34 research outputs found

    Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of invariant algebraic curves

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    We present a set of conditions enabling a polynomial system of ordinary differential equations in the plane to have invariant algebraic curves. These conditions are necessary and sufficient. Our main tools include factorizations over the field of Puiseux series near infinity of bivariate polynomials generating invariant algebraic curves. The set of conditions can be algorithmically verified. This fact gives rise to a method, which is able not only to find some irreducible invariant algebraic curves, but also to perform their classification. We study in details the problem of classifying invariant algebraic curves in the most difficult case: we consider differential systems with infinite number of trajectories passing through infinity. As an example, we find necessary and sufficient conditions such that a general polynomial Liénard differential system has invariant algebraic curves. We present a set of all irreducible invariant algebraic curves for quintic Liénard differential systems with a linear damping function. It is supposed in scientific literature that the degrees of their irreducible invariant algebraic curves are bounded by 6. While we derive irreducible invariant algebraic curves of degree 9

    Complex oscillations with multiple timescales - Application to neuronal dynamics

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    The results gathered in this thesis deal with multiple time scale dynamical systems near non-hyperbolic points, giving rise to canard-type solutions, in systems of dimension 2, 3 and 4. Bifurcation theory and numerical continuation methods adapted for such systems are used to analyse canard cycles as well as canard-induced complex oscillations in three-dimensional systems. Two families of such complex oscillations are considered: mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) in systems with two slow variables, and bursting oscillations in systems with two fast variables. In the last chapter, we present recent results on systems with two slow and two fast variables, where both MMO-type dynamics and bursting-type dynamics can arise and where complex oscillations are also organised by canard solutions. The main application area that we consider here is that of neuroscience, more precisely low-dimensional point models of neurons displaying both sub-threshold and spiking behaviour. We focus on analysing how canard objects allow to control the oscillatory patterns observed in these neuron models, in particular the crossings of excitability thresholds

    Qualitative Analysis of Solutions to the Semiclassical Einstein Equation in homogeneous and isotropic Spacetimes

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    In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Methoden aus der Theorie der dynamischen Systeme verwendet, um das qualitative Verhalten von Lösungen der semiklassischen Einsteingleichung fĂŒr Friedmann-LamaĂźtre-Robertson-Walker Raumzeiten zu untersuchen. Es werden ausschließlich masselose und konform gekoppelte Quantenfelder betrachtet. Bei der Renormierung des Energie-Impuls-Tensors solcher Quantenfelder treten AmbiguitĂ€ten auf, die sich als freie Parameter in der semiklassischen Einsteingleichung manifestieren. Mit Hilfe der Theorie der dynamischen Systeme ist es möglich, Lösungen nach ihren qualitativen Verhalten zu klassifizieren und dadurch Argumente fĂŒr oder gegen bestimmte Werte der Renormierungskonstanten herauszuarbeiten. Befindet sich das Quantenfeld im konformen Vakuumzustand, erhĂ€lt man ein zweidimensionales dynamisches System. FĂŒr dieses dynamische System werden die strukturell stabilen FĂ€lle und Bifurkationsdiagramme herausgearbeitet, sowie das globale StabilitĂ€tsverhalten der Minkowski und De-Sitter Gleichgewichtspunkte. Mittels dieser Analyse wird das qualitative Verhalten der semiklassischenLösungen mit dem qualitativen Verhalten der Lösungen des Lambda-CDM Modells der Kosmologie verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass das semiklassische Modell in der Lage ist das qualitative Verhalten von Lösungen des klassischen Lambda-CDM Modells wiederzugeben. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, das im Vakuumfall Lösungen existieren, welche sich, im Gegensatz zu Lösungen des klassischen Lambda-CDM Modells, im Allgemeinen nicht eindeutig durch ihre Anfangsdaten bestimmen lassen. Um dieses atypische Verhalten aufzulösen mĂŒssen die Trajektorien dieser Lösungen in einem dreidimensionalen Phasenraum betrachtet werden.Das entsprechende dreidimensionale dynamische System beschreibt das dynamische Verhalten der Lösungen fĂŒr beliebige QuantenzustĂ€nde. FĂŒr allgemeine QuantenzustĂ€nde wird die lokale (Lyapunov-) StabilitĂ€t der Gleichgewichtspunkte untersucht und fĂŒr eine spezielle Wahl der Renormierungskonstanten und des Quantenzustandes neue Lösungen gefunden und mit Lösungen des klassischen Lambda-CDM Modells verglichen. Auch hier besteht eine qualitative Äquivalenz

    Notes in Pure Mathematics & Mathematical Structures in Physics

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    These Notes deal with various areas of mathematics, and seek reciprocal combinations, explore mutual relations, ranging from abstract objects to problems in physics.Comment: Small improvements and addition

    Advances in Fundamental Physics

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    This Special Issue celebrates the opening of a new section of the journal Foundation: Physical Sciences. Theoretical and experimental studies related to various areas of fundamental physics are presented in this Special Issue. The published papers are related to the following topics: dark matter, electron impact excitation, second flavor of hydrogen atoms, quantum antenna, molecular hydrogen, molecular hydrogen ion, wave pulses, Brans-Dicke theory, hydrogen Rydberg atom, high-frequency laser field, relativistic mean field formalism, nonlocal continuum field theories, parallel universe, charge exchange, van der Waals broadening, greenhouse effect, strange and unipolar electromagnetic pulses, quasicrystals, Wilhelm-Weber’s electromagnetic force law, axions, photoluminescence, neutron stars, gravitational waves, diatomic molecular spectroscopy, information geometric measures of complexity. Among 21 papers published in this Special Issue, there are 5 reviews and 16 original research papers

    Bifurcation analysis of the Topp model

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    In this paper, we study the 3-dimensional Topp model for the dynamicsof diabetes. We show that for suitable parameter values an equilibrium of this modelbifurcates through a Hopf-saddle-node bifurcation. Numerical analysis suggests thatnear this point Shilnikov homoclinic orbits exist. In addition, chaotic attractors arisethrough period doubling cascades of limit cycles.Keywords Dynamics of diabetes · Topp model · Reduced planar quartic Toppsystem · Singular point · Limit cycle · Hopf-saddle-node bifurcation · Perioddoubling bifurcation · Shilnikov homoclinic orbit · Chao
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