2,729 research outputs found

    A Family Perspective on Family Involvement Strategies in a Local Urban Elementary School

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    AbstractThe active engagement of parents in the educational experiences of their children has been suggested to support high academic achievement for the children. In the project setting, an urban elementary school, educators were struggling to find effective strategies to promote family involvement in their children’s education. The purpose of this qualitative project study was to investigate family perspectives on family involvement strategies and potential barriers at the project setting and to determine new effective strategies to help them become more involved in their children’s education. The conceptual framework for the project is Epstein’s (2009) framework for parental involvement which explains how schools can work with families and communities to help families stay informed and involved in their child’s education. The study sample was identified using the purposeful sampling technique and comprised 18 family members— parents and /or guardians—of children in grade levels K-5. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found the key barriers to family involvement to be ineffective family-school communication, language barriers, poverty, low level of parental education, and low opportunities for parental participation in decision-making and volunteering within and for the school. Strategies for addressing these barriers and improving family involvement were identified based on Epstein’s (2009) typology of family involvement. The study’s findings have implications for addressing the barriers to family involvement and creating a change in attitude and practice among teachers so that families feel respected and can participate more in school activities. The findings will also contribute to the empirical literature on family involvement in children’s education

    Understanding The Lived Experiences of Elementary Teachers Who Teach Students With Dyslexia How to Read: A Transcendental Phenomenology

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    This transcendental phenomenology sought to understand the lived experiences of elementary teachers who teach students with dyslexia how to read. The central question guiding this study was: “What are the lived experiences of elementary teachers who teach students with dyslexia how to read?” Three sub-questions looked more deeply into the phenomenon. The first sub-question asked: “What internal influences shape elementary teachers’ experiences when teaching students with dyslexia how to read?” The second sub-question asked: “What external influences shape elementary teachers’ experiences when teaching students with dyslexia how to read?” Finally, the third sub-question asked: “How do internal and external influences shape elementary teachers’ experiences when teaching students with dyslexia how to read?” Bandura’s social cognitive theory (SCT) guided this study, as its model of triadic reciprocal causation provided a framework for understanding the internal and external influences that shaped elementary teachers’ experiences when teaching reading to students with dyslexia. A total of 14 teachers were purposefully selected either from public and private elementary teacher Facebook groups across the United States or snowball sampling. Participants were K-4 classroom teachers, special education teachers, and reading specialists. Data were collected from individual interviews, document analysis, and participant journaling. Moustakas’ (1994) data analysis procedures were used to reveal the essence of participants’ lived experiences of the phenomenon. Thus, the science of reading, barriers to teaching students with dyslexia, and the pandemic and dyslexia strongly shaped elementary teachers’ instruction when teaching students with dyslexia how to read

    Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on hospital care pathways

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    Care pathways in hospitals around the world reported significant disruption during the recent COVID-19 pandemic but measuring the actual impact is more problematic. Process mining can be useful for hospital management to measure the conformance of real-life care to what might be considered normal operations. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that process mining can be used to investigate process changes associated with complex disruptive events. We studied perturbations to accident and emergency (A &E) and maternity pathways in a UK public hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-incidentally the hospital had implemented a Command Centre approach for patient-flow management affording an opportunity to study both the planned improvement and the disruption due to the pandemic. Our study proposes and demonstrates a method for measuring and investigating the impact of such planned and unplanned disruptions affecting hospital care pathways. We found that during the pandemic, both A &E and maternity pathways had measurable reductions in the mean length of stay and a measurable drop in the percentage of pathways conforming to normative models. There were no distinctive patterns of monthly mean values of length of stay nor conformance throughout the phases of the installation of the hospital’s new Command Centre approach. Due to a deficit in the available A &E data, the findings for A &E pathways could not be interpreted

    Narrative inquiry of language assessment literacy development of pre-service English as a foreign language teacher in China

