The Challenges of Human-Centred Design in a Public Sector Innovation Context

The world is increasingly faced with complex societal problems such as climate change, an ageing population, radicalising youth and chronic health problems. Public sector organisations have a key role in addressing these issues. It is widely acknowledged that tackling these problems requires new approaches and methods. Design, and in particular human-centred design, offers opportunities to develop these methods. In this paper I argue that a new type of human-centred innovation practice is necessary to adjust traditional user-centred design methods and tools to the public sector innovation context. This context involves different types of stakeholders with conflicting needs and aspirations, and requires a precise articulation of the value of human-centred design. I will propose a possible answer to these challenges through a case study relating to severe mental illness, in which we applied Dorst’s frame creation methodology, in combination with the NADI-model of Needs and Aspirations for Design and Innovation

Introducing Effective Problem Solving Culture in Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria: Methods and Tools

This paper introduces the concept of effective unconventional problem solving culture that is uncommon to the culture practiced in the educational institutions.  The Six Thinking Hats, Devil’s Advocacy and Root Cause Analysis methods and the Fishbone (Cause and Effect) and Pareto Analytical tools other than the conventional research methods and tools used were identified and introduced. The concept of brainstorming in teams as problem solving data collection mechanism was also elaborately discussed and introduced. Hypothetical instances were cited as demonstration of the methods and tools application in problem. This paper attempts to recommend these methods and tools and many more in wide application in the industries to the higher educational communities in Nigeria where most of the methods and tools were originated. This is expedient following the fact that the education at all levels generally and specifically at higher education levels is fast assuming commercial status where accountability, competitiveness, value for money, all outputs and outcomes factors of modern day are drivers of business. Keywords: Problem, Problem-solving, attitude, methods and tool

The Historic Fire Return Interval and the Ecological Effects of Fire Suppression on Montane Longleaf Pine Dominated Ecosystems in Northwestern Georgia.

Longleaf pine ecosystems have experienced pronounced declines across the southeastern United States since Euro-American settlement took place in the late 19th century. These declines were primarily caused by federal fire suppression policies implemented in the 1920’s, in combination with resource harvesting and land use conversion. In an absence of fire, tree species composition of frequently burned xeric ecosystems progressively becomes more mesic and fire-intolerant (i.e. mesophication). The change in the species composition and historic fire frequency of a montane longleaf pine ecosystem located in Sheffield Wildlife Management Area (WMA), Paulding County, Georgia was investigated. The change in forest composition was measured using modern vegetation surveys and historic “witness tree” vegetation data obtained from a georeferenced 1832 Georgia Land Lottery Survey map. The historic fire return interval was estimated using remnant longleaf stumps and dendrochronological techniques. Results from chi-squared tests indicated the modern forest is significantly more mesic and fire-intolerant than the historic forest (p \u3c 0.0001), with no statistically significant difference in species composition between north- and south-facing slopes. A chronology for longleaf pine was constructed using 214 cores from extant longleaf pine and 14 relict stumps found in Sheffield WMA. Using fire scars found in seven of the preserved stumps, the historic mean fire return interval was calculated to be 5.5-years with a median return interval of 3.5-years. It was concluded that mesophication has occurred in Sheffield WMA since Euro-American settlement, and that fires were historically present in the forest but likely of low intensity and fragmented across the landscape

Continuous Risk Management Course

This document includes a course plan for Continuous Risk Management taught by the Software Assurance Technology Center along with the Continuous Risk Management Guidebook of the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University and a description of Continuous Risk Management at NASA

sustainable and resilient building design:

The challenges to which contemporary building design needs to respond grow steadily. They originate from the influence of changing environmental conditions on buildings, as well as from the need to reduce the impact of buildings on the environment. The increasing complexity requires the continual revision of design principles and their harmonisation with current scientific findings, technological development, and environmental, social, and economic factors. It is precisely these issues that form the backbone of the thematic book, Sustainable and Resilient Building Design: Approaches, Methods, and Tools. The purpose of this book is to present ongoing research from the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). The book starts with the exploration of the origin, development, and the state-of-the-art notions of environmental design and resource efficiency. Subsequently, climate change complexity and dynamics are studied, and the design strategy for climate-proof buildings is articulated. The investigation into the resilience of buildings is further deepened by examining a case study of fire protection. The book then investigates interrelations between sustainable and resilient building design, compares their key postulates and objectives, and searches for the possibilities of their integration into an outreaching approach. The fifth article in the book deals with potentials and constraints in relation to the assessment of the sustainability (and resilience) of buildings. It critically analyses different existing building certification models, their development paths, systems, and processes, and compares them with the general objectives of building ratings. The subsequent paper outlines the basis and the meaning of the risk and its management system, and provides an overview of different visual, auxiliary, and statistical risk assessment methods and tools. Following the studies of the meanings of sustainable and resilient buildings, the book focuses on the aspects of building components and materials. Here, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method for quantifying the environmental impact of building products is introduced and analysed in detail, followed by a comprehensive comparative overview of the LCA-based software and databases that enable both individual assessment and the comparison of different design alternatives. The impact of climate and pollution on the resilience of building materials is analysed using the examples of stone, wood, concrete, and ceramic materials. Accordingly, the contribution of traditional and alternative building materials to the reduction of negative environmental impact is discussed and depicted through different examples. The book subsequently addresses existing building stock, in which environmental, social, and economic benefits of building refurbishment are outlined by different case studies. Further on, a method for the upgrade of existing buildings, described as ‘integrated rehabilitation’, is deliberated and supported by best practice examples of exoskeleton architectural prosthesis. The final paper reflects on the principles of regenerative design, reveals the significance of biological entities, and recognises the need to assign to buildings and their elements a more advanced role towards natural systems in human environments

