Introduction: contains Cover, Table of Contents, Letter from the Editor, and Masthead

The Richmond Journal of Law and Technology is proud to present its Annual Survey issue of the 2010–2011 academic year. The Journal strives to find interesting and contemporary topics that bisect technology and the law, and publish authors who provide in-depth and practical analysis of these topics to the legal community and beyond. To that end, this year’s Annual Survey is devoted exclusively to the topic of electronic discovery. In the two years since the Journal last published on this important issue, the availability of electronic information has increased exponentially, courts have continued to struggle with the 2006 Amendments to the Federal Rules, and technology-assisted document review is beginning to fundamentally alter the litigation process. The time has come to once again address the issue of e-discovery

Assistive Technology in Early Childhood

This capstone will be focusing on assistive technology in early childhood special education as it relates to students with physical health disabilities. This project is important because there seems to be a lack of information about supporting early childhood students with physical health disabilities in home and school settings. As an early childhood special education teacher, it can be difficult to determine what assistive technologies would be appropriate for each individual student. This project focuses on exploring assistive technology within early childhood to promote inclusion. Assistive technology is any product or tool that helps individuals with disabilities learn, work, and live more productive lives. Assistive technology increases students opportunities for education, social interaction, and participation in all aspects of life (home, school, and community). Assistive technology helps students to access their right to a free and appropriate education in their least restrictive environment. Assistive technology can range from simple pencil grips to sophisticated software. Literature findings explain that it is a fundamental responsibility of educators to provide students with the tools needed to fully participate and learn in the inclusive classroom. In this capstone project, a literature review will be used to include studies on the process of determining appropriate assistive technology in early childhood, evaluating assistive technology in early childhood, and how to develop and implement assistive technology in early childhood education. This project will also include a resource file that I have created to gather information about specific types and examples of assistive technology that would be appropriate to use with students with physical health disabilities in home and preschool early childhood settings. References Abend, A. (2017). Achieving the promise of assistive technology: Why assistive technology evaluations are essential for compliance with the individuals with disabilities education act. Cardozo Law Review, 38(3), 1171-1210. Dugan, L., Campbell, P., & Wilcox, J. (2006). Making decisions about assistive technology with infants and toddlers. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 26(1), 25-32. Judge, S. (2006). Constructing an assistive technology toolkit for young children: Views from the field. Journal of Special Education Technology, 21(4), 17-24. Judge, S., Floyd, K., & Jeffs, T. (2008). Using an assistive technology toolkit to promote inclusion. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(1), 121-126. Kling, A., Campbell, P., Wilcox, J. (2010). Young children with physical disabilities caregiver perspectives about assistive technology. Infants and Young Children, 23(3), 169-183. Lyons, C. & Tredwell, C. (2015). Steps to implementing technology in inclusive early childhood programs. Computers in the Schools, 32, 152-166. Murchland, S., Parkyn, H. (2011). Promoting participation in schoolwork: assistive technology use by children with physical disabilities. Assistive Technology, 23, 93-105. Parette, H., Blum, C. & Boeckmann, N. (2009). Evaluating assistive technology in early childhood education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37, 5-12. Parette, H. & Stoner, J. (2008). Benefits of assistive technology user groups for early childhood educational professionals. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(1), 313-319. Tamakloe, D. & Agbenyega, J. (2017). Exploring preschool teachers’ and support staff’s use and experiences of assistive technology with children with disabilities. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 42 (2), 29-36

Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: a new scenario for destination management?