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    As an indispensable element in the teaching and learning, assessment not only informs teachers about the effectiveness of the instruction, but also frames student learning. However, pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers across the world have been suggested to possess an inadequate level of language assessment literacy (LAL). The first step is to understand their concerns in LAL. To address the paucity, this narrative inquiry is conducted to explore pre-service EFL teachers’ LAL conceptualizations, self-evaluated proficiency level, evolvement trajectories, and the mediating factors in the evolvement process. Six participants from a pre-service EFL teacher education programme in China were purposefully sampled. The narrative interviews, assessment artifacts, and journals were collected and analyzed by narrative analysis and thematic analysis. The findings showed that the participants conceptualized LAL as a scaled eight-dimensional concept embedded in the social-cultural contexts. They tend to self-evaluate their LAL proficiency ranging from insufficiently qualified, through marginally qualified, to satisfactorily qualified. Besides, the experiential, contextual, and personal mediating factors were identified to participate in LAL evolvement. From bottom-up, the mediating factors participated in constructing pre-service EFL teachers’ knowledge base, shaping their assessment conceptions, filtering the assessment practices, and facilitating the assessor identity construction. With the enhanced LAL, they were more attentive to reflect on the influence of these mediating factors. As to the LAL evolvement trajectory, all the participants went through three mastery levels from the first assessment knowledge base through internalized assessment understanding to assessor identity construction. This study contributes to LAL conceptualization by involving in the neglected stakeholders, pre-service EFL teachers and enriches the application of narrative inquiry in LAL field. The findings can be used as a guidance for the improvement of deficient LAL among pre-service EFL teachers by offering implications for the teacher educators and teacher preparation programmes

    Data ethics : building trust : how digital technologies can serve humanity

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    Data is the magic word of the 21st century. As oil in the 20th century and electricity in the 19th century: For citizens, data means support in daily life in almost all activities, from watch to laptop, from kitchen to car, from mobile phone to politics. For business and politics, data means power, dominance, winning the race. Data can be used for good and bad, for services and hacking, for medicine and arms race. How can we build trust in this complex and ambiguous data world? How can digital technologies serve humanity? The 45 articles in this book represent a broad range of ethical reflections and recommendations in eight sections: a) Values, Trust and Law, b) AI, Robots and Humans, c) Health and Neuroscience, d) Religions for Digital Justice, e) Farming, Business, Finance, f) Security, War, Peace, g) Data Governance, Geopolitics, h) Media, Education, Communication. The authors and institutions come from all continents. The book serves as reading material for teachers, students, policy makers, politicians, business, hospitals, NGOs and religious organisations alike. It is an invitation for dialogue, debate and building trust! The book is a continuation of the volume “Cyber Ethics 4.0” published in 2018 by the same editors

    Evidence-based practice to develop social communication competency: listening to the voices of teachers of autistic children

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    In education research, there is a firm belief that reflecting on inclusive pedagogy is imperative for teachers, as effective inclusion means considering the child’s needs on all levels and adopting appropriate practices to meet these needs in schools (Lerner and Johns 2015). The appropriate practices, recommended for teachers of autistic children should have a research base, with evidence of their effectiveness to show what works to support learning. Such practices are termed evidence-based practices (EBPs). The 2016 Review of Autism Spectrum D[ifference] (ASD) Provision, commissioned by the National Council for Special Education (NCSE), has identified that in Ireland there are ‘significant gaps in our knowledge of interventions for supporting children and young people with ASD, at different ages and in different educational settings’ (Bond et al. 2016, p.139). Despite global efforts, an upsurge in the availability of literature on ASD and the existence of high-quality experimental research, recommendations from empirical studies are not always transmitting into effective practice (Joyce and Cartwright 2020). The researcher sought to document the EBPs, that teachers report as most effective in early years’ classrooms, to facilitate social communication competency (SCC), which is acknowledged, nationally and internationally, as significant for autistic children. The research study utilised a detailed systematic literature review to provide an authentic evidence-based foundation that informed data collection, for teachers to use to reflect on their practice. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey as the data collection instrument, which was completed by a purposeful sample of teachers nationally across Ireland. A mixed methods approach to data analysis was embraced, whereby quantitative and qualitative analyses were combined to yield rich data (Creswell and Guetterman 2021). The study adopted Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory as its theoretical framework for analysis. It unveiled the perspectives of teachers in relation to EBPs, which they employ to teach SCC to autistic children in early years’ classrooms. Emerging from the voices of the teachers, seen as key stakeholders in the provision of education for autistic children, several recommendations are suggested for policy and practice, nationally and internationally.N
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