaves grown under blue light compared with those grown under red light, while the remaining 105 genes were expressed at higher levels in the latter than in the former. Among the KEGG enrichment pathways, blue light significantly induced anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes. This study provides a scientific reference basis for using light to alter metabolites to improve the quality of edible sweet potato leaves

Operation and Maintenance of Hydraulic Structures

Water is among the most valuable resources that nature has endowed to human beings. Water has cut across all spans of life from cradle to grave. Since time immemorial, man continuously developed methods and techniques to harness the benefits of water and as well to protect himself from the destruction that may be caused by the same water. Therefore, for a hydraulic structure to answer its name, it must be capable of being used smoothly for the purposes it was designed for and also be able to be controlled effectively without the risk of causing any havoc to the environment. Using water, especially for agricultural purposes, cannot be overemphasized. Hence, this chapter discusses the hydraulic structures based on the work they performed, challenges facing hydraulic structures, and management procedures of the hydraulic structures in order to adequately and efficiently serve their purpose

A review of cyber threats and defence approaches in emergency management

Emergency planners, first responders and relief workers increasingly rely on computational and communication systems that support all aspects of emergency management, from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery. Failure of these systems, whether accidental or because of malicious action, can have severe implications for emergency management. Accidental failures have been extensively documented in the past and significant effort has been put into the development and introduction of more resilient technologies. At the same time researchers have been raising concerns about the potential of cyber attacks to cause physical disasters or to maximise the impact of one by intentionally impeding the work of the emergency services. Here, we provide a review of current research on the cyber threats to communication, sensing, information management and vehicular technologies used in emergency management. We emphasise on open issues for research, which are the cyber threats that have the potential to affect emergency management severely and for which solutions have not yet been proposed in the literature