[EN] The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on tourism and their foreseeable future evolution seem to be shaping a new scenario for destination management. This new context has given rise to the need for new management models. One of these models is the emerging smart tourism destination (STD), although it requires greater conceptual precision in order to become a new paradigm for destination management. This paper proposes a systemic model for STDs which facilitates the interpretation of the role of ICTs in the management of tourism destinations. Accordingly, the Delphi technique has been applied so as to determine the opinion of experts regarding the feasibility of the STD approach, its advantages and limitations and also the size of the impact of ICTs on the management and marketing of tourism destinations. This prospective exercise highlights the intensification of the impact of ICTs over the coming years which will shape a new scenario for management characterised by technology and data management. However, the efficiency of the STD approach will not depend exclusively only on technology but also on an appropriate governance of the destination that systematically incorporates the three levels of the STD, namely the strategic¿relational, instrumental and applied levels.This research has been carried out within the framework of the project "New approaches for tourism destinations planning and management: conceptualization, case studies and problems. Definition of smart tourist destinations models" (CSO2014-59193-R) under the Spanish National R&D&I Plan financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Ivars-Baidal, JA.; Celdrán-Bernabeu, MA.; Mazón, JN.; Perles Ivars, A. (2019). Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: a new scenario for destination management?. Current Issues in Tourism (Online). 22(13):1581-1600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1388771S158116002213Benckendorff, P. J., Sheldon, P. J., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (Eds.). (2014). Tourism information technology. doi:10.1079/9781780641850.0000BERGER, S., LEHMANN, H., & LEHNER, F. (2003). LOCATION-BASED SERVICES IN THE TOURIST INDUSTRY. Information Technology & Tourism, 5(4), 243-256. doi:10.3727/109830503108751171Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2014). Conceptualising Smart Tourism Destination Dimensions. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015, 391-403. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_29Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2014). Smart Tourism Destinations Enhancing Tourism Experience Through Personalisation of Services. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015, 377-389. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_28Buhalis, D., & Foerste, M. (2015). SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(3), 151-161. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.04.001Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609-623. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005Buhalis, D., & Matloka, J. (2013). 24. Technology-enabled Tourism Destination Management and Marketing. Trends in European Tourism Planning and Organisation, 339-350. doi:10.21832/9781845414122-028Caragliu, A., & Del Bo, C. (2012). Smartness and European urban performance: assessing the local impacts of smart urban attributes. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 97-113. doi:10.1080/13511610.2012.660323Cetin, G., Aydogan Cifci, M., Istanbullu Dincer, F., & Fuchs, M. (2016). Coping with reintermediation: the case of SMHEs. Information Technology & Tourism, 16(4), 375-392. doi:10.1007/s40558-016-0063-2Chung, N., & Koo, C. (2015). The use of social media in travel information search. Telematics and Informatics, 32(2), 215-229. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2014.08.005Cole, Z. D., Donohoe, H. M., & Stellefson, M. L. (2013). Internet-Based Delphi Research: Case Based Discussion. Environmental Management, 51(3), 511-523. doi:10.1007/s00267-012-0005-5Del Chiappa, G., & Baggio, R. (2015). Knowledge transfer in smart tourism destinations: Analyzing the effects of a network structure. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(3), 145-150. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.02.001Donohoe, H. M., & Needham, R. D. (2009). Moving best practice forward: Delphi characteristics, advantages, potential problems, and solutions. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(5), 415-437. doi:10.1002/jtr.709Fuchs, M., Höpken, W., & Lexhagen, M. (2014). Big data analytics for knowledge generation in tourism destinations – A case from Sweden. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3(4), 198-209. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.08.002Garrod, B., & Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 682-708. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00094-8Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31(8-9), 1257-1274. doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00062-8Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179-188. doi:10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent systems in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 757-779. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.04.014Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., & Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558-563. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.043Gretzel, U., Yuan, Y.-L., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2000). Preparing for the New Economy: Advertising Strategies and Change in Destination Marketing Organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 39(2), 146-156. doi:10.1177/004728750003900204Hall, M. C. (2008). Tourism and Innovation. doi:10.4324/9780203938430Hjalager, A.-M. (2013). 100 Innovations That Transformed Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 3-21. doi:10.1177/0047287513516390Ivars Baidal, J. A., Solsona Monzonís, F. J., & Giner Sánchez, D. (2016). Gestión turística y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC): El nuevo enfoque de los destinos inteligentes. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 62(2), 327. doi:10.5565/rev/dag.285Jolly, D., & Dimanche, F. (2009). Investing in technology for tourism activities: Perspectives and challenges. Technovation, 29(9), 576-579. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2009.05.004Jovicic, D. Z. (2016). Key issues in the conceptualization of tourism destinations. Tourism Geographies, 18(4), 445-457. doi:10.1080/14616688.2016.1183144Kanama, D., Kondo, A., & Yokoo, Y. (2008). Development of technology foresight: integration of technology roadmapping and the Delphi method. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 4(2), 184. doi:10.1504/ijtip.2008.018316Kitchin, R. (2014). Making sense of smart cities: addressing present shortcomings. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 131-136. doi:10.1093/cjres/rsu027Law, R., Buhalis, D., & Cobanoglu, C. (2014). Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), 727-750. doi:10.1108/ijchm-08-2013-0367Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C., & Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management, 58, 293-300. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.014March, H., & Ribera-Fumaz, R. (2016). Smart contradictions: The politics of making Barcelona a Self-sufficient city. European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(4), 816-830. doi:10.1177/0969776414554488Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, 46-54. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.012Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2012). Conceptualising technology enhanced destination experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1-2), 36-46. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2012.08.001NIININEN, O. (2006). Consumer Centric Tourism Marketing. Tourism Management Dynamics, 175-186. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-6378-6.50029-9Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15-29. doi:10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002Saraniemi, S., & Kylänen, M. (2010). Problematizing the Concept of Tourism Destination: An Analysis of Different Theoretical Approaches. Journal of Travel Research, 50(2), 133-143. doi:10.1177/0047287510362775Wang, X., Li, X. (Robert), Zhen, F., & Zhang, J. (2016). How smart is your tourist attraction?: Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach. Tourism Management, 54, 309-320. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.00

