70 research outputs found
A Framework for Normative MultiAgent Organisations
The social and organisational aspects of agency have led to a good amount of theoretical work in terms of formal models and theories. From these different works normative multiagent systems and multiagent organisations are particularily considered in this paper. Embodying such models and theories in the conception and engineering of proper infrastructures that achieve requirements of openness and adaptation, is still an open issue. In this direction, this paper presents and discusses a framework for normative multiagent organisations. Based on the Agents and Artifacts meta-model (A&A), it introduces organisational artifacts as first class entities to instrument the normative organisation for supporting agents activities within it
Organization of Multi-Agent Systems: An Overview
In complex, open, and heterogeneous environments, agents must be able to
reorganize towards the most appropriate organizations to adapt unpredictable
environment changes within Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). Types of reorganization
can be seen from two different levels. The individual agents level
(micro-level) in which an agent changes its behaviors and interactions with
other agents to adapt its local environment. And the organizational level
(macro-level) in which the whole system changes it structure by adding or
removing agents. This chapter is dedicated to overview different aspects of
what is called MAS Organization including its motivations, paradigms, models,
and techniques adopted for statically or dynamically organizing agents in MAS.Comment: 12 page
Regulated MAS: Social Perspective
This chapter addresses the problem of building normative multi-agent systems in terms of regulatory mechanisms. It describes a static conceptual model through which one can specify normative multi-agent systems along with a dynamic model to capture their operation and evolution. The chapter proposes a typology of applications and presents some open problems. In the last section, the authors express their individual views on these mattersMunindar Singh’s effort was partially supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant W911NF-08-1-0105. The content of this paper does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Government; no official endorsement should be inferred or implied. Nicoletta Fornara’s effort is supported by the Hasler Foundation project nr. 11115-KG and
by the SER project nr. C08.0114 within the COST Action IC0801 Agreement Technologies. Henrique Lopes Cardoso’s effort is supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), under project PTDC/EIA-EIA/104420/2008. Pablo Noriega’s effort has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through the Agreement Technologies CONSOLIDER project under contract CSD2007-0022, and the Generalitat of Catalunya grant 2009-SGR-1434.Peer Reviewe
Proceedings of The Multi-Agent Logics, Languages, and Organisations Federated Workshops (MALLOW 2010)
http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-627/allproceedings.pdfInternational audienceMALLOW-2010 is a third edition of a series initiated in 2007 in Durham, and pursued in 2009 in Turin. The objective, as initially stated, is to "provide a venue where: the cost of participation was minimum; participants were able to attend various workshops, so fostering collaboration and cross-fertilization; there was a friendly atmosphere and plenty of time for networking, by maximizing the time participants spent together"
Integrating driving forces into the development of Adaptive Virtual Organizations
Organizations have become the backbone of the society. Humans live around
all kinds of organizations, such as neighborhood communities, businesses, schools,
unions, political, sports, and religious organizations, etc. These organizations have
a set of members, each playing a specific role, which determines their duties and
functionalities within the organization. One of these functionalities is to offer a
range of services to members of the organization and external people. These members
must follow a set of norms to ensure the proper functioning of the organization
and should pursue the global goals of the organization.
A feature that is repeated in organizations is that they are not static but
dynamic, resulting in changes in both its structure and the way in which they
behave. In an organization, any of its elements is prone to change due to situations
that occur in the organization itself or its environment. Researchers in the field
of social sciences and organizations have studied such situations, the reasons why
they appear and solutions and actions to be taken to ensure that this situation
does not damage the organization or to take advantage of the situation. These
situations are known as ‘Forces that drive organizational change’.
Human organizations are the main source of inspiration for the Multi-Agent
Systems (MAS) based on organizations. These systems are computational abstractions
that are populated by agents instead of people, but take into account
organizational elements such as roles, services, goals, norms, etc. However, the
proposals that have been presented up to now to define this type of MAS are focused
mostly on static systems, without changes in its structure. Moreover, in the
few proposals that take into account organizational changes, they just state that
changes occur, but without specifying the reason for change. Thus, the concept of
‘forces that drive organizational change’ (and their features) is not considered.
Therefore, the objective of this PhD thesis is to translate the knowledge of the
forces that drive organizational change available in human organizations to MASbased
organizations. These forces will be formally expressed with the factors that
help to detect them. The solutions to be taken when a force is detected will also
be presented. To correctly perform this task, a formalization for virtual organizations
is designed, named Virtual Organization Formalization (VOF). Moreover,
the Artifacts for Organizational Mechanisms are proposed, which are a tool to
help in the representation of organizational knowledge and in the modeling of the
environment of the organization. This tool is based on the Agents & Artifacts
(A&A) framework.Esparcia GarcÃa, S. (2015). Integrating driving forces into the development of Adaptive Virtual Organizations [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48538TESI
TRAMMAS: Enhancing Communication in Multiagent Systems
Tesis por compendio[EN] Over the last years, multiagent systems have been proven to be a powerful and versatile paradigm, with a big
potential when it comes to solving complex problems in dynamic and distributed environments, due to their flexible
and adaptive behavior. This potential does not only come from the individual features of agents (such as autonomy,
reactivity or reasoning power), but also to their capability to communicate, cooperate and coordinate in order to
fulfill their goals. In fact, it is this social behavior what makes multiagent systems so powerful, much more than the
individual capabilities of agents.