Towards circular economy in developing cities: an integrated approach for planning international cooperation projects

Solid waste management (SWM) issues are an environmental and social burden, which affect mainly the population of low-middle income countries worldwide, as well as the global environment. The application of the circular economy (CE) principles (reuse of waste materials) is considered the main solution spreading the economy of the waste and therefore reducing environmental impacts. This research is focused on the analysis and application of integrated approaches for planning sustainable SWM systems in developing big cities, demonstrating the importance of the inclusion of the informal recycling and drafting international cooperation projects for introducing new appropriate technologies and awareness campaigns. The case study of this research is La Paz (Bolivia), low-middle income city where international support is required for the sustainable development. The results allow suggesting that the inclusion of informal recyclers can be considered the most useful option in terms of technical and financial issues, exploiting a CE system just in place. Moreover, the cooperation with local and international stakeholders allows writing and submitting two international cooperation projects. The research demonstrates that the cooperation among various international and local actors, such as Universities, non-governmental organizations and local Government, in parallel with the use of technical knowledge and methodologies can support the sustainable development in low-middle countries, driving low-middle income cities towards the CE

Evaluación de un estudio clínico sobre el efecto de la oración intercesora remota en pacientes críticamente enfermos

Introducción. Las medicinas alternativas y complementarias son un recurso de salud de amplia difusión en la población general, sin embargo su eficacia clínica es materia de discusión. Algunas instituciones reconocidasen este campo sugieren que las investigaciones sobre los diversos tratamientos deben seguir los mismos requisitos de calidad y de evaluación de la evidencia que las de cualquier intervención médica alopática y someterse a los mismos criterios de verificación de cualquier innovación científica en salud.Objetivo.Evaluar críticamente un ensayo clínico publicado sobre el efecto de la oración intercesora remota (OIR), en pacientes críticos hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.Metodología.Se revisó el estado del arte de la investigación sobre el efecto de la OIR y se describieron puntos de controversia. Se analizó la argumentación que ofrece el estudio y se evaluaron críticamente los aspectos relacionados con el diseño, la recolección de información y la interpretación de resultados. Se utilizó la guía de evaluación elaborada por el National Collaborating Centre of Methods and Tools de McMaster University, del Canadá, que se fundamenta en los criterios compilados por Gordon Guyatt y Drummond Rennie (2002).Resultados. Se observa ausencia de un marco teórico que fundamente el fenómeno de investigación y fallas metodológicas en la distribución aleatoria, el enmascaramiento, la estandarización de la intervención y la valoración e interpretación de los resultados.Conclusión. El estudio no cumple los criterios de calidad de los ensayos clínicos y la evidencia aportada no puede aplicarse a ninguna población. En la literatura científica revisada se menciona que este tipo de problemas son frecuentes en estudios sobre medicinas alternativa

Towards circular economy in developing cities: an integrated approach for planning international cooperation projects

Solid waste management (SWM) issues are an environmental and social burden, which affect mainly the population of low-middle income countries worldwide, as well as the global environment. The application of the circular economy (CE) principles (reuse of waste materials) is considered the main solution spreading the economy of the waste and therefore reducing environmental impacts. This research is focused on the analysis and application of integrated approaches for planning sustainable SWM systems in developing big cities, demonstrating the importance of the inclusion of the informal recycling and drafting international cooperation projects for introducing new appropriate technologies and awareness campaigns. The case study of this research is La Paz (Bolivia), low-middle income city where international support is required for the sustainable development. The results allow suggesting that the inclusion of informal recyclers can be considered the most useful option in terms of technical and financial issues, exploiting a CE system just in place. Moreover, the cooperation with local and international stakeholders allows writing and submitting two international cooperation projects. The research demonstrates that the cooperation among various international and local actors, such as Universities, non-governmental organizations and local Government, in parallel with the use of technical knowledge and methodologies can support the sustainable development in low-middle countries, driving low-middle income cities towards the CE