Horizons Spring/Summer 2008

Features 14 Theory Meets Practice at Huizenga School 16 Nursing Department Makes Huge Strides in Short Time 20 Society’s Problems Find Solutions Here 24 Medical Missions: Serving the Underserved 26 A True University Experience, Far from Main Campus 32 NSU Broadcasts the First Voice in Law School Radio Departments 2 Letter from the President 3 Academic Notes New Beginnings for Our Treasured Reefs International Coral Reef Symposium $500,000 Donated to Scholarships for High-Achieving Transfer Students Graduate Program Catches the Information Technology Wave Master’s Degree Program Responds to Multiculturalism in the Classroom University Center Gets the Ball Rolling for Intramural Sports 6 Around Campus Genealogical Society Gifts Private Collection to NSU Sharks Baseball Team Participates in Miracle League World Series History in the Making: Time Capsule Buried in University Center Black Box Theater Plays a Leading Role on Campus University School Unveils Site Plans on the Horizon Alvin Sherman Library Takes to the Stage MSI Toddlers, Preschoolers Learn How to Go Green 10 Spotlight College of Osteopathic Medicine Doctor Makes a Difference Dean Harbaugh Resigns, Professor Harbaugh Enters the Classroom 28 Verbatim Fighting Smart: An Educator’s Mission to Prevent Bullying 30 Alumni Journal Kenneth and Josh Rader—The Cereal Bowl Gregory M. Vecchi, Ph.D.—Class of 2006 34 Scoreboard Sharks Athletics Receives Support and Achieves Successhttps://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsu_horizons/1012/thumbnail.jp

Multirate control with incomplete information over Profibus-DP network

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Systems Science on 2014, available online:http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00207721.2013.844286When a process ¿eld bus-decentralized peripherals (Pro¿bus-DP) network is used in an industrial environment, a deterministic behaviour is usually claimed. However, due to some concerns such as bandwidth limitations, lack of synchronisation among different clocks and existence of time-varying delays, a more complex problem must be faced. This problem implies the transmission of irregular and, even, random sequences of incomplete information. The main consequence of this issue is the appearance of different sampling periods at different network devices. In this paper, this aspect is checked by means of a detailed Pro¿bus-DP timescale study. In addition, in order to deal with the different periods, a delay-dependent dual-rate proportional-integral-derivative control is introduced. Stability for the proposed control system is analysed in terms of linear matrix inequalitiesThe authors are grateful to the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity [Research Grant TEC2012-31506].Salt Llobregat, JJ.; Casanova Calvo, V.; Cuenca Lacruz, ÁM.; Pizá Fernández, R. (2014). Multirate control with incomplete information over Profibus-DP network. International Journal of Systems Science. 45(7):1589-1605. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2013.844286S15891605457Alves, M., & Tovar, E. (2007). Real-time communications over wired/wireless PROFIBUS networks supporting inter-cell mobility. Computer Networks, 51(11), 2994-3012. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2007.01.001Boyd, S., El Ghaoui, L., Feron, E., & Balakrishnan, V. (1994). Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory. doi:10.1137/1.9781611970777Bucher, R., & Balemi, S. (2006). Rapid controller prototyping with Matlab/Simulink and Linux. Control Engineering Practice, 14(2), 185-192. doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2004.09.009Casanova, V., & Salt, J. (2003). Multirate control implementation for an integrated communication and control system. Control Engineering Practice, 11(11), 1335-1348. doi:10.1016/s0967-0661(02)00256-3Lee, J., Jung, W., Kang, I., Kim, Y., & Lee, G. (2004). Design of filter to reject motion artifact of pulse oximetry. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 26(3), 241-249. doi:10.1016/s0920-5489(03)00077-1Cuenca, Á., Pizá, R., Salt, J., & Sala, A. (2012). Linear Matrix Inequalities in Multirate Control over Networks. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2012, 1-22. doi:10.1155/2012/768212Cuenca, A., & Salt, J. (2012). RST controller design for a non-uniform multi-rate control system. Journal of Process Control, 22(10), 1865-1877. doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2012.09.010Cuenca, Á., Salt, J., & Albertos, P. (2006). Implementation of algebraic controllers for non-conventional sampled-data systems. Real-Time Systems, 35(1), 59-89. doi:10.1007/s11241-006-9001-2Halevi, Y., & Ray, A. (1988). Integrated Communication and Control Systems: Part I—Analysis. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 110(4), 367-373. doi:10.1115/1.3152698Khargonekar, P., Poolla, K., & Tannenbaum, A. (1985). Robust control of linear time-invariant plants using periodic compensation. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 30(11), 1088-1096. doi:10.1109/tac.1985.1103841Lall, S., & Dullerud, G. (2001). An LMI solution to the robust synthesis problem for multi-rate sampled-data systems. Automatica, 37(12), 1909-1922. doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(01)00167-4Lee, I. W. C., & Dash, P. K. (2003). S-transform-based intelligent system for classification of power quality disturbance signals. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 50(4), 800-805. doi:10.1109/tie.2003.814991Lee, C. K., Ron Hui, S. Y., & Henry Shu-Hung Chung. (2002). A 31-level cascade inverter for power applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49(3), 613-617. doi:10.1109/tie.2002.1005388Performance evaluation of control networks: Ethernet, ControlNet, and DeviceNet. (2001). IEEE Control Systems, 21(1), 66-83. doi:10.1109/37.898793Feng-Li Lian, Moyne, J., & Tilbury, D. (2002). Network design consideration for distributed control systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 10(2), 297-307. doi:10.1109/87.987076Lin, J., Fei, S., & Gao, Z. (2013). Control discrete-time switched singular systems with state delays under asynchronous switching. International Journal of Systems Science, 44(6), 1089-1101. doi:10.1080/00207721.2011.652230Liou, L.-W., & Ray, A. (1991). A Stochastic Regulator for Integrated Communication and Control Systems: Part I—Formulation of Control Law. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 113(4), 604-611. doi:10.1115/1.2896464Lorand, C., & Bauer, P. H. (2006). On Synchronization Errors in Networked Feedback Systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 53(10), 2306-2317. doi:10.1109/tcsi.2006.882824Moayedi, M., Foo, Y. K., & Soh, Y. C. (2011). Filtering for networked control systems with single/multiple measurement packets subject to multiple-step measurement delays and multiple packet dropouts. International Journal of Systems Science, 42(3), 335-348. doi:10.1080/00207720903513335Peñarrocha, I., Sanchis, R., & Romero, J. A. (2012). State estimator for multisensor systems with irregular sampling and time-varying delays. International Journal of Systems Science, 43(8), 1441-1453. doi:10.1080/00207721.2011.625482Piza, R., Salt, J., Sala, A., & Cuenca, A. (2014). Hierarchical Triple-Maglev Dual-Rate Control Over a Profibus-DP Network. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 22(1), 1-12. doi:10.1109/tcst.2012.2222883Ray, A. (1989). Introduction to networking for integrated control systems. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 9(1), 76-79. doi:10.1109/37.16755Ray, A., & Halevi, Y. (1988). Integrated Communication and Control Systems: Part II—Design Considerations. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 110(4), 374-381. doi:10.1115/1.3152699Sala, A., Cuenca, Á., & Salt, J. (2009). A retunable PID multi-rate controller for a networked control system. Information Sciences, 179(14), 2390-2402. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2009.02.017Salt, J., & Albertos, P. (2005). Model-based multirate controllers design. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 13(6), 988-997. doi:10.1109/tcst.2005.857410Salt, J., Sala, A., & Albertos, P. (2011). A Transfer-Function Approach to Dual-Rate Controller Design for Unstable and Non-Minimum-Phase Plants. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 19(5), 1186-1194. doi:10.1109/tcst.2010.2076386Schickhuber, G., & McCarthy, O. (1997). Distributed Fieldbus and control network systems. 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Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers

[EN] Nowadays, collaborative knowledge management (CKM) is well accepted as a decisive asset in the field of networked enterprises and supply chains. However, few knowledge management initiatives have been performed successfully because, in most cases, the barriers that hinder the CKM process are unknown and misunderstood. Currently, the research reveals different uni- and bi-dimensional barriers' classifications, however multi-dimensional approaches provide a better view of the complexity in the area of CKM. Therefore, this paper proposes the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers taking into account: (i) perspectives; (ii) levels and (iii) barriers blocks to provide a reference way to audit the CKM barriers, and thus, in further research, focus on the corrections and adjustments to guarantee the success while implementing a CKM project.Sanchis, R.; Sanchis Gisbert, MR.; Poler, R. (2020). Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers. Sustainability. 12(3):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031279S125123Rajabion, L., Sataei Mokhtari, A., Khordehbinan, M. W., Zare, M., & Hassani, A. (2019). The role of knowledge sharing in supply chain success. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 17(6), 1222-1249. doi:10.1108/jedt-03-2019-0052Sanguankaew, P., & Vathanophas Ractham, V. (2019). Bibliometric Review of Research on Knowledge Management and Sustainability, 1994–2018. Sustainability, 11(16), 4388. doi:10.3390/su11164388Zhang, J., Dawes, S. S., & Sarkis, J. (2005). Exploring stakeholders’ expectations of the benefits and barriers of e‐government knowledge sharing. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 18(5), 548-567. doi:10.1108/17410390510624007Riege, A. (2005). Three‐dozen knowledge‐sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-35. doi:10.1108/13673270510602746Yih‐Tong Sun, P., & Scott, J. L. (2005). An investigation of barriers to knowledge transfer. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(2), 75-90. doi:10.1108/13673270510590236Solli-Sæther, H., Karlsen, J. T., & van Oorschot, K. (2015). Strategic and Cultural Misalignment: Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Project Networks. Project Management Journal, 46(3), 49-60. doi:10.1002/pmj.21501Kukko, M. (2013). Knowledge sharing barriers in organic growth: A case study from a software company. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 24(1), 18-29. doi:10.1016/j.hitech.2013.02.006Mazorodze, A. H., & Buckley, S. (2019). Knowledge management in knowledge-intensive organisations: Understanding its benefits, processes, infrastructure and barriers. SA Journal of Information Management, 21(1). doi:10.4102/sajim.v21i1.990Vuori, V., Helander, N., & Mäenpää, S. (2018). Network level knowledge sharing: Leveraging Riege’s model of knowledge barriers. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 17(3), 253-263. doi:10.1080/14778238.2018.1557999Bacon, E., Williams, M. D., & Davies, G. (2020). Coopetition in innovation ecosystems: A comparative analysis of knowledge transfer configurations. Journal of Business Research, 115, 307-316. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.005General Perspectives on Knowledge Management: Fostering a Research Agenda. (2001). Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 5-21. doi:10.1080/07421222.2001.11045672Gupta, S., & Bostrom, R. (2006). Using peer-to-peer technology for collaborative knowledge management: concepts, frameworks and research issues. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 4(3), 187-196. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500103Bosua, R., & Scheepers, R. (2007). Towards a model to explain knowledge sharing in complex organizational environments. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 5(2), 93-109. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500131Brandt, D., & Hartmann, E. (1999). Editorial: Research topics and strategies in sociotechnical systems. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 9(3), 241-243. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6564(199922)9:33.0.co;2-bKim, S., & Lee, H. (2006). The Impact of Organizational Context and Information Technology on Employee Knowledge-Sharing Capabilities. Public Administration Review, 66(3), 370-385. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00595.xArgote, L., Beckman, S. L., & Epple, D. (1990). The Persistence and Transfer of Learning in Industrial Settings. Management Science, 36(2), 140-154. doi:10.1287/mnsc.36.2.140Gupta, N., Ho, V., Pollack, J. M., & Lai, L. (2016). A multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust: Individual, dyadic, and cross-level predictors of performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(8), 1271-1292. doi:10.1002/job.2104Gray, B., & Wood, D. J. (1991). Collaborative Alliances: Moving from Practice to Theory. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27(1), 3-22. doi:10.1177/0021886391271001Roberts, N. C., & Bradley, R. T. (1991). Stakeholder Collaboration and Innovation: A Study of Public Policy Initiation at the State Level. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27(2), 209-227. doi:10.1177/0021886391272004Scheff, J., & Kotler, P. (1996). Crisis in the Arts: The Marketing Response. California Management Review, 39(1), 28-52. doi:10.2307/41165875Gulati, R., & Gargiulo, M. (1999). Where Do Interorganizational Networks Come From? American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1439-1493. doi:10.1086/210179Maitlo, A., Ameen, N., Peikari, H. R., & Shah, M. (2019). Preventing identity theft. Information Technology & People, 32(5), 1184-1214. doi:10.1108/itp-05-2018-0255Bolloju, N., Khalifa, M., & Turban, E. (2002). Integrating knowledge management into enterprise environments for the next generation decision support. Decision Support Systems, 33(2), 163-176. doi:10.1016/s0167-9236(01)00142-7Hanisch, B., Lindner, F., Mueller, A., & Wald, A. (2009). Knowledge management in project environments. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(4), 148-160. doi:10.1108/13673270910971897Yew Wong, K., & Aspinwall, E. (2004). Characterizing knowledge management in the small business environment. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(3), 44-61. doi:10.1108/13673270410541033Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing for Requirement Engineeringhttps://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/28916Practical Tools and Methods for Corporate Knowledge Management—Sharing and Capitalising Engineering Know-How in the Concurrent Enterprisehttps://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/IST-1999-12685Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 27-43. doi:10.1002/smj.4250171105Wehn, U., & Almomani, A. (2019). 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Foreign Language Learning In Knowledge Forums: using a knowledge-building forum in an EFL classroom

