Réduction de l'égo-bruit de robots

En robotique, il est désirable d’équiper les robots du sens de l’audition afin de mieux interagir avec les utilisateurs et l’environnement. Cependant, le bruit causé par les actionneurs des robots, nommé égo-bruit, réduit considérablement la qualité des segments audios. Conséquemment, la performance des techniques de reconnaissance de la parole et de détection d’évènements sonores est limitée par la quantité de bruit que le robot produit durant ses mouvements. Le bruit généré par les robots diffère considérablement selon l’environnement, les moteurs, les matériaux utilisés et même selon l’intégrité des différentes composantes mécaniques. L’objectif du projet est de concevoir un modèle de réduction d’égo-bruit robuste utilisant plusieurs microphones et d’être capable de le calibrer rapidement sur un robot mobile. Ce mémoire présente une méthode de réduction de l’égo-bruit combinant l’apprentissage de gabarit de matrice de covariance du bruit à un algorithme de formation de faisceau de réponses à variance minimum sans distorsion. L’approche utilisée pour l’apprentissage des matrices de covariances permet d’enregistrer les caractéristiques spatiales de l’égo-bruit en moins de deux minutes pour chaque nouvel environnement. L’algorithme de faisceau permet, quant à lui, de réduire l’égo-bruit du signal bruité sans l’ajout de distorsion nonlinéaire dans le signal résultant. La méthode est implémentée sous Robot Operating System pour une utilisation simple et rapide sur différents robots. L’évaluation de cette nouvelle méthode a été effectuée sur un robot réel dans trois environnements différents : une petite salle, une grande salle et un corridor de bureau. L’augmentation du ratio signal-bruit est d’environ 10 dB et est constante entre les trois salles. La réduction du taux d’erreur des mots de la reconnaissance vocale se situe entre 30 % et 55 %. Le modèle a aussi été testé pour la détection d’évènements sonores. Une augmentation de 7 % à 20 % de la précision moyenne a été mesurée pour la détection de la musique, mais aucune augmentation significative pour la parole, les cris, les portes qui ferment et les alarmes. La méthode proposée permet une utilisation plus accessible de la reconnaissance vocale sur des robots bruyants. De plus, une analyse des principaux paramètres a permis de valider leurs impacts sur la performance du système. Les performances sont meilleures lorsque le système est calibré avec plus de bruit du robot et lorsque la longueur des segments utilisés est plus longue. La taille de la Transformée de Fourier rapide à court terme (Short-Time Fourier Transform) peut être réduite pour réduire le temps de traitement du système. Cependant, la taille de cette transformée impacte aussi la résolution des caractéristiques du signal résultant. Un compromis doit être faire entre un faible temps de traitement et la qualité du signal en sortie du système

Augmented reality device for first response scenarios

A prototype of a wearable computer system is proposed and implemented using commercial off-shelf components. The system is designed to allow the user to access location-specific information about an environment, and to provide capability for user tracking. Areas of applicability include primarily first response scenarios, with possible applications in maintenance or construction of buildings and other structures. Necessary preparation of the target environment prior to system\u27s deployment is limited to noninvasive labeling using optical fiducial markers. The system relies on computational vision methods for registration of labels and user position. With the system the user has access to on-demand information relevant to a particular real-world location. Team collaboration is assisted by user tracking and real-time visualizations of team member positions within the environment. The user interface and display methods are inspired by Augmented Reality1 (AR) techniques, incorporating a video-see-through Head Mounted Display (HMD) and fingerbending sensor glove.*. 1Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer research which deals with the combination of real world and computer generated data. At present, most AR research is concerned with the use of live video imagery which is digitally processed and augmented by the addition of computer generated graphics. Advanced research includes the use of motion tracking data, fiducial marker recognition using machine vision, and the construction of controlled environments containing any number of sensors and actuators. (Source: Wikipedia) *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: Adobe Acrobat; Microsoft Office; Windows MediaPlayer or RealPlayer

