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Digital inclusion - the vision, the challenges and the way forward
This paper considers the vision and aspiration of digital inclusion, and then examines the current reality. It looks beyond the rhetoric to provide an analysis of the status quo, a consideration of some facilitators and challenges to progress and some suggestions for moving forward with renewed energy and commitment. The far-reaching benefits of digital inclusion and the crucial role it plays in enabling full participation in our digital society are considered. At the heart of the vision of universal digital inclusion is the deceptively simple goal to ensure that everyone is able to access and experience the wide-ranging benefits and transformational opportunities and impacts it offers. The reality is a long way from the vision: inequality of access still exists despite many national campaigns and initiatives to reduce it. The benefits and beneficiaries of a digital society are not just the individual but all stakeholders in the wider society. Research evidence has shown that the critical success factors for successful digital participation are (i) appropriate design and (ii) readily available and on-going ICT (Information and Communication Technology) support in the community. Challenges and proven solutions are presented. The proposition of community hubs in local venues to provide user-centred ICT support and learning for older and disabled people is presented. While the challenges to achieve digital inclusion are very considerable, the knowledge of how to achieve it and the technologies which enable it already exist. Harnessing of political will is necessary to make digital inclusion a reality rather than a vision. With the cooperation and commitment of all stakeholders actualisation of the vision of a digitally inclusive society, while challenging, can be achieved and will yield opportunities and rewards that eclipse the cost of implementation
DesafĂos encarados para superar la brecha digital indĂgena en Brasil
El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el nivel de
inclusión digital realizado por el programa brasileño
de inclusiĂłn digital Gobierno ElectrĂłnico - Servicio de
Atención al Ciudadano (Governo EletrÎnico - Serviço de
Atendimento ao CidadĂŁo - Gesac) en tierras indĂgenas. Nos
guiamos por el sistema de inclusiĂłn digital del sociĂłlogo
brasileño Bernardo Sorj, quien identifica cinco niveles: 1)
la existencia de una infraestructura fĂsica de transmisiĂłn,
2) la disponibilidad de equipamiento/conexiĂłn, 3)
capacitaciĂłn en el uso de herramientas informĂĄticas e
internet, 4) la capacidad intelectual e la integraciĂłn social,
e 5) la producciĂłn y uso de contenidos especĂficos.
Nuestra hipĂłtesis es que, a pesar del discurso oficial
alineado con los debates sobre las sociedades del
conocimiento, en la prĂĄctica, Gesac todavĂa estĂĄ operado
por un determinismo tecnolĂłgico. Para probar esta
hipĂłtesis, realizamos la observaciĂłn del punto de acceso
a internet en la escuela indĂgena PamĂĄali, ubicado en la
zona noroccidental de la Amazonia brasileña. También
hemos discutido y llevado a cabo entrevistas con los
actores involucrados en la implementaciĂłn de programas
de inclusiĂłn digital dirigida a los pueblos indĂgenas: los
ministerios y funcionarios de la FundaciĂłn Nacional del
Indio (FUNAI), representantes del tercer sector y los
propios indĂgenas.
Los desafĂos que identificamos llevan a la conclusiĂłn de
que la brecha digital indĂgena es sĂłlo una de las varias
brechas a que los grupos indĂgenas son sometidos
desde tiempos coloniales, siendo una consecuencia mĂĄs
de estas divisiones a la vez que tambiĂ©n las acentĂșa.
Mientras las acciones de inclusiĂłn digital del gobierno
brasileño dirigidos a los pueblos indĂgenas no se hagan
e implementen como parte de una polĂtica indĂgena mĂĄs
amplia y no tengan en cuenta las especificidades de estos
grupos, estas iniciativas se limitaran a brindar conexiĂłn a
internet y la donaciĂłn de equipos que serĂĄn subutilizados
o se deterioran rĂĄpidamente.This paperâs objective is to identify the level of digital
inclusion made possible by Brazilian digital divide program
Electronic Government â Citizen Attention Service (Governo
EletrĂŽnico â Serviço de Atendimento ao CidadĂŁo â Gesac)
on indigenous lands. We are guided by Brazilian sociologist
Bernardo Sorjâs five level digital inclusion system: 1) the
existence of physical transmission infrastructure, 2) the
availability of equipment/connection, 3) training in the
use of computing tools and the internet, 4) the intellectual
ability and social integration, and 5) the production and
use of specific content.