[EN] This paper presents the first phase of a study conducted to analyze Knowledge Building forums for evidence of second language acquisition. This study is an analysis of the posts within an existing forum in search of evidence of foreign language learning. The analysis found that the collaborative writing project shows evidence that the students passed through the stages of construction of knowledge within their foreign language classroom, however factors, such as confounding variables, inconsistencies in error types, and the small number of posts by the participants made it challenging to determine whether there is evidence of language acquisition for each student. The forum posts show evidence of knowledge acquisition, but further investigation is required to determine whether collaborative writing in knowledge forums is effective for foreign language acquisition.Manegre, M.; Gutiérrez-Colón, M.; Gisbert, M. (2019). Foreign Language Learning In Knowledge Forums: using a knowledge-building forum in an EFL classroom. The EuroCALL Review. 27(1):3-13. https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2019.11150OJS313271Al-Jarf, R. (2007). Teaching Vocabulary to EFL College Students Online. CALL-EJ, 8(2). 1-16. http://econf.uob.edu.bh/conf1/pdf%20files/133.pdfBielaczyc, K. & Collins, A. (2005). Technology as a catalyst for fostering knowledge-creating communities. A. M. O'Donnell, C. E. Hmelo-Silver & J. van der Linden (Eds.), Using technology to enhance learning. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Bielaczyc, K. & Collins, A. (2006). Fostering knowledge-creating communities. A. M. O'Donnell, C. E. Hmelo-Silver & G. Erkens (Eds.), Collaborative Learning, Reasoning, and Technology. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia, M. (2010). Can Children Really Create Knowledge?. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology / La revue canadienne de l'apprentissage et de la technologie, 36 (1). Canadian Network for Innovation in Education. https://doi.org/10.21432/T2ZP43Bereiter C., Scardamalia M. (2014) Knowledge Building and Knowledge Creation: One Concept, Two Hills to Climb. In: Tan S., So H., Yeo J. (Eds.) Knowledge Creation in Education. Education Innovation Series, pp. 35-52. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-047-6_3Bikowski, D. & Vithanage, R. (2016). Effects of Web-Based Collaborative Writing on Individual L2 writing Development. Language Learning & Technology, 20(1), 79-99. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/44447/1/20_01_bikowskivithanage.pdfBrantlinger, E., Jimenez, R., Klinger, J., Pugach, M. & Richardson, V. (2005). Qualitative Studies in Special Education. Exceptional Children. 71(2), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100205Chen-Chung, L., Pin-Ching, W. & Shu-Ju, T., (2016). An analysis of student engagement patterns in language learning facilitated by Web 2.0 Technologies. ReCALL 28(2), 104- 122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095834401600001XChuy, M., Scardamalia, M., Bereiter, C., Prinsen, F., Resendes, M., Messina, R., Hunsburger, W., Teplovs, C., & Chow, A. (2010). Understanding the nature of science and scientific process: A theory building approach. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.21432/T2GP4RCingel, D. P. & Sundar, S. (2012). Texting, techspeak, and tweens: The relationship between text messaging and English grammar skills. New Media & Society. 14(8).https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444812442927. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812442927Comas-Quinn, A., Mardomingo, R. & Valentine, C. (2009). Mobile blogs in language learning: Making the most of informal and situated learning opportunities. ReCALL 21(1), 96-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344009000032Consell Superior d'Avaluació del Sistema Educatiu (2015). Avaluació del projecte COMconèixer. Barcelona, Departament d'Ensenyament, Consell Superior d'Avaluació del Sistema Educatiu, col·lecció 'Documents' 32. http://cdl3.cdl.cat/COMconeixer/docs/Avaluacio_Projecte_COMconeixer.pdfCook, J. & Smith, M. (2004). Beyond formal learning: Informal community eLearning. Computers & Education. 43(1-2), 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2003.12.003Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the Crisis. MIT Press.Gunawardena, C. N, Lowe, C. A., & Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of a Global Online Debate and the Development of an Interaction Analysis Model for Examining Social Construction of Knowledge in Computer Conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 17(4). https://doi.org/10.2190/7MQV-X9UJ-C7Q3-NRAGHeiser, S., Stickler, U. & Furnborough, C. (2013). Student training in the use of an online synchronous conferencing tool. CALICO Journal, 30(2), 226-251. https://doi.org/10.11139/cj.30.2.226-251Johnson, D.W. & Johnson, R.T. (1999). Making cooperative learning work, Theory Into Practice, 38:2, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849909543834Kim, B., Tan, L., & Bielaczyc, K. (2015). Learner-generated designs in participatory culture: What they are and how they are shaping learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(5), 545-555. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2015.1067974Kimmerle, J., Moskaliuk, J., Brendle, D. & Cress, U. (2017). All in Good Time: Knowledge Introduction, Restructuring, and Development of Shared Opinions as Different Stages in Collaborative Writing. International Journal of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. 12(2), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-017-9258-6Laferriere, T., Law, N. & Montaine, M. (2012). An International Knowledge Building Network for Sustainable Curriculum and Pedagogical Information. International Education Studies, 5(3), 148-160. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v5n3p148Montane, M., Amaros, C. & Gisbert, M. (2017). The COMknowledge project: evaluation of methodological aspects of the project based on pupils' perceptions. Unpublished conference paper.Moss, J. & Beatty, R. (2006). Knowledge building in mathematics: Supporting collaborative learning in pattern problems. International Journal of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 1(4), 441- 465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-006-9003-zNami, F, Marandi, S.S., Sotoudehnama, E., (2018). Interaction in a discussion list: An exploration of cognitive, social, and teaching presence in teachers' online collaborations. ReCALL,30(3), 375-398. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344017000349Paavola, S., Lipponen, L. & Hakkarainen, K. (2004). Models of Innovative Knowledge Communities and Three Metaphors of Learning. Review of Educational Research. 74(4), 557-576. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074004557Scardamalia, M. & Bereiter, C. (1991). Higher levels of agency for children in knowledge building: A challenge for the design of new knowledge media. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 1,37-68. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0101_3Scardamalia, M. & Bereiter, C. (1994). Computer Support for Knowledge Based Communities. Journal of the Learning Sciences 3(3), 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0303_3Scardamalia, M. & Bereiter, C. (2006). Knowledge building: Theory, Pedagogy, and Technology. In K. Sawyer (Ed.) Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, pp. 97-118. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139519526.025Scardamalia, M., Bereiter, C., Brett, C., Burtis, P.J., Calhoun, C., & Smith Lea, N. (1992). Educational applications of networked communal database. Interactive Learning Environments. 2(1), 45-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/1049482920020105Sun, Y., Franklin, T. & Gao, F. (2015). Learning Outside of Classroom: Exploring the Active Part of an Informal Online English Learning Community in China. British Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12340Thorne, S., Black, R. W. & Sykes, J. M. (2009). Second language use, socialization, and learning in internet interest communities and online gaming. The Modern Language Journal, 93(1), 802-821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00974.xYim, S., Warschauer, M., (2017). Web-Based Collaborative Writing in L2 Contexts: Methodological Insights From Text Mining. Language Learning & Technology, 21(1), 146-165. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/44599/1/21_01_yimwarschauer.pdfZhan, Z., Xu, F. & Ye, H. (2011). Effects of an online learning community on active and reflective learners' learning performance and attitudes in a face-to-face undergraduate course. Computers & Education, 56(4), 961- 968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.11.01

