3D Radio and X-Ray Modeling and Data Analysis Software: Revealing Flare Complexity

We have undertaken a major enhancement of our IDL-based simulation tools developed earlier for modeling microwave and X-ray emission. The object-based architecture provides an interactive graphical user interface that allows the user to import photospheric magnetic field maps and perform magnetic field extrapolations to almost instantly generate 3D magnetic field models, to investigate the magnetic topology of these models by interactively creating magnetic field lines and associated magnetic flux tubes, to populate the flux tubes with user-defined nonuniform thermal plasma and anisotropic, nonuniform, nonthermal electron distributions; to investigate the spatial and spectral properties of radio and X-ray emission calculated from the model, and to compare the model-derived images and spectra with observational data. The application integrates shared-object libraries containing fast gyrosynchrotron emission codes developed in FORTRAN and C++, soft and hard X-ray codes developed in IDL, a FORTRAN-based potential-field extrapolation routine and an IDL-based linear force free field extrapolation routine. The interactive interface allows users to add any user-defined radiation code that adheres to our interface standards, as well as user-defined magnetic field extrapolation routines. Here we use this tool to analyze a simple single-loop flare and use the model to constrain the 3D structure of the magnetic flaring loop and 3D spatial distribution of the fast electrons inside this loop. We iteratively compute multi-frequency microwave and multi-energy X-ray images from realistic magnetic fluxtubes obtained from an extrapolation of a magnetogram taken prior to the flare, and compare them with imaging data obtained by SDO, NoRH, and RHESSI instruments. We use this event to illustrate use of the tool for general interpretation of solar flares to address disparate problems in solar physics.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, ApJ accepte

Self-consistent modelling of the dust component in protoplanetary and circumplanetary disks: the case of PDS 70

Direct observations of young stellar objects are important to test established theories of planet formation. PDS 70 is one of the few cases where robust evidence favours the presence of two planetary mass companions inside the gap of the transition disk. Those planets are believed to be going through the last stages of accretion from the protoplanetary disk, a process likely mediated by a circumplanetary disk (CPD). We aim to develop a three dimensional radiative transfer model for the dust component of the PDS 70 system which reproduces the system's global features observed at two different wavelengths: 855 $\mu\, \mathrm{m}$ with ALMA and 1.25 $\mu\, \mathrm{m}$ with VLT/SPHERE. We use this model to investigate the physical properties of the planetary companion PDS 70 c and its potential circumplanetary disk. We select initial values for the physical properties of the planet and CPD through appropriate assumptions about the nature and evolutionary stage of the object. We modify iteratively the properties of the protoplanetary disk until the predictions retrieved from the model are consistent with both data sets. We provide a model that jointly explains the global features of the PDS 70 system seen in submillimeter and polarised-scattered light. Our model suggests that spatial segregation of dust grains is present in the protoplanetary disk. The submillimeter modelling of the PDS 70 c source favours the presence of an optically thick CPD and places an upper limit to its dust mass of 0.7 $M_\oplus$. Furthermore, analysis of the thermal structure of the CPD demonstrates that the planet luminosity is the dominant heating mechanism of dust grains inside 0.6 au from the planet while heating by stellar photons dominates at larger planetocentric distances.Comment: accepted for publication in A&

Three Lyα Emitting Galaxies within a Quasar Proximity Zone at z ~ 5.8

Quasar proximity zones at z > 5.5 correspond to overdense and overionized environments. Galaxies found inside proximity zones can therefore display features that would otherwise be masked by absorption in the intergalactic medium. We demonstrate the utility of this quasar-galaxy synergy by reporting the discovery of the first three “proximate Lyα emitters” (LAEs) within the proximity zone of quasar J0836+0054 at z = 5.795 (Aerith A, B, and C). Aerith A, located behind the quasar with an impact parameter D^{\perp} = 278 \pm 8 pkpc, provides the first detection of an Lyα transverse proximity effect. We model the transmission and show that it constrains the onset of J0836ʼs quasar phase to 0.2Myr < 28Myr < t in the past. The second object, Aerith B at a distance D < 912 pkpc from the quasar, displays a bright and broad double-peaked Lyα emission line. The peak separation implies a low ionizing f_{esc} \leqslant 1%. We fit the Lyα line with an outflowing shell model, finding a typical central density log N_{HI}/cm^{-2} = 19.3_{-0.2}^{+0.8}, outflow velocity v_{out} = 16_{-11}^{+4}km s^{-1}, and gas temperature log T/K = 3.8_{-0.7}^{+0.8} compared to 2 < z < 3 analog LAEs. We detect object Aerith C via an Lyα emission line at z = 5.726. This corresponds with the edge of the quasar’s proximity zone (Dz < 0.02), suggesting that the proximity zone is truncated by a density fluctuation. Via the analyses conducted here, we illustrate how proximate LAEs offer unique insight into the ionizing properties of both quasars and galaxies during hydrogen reionization