The social behavior of multiagent systems is usually developed by means of high
level abstractions, protocols and languages, which normally rely on (or at least, benefit from) agents being able to
communicate and interact indirectly. However, in the development process, such high level concepts habitually
become weakly supported, with mechanisms such as traditional messaging, massive broadcasting, blackboard
systems or ad hoc solutions. This lack of an appropriate way to support indirect communication in actual multiagent
systems compromises their potential.
This PhD thesis proposes the use of event tracing as a flexible, effective and efficient support for indirect interaction
and communication in multiagent systems. The main contribution of this thesis is TRAMMAS, a generic, abstract
model for event tracing support in multiagent systems. The model allows all entities in the system to share their
information as trace events, so that any other entity which require this information is able to receive it. Along with
the model, the thesis also presents an abstract architecture, which redefines the model in terms of a set of tracing
facilities that can be then easily incorporated to an actual multiagent platform. This architecture follows a
service-oriented approach, so that the tracing facilities are provided in the same way than other traditional services
offered by the platform. In this way, event tracing can be considered as an additional information provider for
entities in the multiagent system, and as such, it can be integrated from the earliest stages of the development
process.[ES] A lo largo de los últimos años, los sistemas multiagente han demostrado ser un paradigma potente y versátil,
con un gran potencial a la hora de resolver problemas complejos en entornos dinámicos y distribuidos, gracias a
su comportamiento flexible y adaptativo. Este potencial no es debido únicamente a las caracterÃsticas individuales
de los agentes (como son su autonomÃa, y su capacidades de reacción y de razonamiento), sino que también se
debe a su capacidad de comunicación y cooperación a la hora de conseguir sus objetivos. De hecho, por encima
de la capacidad individual de los agentes, es este comportamiento social el que dota de potencial a los sistemas
multiagente.
El comportamiento social de los sistemas multiagente suele desarrollarse empleando abstracciones, protocolos y
lenguajes de alto nivel, los cuales, a su vez, se basan normalmente en la capacidad para comunicarse e
interactuar de manera indirecta de los agentes (o como mÃnimo, se benefician en gran medida de dicha
capacidad). Sin embargo, en el proceso de desarrollo software, estos conceptos de alto nivel son soportados
habitualmente de manera débil, mediante mecanismos como la mensajerÃa tradicional, la difusión masiva, o el uso
de pizarras, o mediante soluciones totalmente ad hoc. Esta carencia de un soporte genérico y apropiado para la
comunicación indirecta en los sistemas multiagente reales compromete su potencial.
Esta tesis doctoral propone el uso del trazado de eventos como un soporte flexible, efectivo y eficiente para la
comunicación indirecta en sistemas multiagente. La principal contribución de esta tesis es TRAMMAS, un modelo
genérico y abstracto para dar soporte al trazado de eventos en sistemas multiagente. El modelo permite a
cualquier entidad del sistema compartir su información en forma de eventos de traza, de tal manera que cualquier
otra entidad que requiera esta información sea capaz de recibirla. Junto con el modelo, la tesis también presenta
una arquitectura {abs}{trac}{ta}, que redefine el modelo como un conjunto de funcionalidades que pueden ser
fácilmente incorporadas a una plataforma multiagente real. Esta arquitectura sigue un enfoque orientado a
servicios, de modo que las funcionalidades de traza son ofrecidas por parte de la plataforma de manera similar a
los servicios tradicionales. De esta forma, el trazado de eventos puede ser considerado como una fuente adicional
de información para las entidades del sistema multiagente y, como tal, puede integrarse en el proceso de
desarrollo software desde sus primeras etapas.[CA] Al llarg dels últims anys, els sistemes multiagent han demostrat ser un paradigma potent i versà til, amb un gran
potencial a l'hora de resoldre problemes complexes a entorns dinà mics i distribuïts, grà cies al seu comportament
flexible i adaptatiu. Aquest potencial no és només degut a les caracterÃstiques individuals dels agents (com són la
seua autonomia, i les capacitats de reacció i raonament), sinó també a la seua capacitat de comunicació i
cooperació a l'hora d'aconseguir els seus objectius. De fet, per damunt de la capacitat individual dels agents, es
aquest comportament social el que dóna potencial als sistemes multiagent.