The scale and the causes of the orphan works issue in the historical context

Analysis of principles of copyright and positions of representatives of philosophical thought evolving over the centuries, appointed to justify the establishment of copyright, leads to the conclusion that there has not always existed the possibility to orphan a work. The creation of the problem of orphan works is closely connected strictly with changing paradigms of orphan works. There is the correlation between the age of work and the scale of orphan works – the older the work, the more likely that you will not be able to establish proper communication with the holder of the copyrights. Resulting from the Berne Convention the principle of non-formalism in copyrights protection is a challenge for the modern science of intellectual property rights. It remains an open question about the possibility of dynamic interpretation of treaty solutions by taking into account, in particular, a teleological interpretation and recognition ensuring the fullest possible protection of authors of works as that of the main aim of the creators of an international agreement from the nineteenth century. The changing conditions of exploitation of works in the age of development of technology could be invoked to justify the introduction of certain formalities to ensure effective mechanisms of copyrights protection and to prevent the phenomenon of orphan [email protected] w BiałymstokuBanasiuk J., The requirement of a diligent search for the rights-holder as a central element of the institution of orphan work, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Prace z Prawa Własności Intelektualnej” 2016, z. 132, s. 7 i n.Brito J., Dooling B., An orphan works affirmative defense to copyright infringement actions, „Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review” 2005, nr 12.Bronder V., Saving the Right Orphans: The Special Case of Unpublished Orphan Works, “Columbian Journal of Law & The Arts” 2008, nr 31.Bunce A., British Invasion: Importing The United Kongdom’s Orphan Works solution to United States Copyright Law, „Northwestern University Law Review” 2014, t. 108, nr 1.Copyright, and the Regulation of Orphan Works: A comparative review of seven jurisdictions and a rights clearance simulation, Research commissioned by the Intellectual Property Office, and carried out by: Marcella Favale, Fabian Homberg, Martin Kretschmer, Dinusha Mendis and Davide Secchi, 2013/31, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/312779/ipresearch-orphan-201307.pdf (03.06.2015).Copyright Reform and the Takings Clause. Can Congress retroactively shorten the copyright term?, “Harvard Law Review” 2015, t. 128, nr 3.Dietz C., Werkintegritätsschutz im deutschen und US-amerikanischen Recht, Berlin 2009.Durantaye K. de la, Finding a Home for Orphans: Google Book Search and Orphan Works Law in the United States and Europe, Fordham Intellectual Property, “Media & Entertainment Law Journal” 2011, nr 21.Durantaye K. de la, How to Build an Orphanage, and Why, “Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law” 2011, t. 2.Final Report on Digital Preservation, Orphan Works, and Out-of-Print Works, i2010: Digital Libraries High Level Expert Group – Copyright Subgroup, http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/digital_libraries/experts/hleg/index_en.htm.Gompel S. van, Formalities in Copyright Law: An Analysis of their History, “Rationales and Possible Future” 2011, nr 296.Grages J. M., Verwaiste Werke. Lizenzierung in Abwesenheit des Rechtsinhabers, Tybinga 2013.Hansen D. R., Hashimoto K., Hinze G., Samuelson P., Urban J. M., Solving the Orphan Works Problem for the United States, “Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts” 2013, t. 37, nr 1.Hishinuma T., Orphan works: vitalization, modification, and creation of an international norm, “Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice” 2012, t. 7, nr 6.Jänich V., Geistiges Eigentum: eine Komplementärerscheinung zum Sacheigentum?, Tubingen 2002.Lifshitz-Goldberg Y., Orphan Works WIPO Seminar – May 2010 Lecture Summary, www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/sme/en/wipo_smes_ge_10/wipo_smes_ge_10_ref_theme11_02.pdf.Lu B., The orphan works copyright issue: Suggestions for international response, “Journal of the Copyright Society U.S.A.”, Spring 2013, s. 256-257.Lüder T., The “orphan works” challenge, GRUR Int. 2010, nr 8-9, s. 677.Mausner J. O., Copyright Orphan Works: A Multi-Prolonged Solution to Solve a Harmful Market Inefficiency, “Journal of Technology Law & Policy” 2007, nr 12.Michalak A., Kierunki implementacji dyrektywy 2012/28/UE (dzieła osierocone) do prawa polskiego, „Europejski Przegląd Sądowy” 2013, nr 10.Möller F., Verwaiste Werke. Eine Analyse aus internationaler Perspektive, UFITA-Schriftenreihe t. 272, Baden-Baden 2013.Peifer K. N., A legal view of selected aspects and the development of Digital Europe, “Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht Internationaler Teil”.Report on Orphan Works, A Report of the Register of Copyrights. January 2006.Response by the Cornell University Library to the Notice of Inquiry Concerning Orphan Works, 70 FR 3739 January 26, 2005, http://scireg.org/us_copyright_registration/orphan/comments/OW0569-Thomas.pdf (03.06.2015).Response to Notice of Inquiry about Orphan Works, Federal Register (January 26, 2005), Vol. 70, No. 16: 3739-3743, http://www.copyright.gov/orphan/comments/OW0537-CarnegieMellon.pdf (28.07.2015).Springman C., Reform(aliz)ing Copyright, “Stanford Law Review” 2004, nr 57.Stanisławska-Kloc S., Utwory „osierocone“, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. PWiOWI” 2007, z. 100.Statement of Marybeth Peters The Register of Copyrights before the Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property, Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives 110th Congress, 2nd Session. March 13, 2008 The “Orphan Works” Problem and Proposed Legislation, http://www.copyright.gov/docs/regstat031308.html.The European Digital Libraries Initiative, Sector-Specific Guidelines on Due Diligence Criteria for Orphan Works (2008).Tomczyk S., Czas trwania autorskich praw majątkowych, [w:] Ustawa o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych. Komentarz, red. E. Ferenc-Szydełko, Warszawa 2014.Ulmer E., Urheber- und Verlagsrecht, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1980.United States Copyright Office. Orphan Works and Mass Digitalization. A Report of the Register of Copyrights, June 2015.Vuopala A., Assessment of the Orphan works issue and Costs for Rights Clearance, European Commission DG Information Society and Media Unit E4 Access to Information, May 2010.155-18

Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector

[EN] The retail distribution sector is facing a difficult time as the current landscape is characterized by ever-increasing competition. In these conditions, the search for an appropriate location strategy has the potential to become a differentiating and competitive factor. Although, in theory, an increasing level of importance is placed on geography because of its key role in understanding the success of a business, this is not the case in practice. For this reason, the process outlined in this paper has been specifically developed to detect new business locations. The methodology consists of a range of analyzes with Geographical Information Systems (GISs) from a marketing point of view. This new approach is called geomarketing. First, geodemand and geocompetition are located on two separate digital maps using spatial and non-spatial databases. Second, a third map is obtained by matching this information with the demand not dealt with properly by the current commercial offer. Third, the Kernel density allows users to visualize results, thus facilitating decision-making by managers, regardless of their professional background. The advantage of this methodology is the capacity of GIS to handle large amounts of information, both spatial and non-spatial. A practical application is performed in Murcia (Spain) with 100 supermarkets and data at a city block level, which is the highest possible level of detail. This detection process can be used in any commercial distribution company, so it can be generalized and considered a global solution for retailers.Roig Tierno, H.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Buitrago Vera, JM. (2013). Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector. Global Business Perspectives. 1(3):226-238. doi:10.1007/s40196-013-0015-6S22623813Alarcón, S. (2011). The trade credit in the Spanish agrofood industry. Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment (New Medit), 10(2), 51–57.Alcaide, J. 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Information Technology Applications in Hospitality and Tourism: A Review of Publications from 2005 to 2007

The tourism and hospitality industries have widely adopted information technology (IT) to reduce costs, enhance operational efficiency, and most importantly to improve service quality and customer experience. This article offers a comprehensive review of articles that were published in 57 tourism and hospitality research journals from 2005 to 2007. Grouping the findings into the categories of consumers, technologies, and suppliers, the article sheds light on the evolution of IT applications in the tourism and hospitality industries. The article demonstrates that IT is increasingly becoming critical for the competitive operations of the tourism and hospitality organizations as well as for managing the distribution and marketing of organizations on a global scale