Our hypothesis is that, despite an official discourse
aligned with the discussions on the knowledge societies,
in practice, Gesac is still operated by a technological
determinism. To test this hypothesis, we performed the
observation of the internet access point in the indigenous
school PamĂĄali, of Baniwa and Coripaco ethnicities, located
in the northwestern area of the Brazilian Amazon. We also
discussed and conducted interviews with actors involved
in the implementation of digital inclusion programs aimed
at indigenous peoples: ministries and Indian National
Foundation (FUNAI) officials, representatives of the third
sector and indigenous themselves.
The challenges we identify lead to the conclusion that
indigenous digital divide is just one of the several divides
to which indigenous groups are subjected since colonial
times, being one more consequence of these divides at
the same time that it also accentuates them. As long as
Brazilian governmentâs digital inclusion actions aimed
at indigenous peoples are not created and implemented
as part of a broader indigenous policy and do not take
into consideration the specificities of these groups, these
initiatives will be limited to providing internet connection
and donating equipment that shall either remain underused
or will rapidly deteriorate
Addressing the cyber safety challenge: from risk to resilience
Addressing the cyber safety challenge: from risk to resilience describes the cyber safety issues emerging from a range of technology trends, how different populations are using technologies and the risks they face, and how we can effectively respond to each groupâs unique cyber safety needs.
Written by the University of Western Sydney for Telstra Corporation Ltd, the report advocates for continuing to move cyber safety from a ârisk and protectionâ framework to one that focuses on building digital resilience, as well as fostering trust and confidence in the online environment. To do this we need to:
Address the needs of populations often neglected by current policies and programs â including adults, seniors, parents, and small to medium enterprises
Continue to build the digital literacy skills of all populations, because digital literacy strongly influences usersâ ability to engage safely online â this is best achieved by a hands-on learning approach
Keep risk in perspective â the risks and benefits of digital participation go hand in hand
Broaden the focus from awareness-raising to long-term behaviour change.
As digital technologies become further integrated into the everyday lives of Australians, users are potentially exposed to greater risks. However, the risks and benefits of digital participation go hand in hand. The challenge, therefore, is to support users to minimise the risks without limiting their digital participation and their capacity to derive the full benefits of connectivity. If Australians are to benefit as either consumers or providers of online services and products in the e-commerce environment, consumer safety and trust need to be improved.
Cyber safety needs to be considered against a transforming backdrop of technology trends, products and practices. While the rise of social media has tended to dominate recent debate and developments in cyber safety, particularly in relation to young people, a range of other trends is also shaping how users engage online, the risks they potentially face in the new media landscape, and the strategies used to address them. These trends include the rise of user generated content and content sharing platforms; the uptake of mobile technologies and, in particular, the adoption of smartphones; cloud computing; platform integration and single sign-on mechanisms; and the rise of GPS and location based services
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The impact of local ICT initiatives on social capital and quality of life
This paper reviews the evidence for the effects of local ICT initiatives (âcommunity networksâ) on neighbourhood social capital and quality of life and has been developed from the public SOCQUIT D11 report (Anderson et al, 2006)
One-to-One Laptop Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Panorama and Perspectives
The introduction of technology in education is gaining momentum worldwide. One model of incorporating technology into education that has gained tremendous traction in Latin America and the Caribbean is One-to-One computing. The term "One-to-One" refers to the ratio of digital devices per child so that each child is provided with a digital device, most often a laptop, to facilitate learning. The objective of this document is to provide an overview of One-to-One implementations with a regional focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. It also proposes a systemic approach to improve the quality of education in contexts of mass laptop distributions to students and teachers.e-Learning, Teacher Education & Quality, Innovation
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