El comportament social dels sistemes multiagent solen desenvolupar-se utilitzant abstraccions, protocols i
llenguatges d'alt nivell, els quals, al seu torn, es basen normalment a la capacitat dels agents de comunicar-se i
interactuar de manera indirecta (o com a mÃnim, es beneficien en gran mesura d'aquesta capacitat). Tanmateix, al
procés de desenvolupament software, aquests conceptes d'alt nivell son suportats habitualment d'una manera
dèbil, mitjançant mecanismes com la missatgeria tradicional, la difusió massiva o l'ús de pissarres, o mitjançant
solucions totalment ad hoc. Aquesta carència d'un suport genèric i apropiat per a la comunicació indirecta als
sistemes multiagent reals compromet el seu potencial.
Aquesta tesi doctoral proposa l'ús del traçat d'esdeveniments com un suport flexible, efectiu i eficient per a la
comunicació indirecta a sistemes multiagent. La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi és TRAMMAS, un model
genèric i abstracte per a donar suport al traçat d'esdeveniments a sistemes multiagent. El model permet a
qualsevol entitat del sistema compartir la seua informació amb la forma d'esdeveniments de traça, de tal forma que
qualsevol altra entitat que necessite aquesta informació siga capaç de rebre-la. Junt amb el model, la tesi també
presenta una arquitectura abstracta, que redefineix el model com un conjunt de funcionalitats que poden ser
fà cilment incorporades a una plataforma multiagent real. Aquesta arquitectura segueix un enfoc orientat a serveis,
de manera que les funcionalitats de traça són oferides per part de la plataforma de manera similar als serveis
tradicionals. D'aquesta manera, el traçat d'esdeveniments pot ser considerat com una font addicional d'informació
per a les entitats del sistema multiagent, i com a tal, pot integrar-se al procés de desenvolupament software des de
les seues primeres etapes.Búrdalo Rapa, LA. (2016). TRAMMAS: Enhancing Communication in Multiagent Systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61765TESISCompendi
Security Mechanisms for Workflows in Service-Oriented Architectures
Die Arbeit untersucht, wie sich Unterstützung für Sicherheit und Identitätsmanagement in ein Workflow-Management-System integrieren lässt. Basierend auf einer Anforderungsanalyse anhand eines Beispiels aus der beruflichen Weiterbildung und einem Abgleich mit dem Stand der Technik wird eine Architektur für die sichere Ausführung von Workflows und die Integration mit Identitätsmanagement-Systemen entwickelt, die neue Anwendungen mit verbesserter Sicherheit und Privatsphäre ermöglicht
J-model: an open and social ensemble learning architecture for classification
Ensemble learning is a promising direction of research in machine learning, in which an ensemble
classifier gives better predictive and more robust performance for classification problems
by combining other learners. Meanwhile agent-based systems provide frameworks to
share knowledge from multiple agents in an open context. This thesis combines multi-agent
knowledge sharing with ensemble methods to produce a new style of learning system for open
environments.
We now are surrounded by many smart objects such as wireless sensors, ambient communication
devices, mobile medical devices and even information supplied via other humans. When
we coordinate smart objects properly, we can produce a form of collective intelligence from
their collaboration. Traditional ensemble methods and agent-based systems have complementary
advantages and disadvantages in this context. Traditional ensemble methods show better
classification performance, while agent-based systems might not guarantee their performance
for classification. Traditional ensemble methods work as closed and centralised systems
(so they cannot handle classifiers in an open context), while agent-based systems are natural
vehicles for classifiers in an open context.
We designed an open and social ensemble learning architecture, named J-model, to merge the
conflicting benefits of the two research domains. The J-model architecture is based on a service
choreography approach for coordinating classifiers. Coordination protocols are defined by
interaction models that describe how classifiers will interact with one another in a peer-to-peer
manner. The peer ranking algorithm recommends more appropriate classifiers to participate in
an interaction model to boost the success rate of results of their interactions. Coordinated participant
classifiers who are recommended by the peer ranking algorithm become an ensemble
classifier within J-model.
We evaluated J-model’s classification performance with 13 UCI machine learning benchmark
data sets and a virtual screening problem as a realistic classification problem. J-model showed
better performance of accuracy, for 9 benchmark sets out of 13 data sets, than 8 other representative
traditional ensemble methods. J-model gave better results of specificity for 7 benchmark
sets. In the virtual screening problem, J-model gave better results for 12 out of 16 bioassays
than already published results. We defined different interaction models for each specific classification
task and the peer ranking algorithm was used across all the interaction models.
Our research contributions to knowledge are as follows. First, we showed that service choreography
can be an effective ensemble coordination method for classifiers in an open context. Second, we used interaction models that implement task specific coordinations of classifiers to
solve a variety of representative classification problems. Third, we designed the peer ranking
algorithm which is generally and independently applicable to the task of recommending appropriate
member classifiers from a classifier pool based on an open pool of interaction models
and classifiers
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