Physical Diagnosis and Rehabilitation Technologies

The book focuses on the diagnosis, evaluation, and assistance of gait disorders; all the papers have been contributed by research groups related to assistive robotics, instrumentations, and augmentative devices

NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

This document is a collection of technical reports on research conducted by the participants in the 1993 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at KSC. The basic common objectives of the Program are: to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; to stimulate an exchange of ideas between participants and NASA; to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants' institutions; and to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA centers. 1993 topics include wide band fiber optic communications, a prototype expert/information system for examining environmental risks of KSC activities, alternatives to premise wiring using ATM and microcellular technologies, rack insertion end effector (RIEE) automation, FTIR quantification of industrial hydraulic fluids in perchloroethylene, switch configuration for migration to optical fiber network, and more

Climbing and Walking Robots

Nowadays robotics is one of the most dynamic fields of scientific researches. The shift of robotics researches from manufacturing to services applications is clear. During the last decades interest in studying climbing and walking robots has been increased. This increasing interest has been in many areas that most important ones of them are: mechanics, electronics, medical engineering, cybernetics, controls, and computers. Today’s climbing and walking robots are a combination of manipulative, perceptive, communicative, and cognitive abilities and they are capable of performing many tasks in industrial and non- industrial environments. Surveillance, planetary exploration, emergence rescue operations, reconnaissance, petrochemical applications, construction, entertainment, personal services, intervention in severe environments, transportation, medical and etc are some applications from a very diverse application fields of climbing and walking robots. By great progress in this area of robotics it is anticipated that next generation climbing and walking robots will enhance lives and will change the way the human works, thinks and makes decisions. This book presents the state of the art achievments, recent developments, applications and future challenges of climbing and walking robots. These are presented in 24 chapters by authors throughtot the world The book serves as a reference especially for the researchers who are interested in mobile robots. It also is useful for industrial engineers and graduate students in advanced study

Strategic Latency Unleashed: The Role of Technology in a Revisionist Global Order and the Implications for Special Operations Forces

The article of record may be found at https://cgsr.llnl.govThis work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. ISBN-978-1-952565-07-6 LCCN-2021901137 LLNL-BOOK-818513 TID-59693This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. ISBN-978-1-952565-07-6 LCCN-2021901137 LLNL-BOOK-818513 TID-5969

Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics

This Open Access proceedings present a good overview of the current research landscape of industrial robots. The objective of MHI Colloquium is a successful networking at academic and management level. Thereby the colloquium is focussing on a high level academic exchange to distribute the obtained research results, determine synergetic effects and trends, connect the actors personally and in conclusion strengthen the research field as well as the MHI community. Additionally there is the possibility to become acquainted with the organizing institute. Primary audience are members of the scientific association for assembly, handling and industrial robots (WG MHI)

Technology 2000, volume 1

The purpose of the conference was to increase awareness of existing NASA developed technologies that are available for immediate use in the development of new products and processes, and to lay the groundwork for the effective utilization of emerging technologies. There were sessions on the following: Computer technology and software engineering; Human factors engineering and life sciences; Information and data management; Material sciences; Manufacturing and fabrication technology; Power, energy, and control systems; Robotics; Sensors and measurement technology; Artificial intelligence; Environmental technology; Optics and communications; and Superconductivity

The 1989 JSC bibliography of scientific and technical papers

This document is a compilation of Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center contributions to the scientific and technical literature in aerospace and life sciences made during calendar year 1989. Citations include NASA formal series reports, journal articles, conference and symposium presentations, papers published in proceedings or other collective works, and seminar and workshop results

Technology 2001: The Second National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, volume 2

Proceedings of the workshop are presented. The mission of the conference was to transfer advanced technologies developed by the Federal government, its contractors, and other high-tech organizations to U.S. industries for their use in developing new or improved products and processes. Volume two presents papers on the following topics: materials science, robotics, test and measurement, advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, electronics, and software engineering