Kajian Kenyamanan Termal Pada Rumah Tinggal Dengan Model Innercourt

. Since end of 20th century, cities in the world have been hit by global warming. To overcome this condition, tropical house of community of the city have used artificial thermal system to get thermal comfort such as Air Conditioner, ceiling fan as well as fan. This methods will give another impact of waste energy and supporting worst global warming. Generally, a house has a front and rear yard in the building and spaces inside the house have made separately enclosed. To get thermal comfort naturally, thus it should be planned to have air circulation from outside to inside the house through windows and doors at the front and the rear of the house. There area some methods to get thermal comfort beside using doors and windows, such as providing waters inside the house (pools and fountain) as well as air chimney. The object of the research has been regarded as an old house belong to Chinese which had been renovated in 1912. This house is located at the area of Pasar Gede which known as China Town (Pecinan). The aim of this research is to create design concept which could solve a problem of thermal comfort within houses in the crowded cities by testing and assessing thermal comfort of houses with innercourt model. This research will be completed by measuring the temperature within the house, humidity and speed of the wind at terrace area, innercourt and space within the house. Measuring instrument that has been used is a digital model LM-81HT and LM-81AM. Measurement has been completed on 16th September 2013, time 11.30-12.30 WIB. The result of the research has shown that innercourt media has an significant role within house. There are significant changes on the first floor, temperature of this floor has decreased to 4°C. On the other hand, on second floor the temperature has decreased to 2°C. And on third floor the temperature is remain the same with the outside of the house

Extracting Object Oriented Software Architecture from C++ Source Code

Software architecture strongly influences the ability to satisfy quality attributes such as modifiability, performance, and security. It is important to be able to analyse and extract information about that architecture. However, architectural documentation frequently does not exist, and when it does, it is often out of sync with the implemented system. In addition, it is not all that software development begins with a clean slate; systems are almost always constrained by the existing legacy code. As a consequence, there is a need to extract information from existing system implementations and reason architecturally about this information. This research presents a reverse engineering tool VOO++ that will read an Object- Oriented C++ source code using UML notation in order to visualise its Class structure and the various relationships that may exist including, inheritance, aggregation, and dependency relationships based on the modified Cohen-Sutherland clipping algorithm. The idea of clipping is reversed, instead of clipping inside the rectangle, the clipping is done out side the rectangle in terms of four directions (left, right, top, and bottom) and two points represent the centre point for each rectangle. An Object-Oriented approach is used to design and implement the tool. Reverse engineering, design pattern, and graphics are the underlying techniques supplied. VOO++ aids an analyst in extracting, manipulating and interpreting the Object-Oriented static model information. By assisting in the reconstruction of static architectures from extracted information, VOO++ helps an analyst to redocument and understand architectures and discover the relationship between "as-implemented" and "asdesigned" architectures

Development and Validation of on-board systems control laws

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the tool and procedure developed in order to design the control laws of several UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) sub-systems. The authors designed and developed the logics governing: landing gear, nose wheel steering, wheel braking, and fuel system. Design/methodology/approach - This procedure is based on a general purpose, object-oriented, simulation tool. The development method used is based on three-steps. The main structure of the control laws is defined through flow charts; then the logics are ported to ANSI-C programming language; finally the code is implemented inside the status model. The status model is a Matlab-Simulink model, which uses an embedded Matlab-function to model the FCC (Flight Control Computer). The core block is linked with the components, but cannot access their internal model. Interfaces between FCCs and system components in the model reflect real system ones. Findings - The user verifies systems' reactions in real time, through the status model. Using block-oriented approach, development of the control laws and integration of several systems is faster. Practical implications - The tool aims to test and validate the control laws dynamically, helping specialists to find out odd logics or undesired responses, during the pre-design. Originality/value - The development team can test and verify the control laws in various failure scenarios. This tool allows more reliable and effective logics to be produced, which can be directly used on the system

Evaluation templates and fulfillment of the university formative objectives: diversification and transverselity of criteria in subjects of Spanish Language and Theory of Literature

In the different projects boarded in these last years by our group from educational innovation, attention to two lines of work has been lent that, applied to subjects integrated in the scopes of the study of the Spanish language and of the theory of Literature, were in our opinion essential to approach the new educative space in which we were immersed. In one first stage, it was fundamental the elaboration of educational materials and the use of heterogenous tools that allowed the student to make a pursuit of the subject in which the knowledge was acquired progressively. The space of the Virtual Campus thus becomes a valid platform for the development and design of different types from activities and exercises by means of which complementary tasks to actual teaching are approached. However, this development raises in one second phase –in which we were now– and almost simultaneously, the necessity to analyze the evaluation methods. Once established the continuous evaluation like fundamental criterion in the development of the subject, it is precise to establish general frames that allow at the same time student’s precise pursuit and transverselity between criteria of evaluation shared by several subjects. From these budgets, our work is centered in the creation of templates or model-cards model that identifie so much the evaluation criteria as the aptitudes that the students must surpass, to the object of which can serve as guide in their application to different disciplines. Therefore, on starting from the exercises designed in the first stage of the project, evaluative models are developed that allow to value the degree of assimilation and execution of the different objectives and contents.Example: Work in group and later exposition and discussions by the students: - Consisting of the putting in common of the results derived from the work in group or other individual derivatives of the theoretical and literary text commentary. - Cooperative learning: works in equipment, inside and outside the classroom. Objectives: to favor the doubt and exchange of information on the subjects debate object, besides to foment initiatives and the critical attitude of the students. - Justification: this type of exercises favors the formation of the student in two-way traffic. First, in as much it must construct his own speech, organize it, structure it and argue it for his putting in common before his companions. It facilitates the personal learning and the development of skills related to the construction, elaboration and written expression of different types from speech. The second, the exposition helps to develop skills and comunicative strategies, contributing to improve the oral expression. Finally, the coordination of the work of group causes a greater implication of the students in the process of elaboration and the final results, as much of the work written as of the oral presentation, without forgetting that the use of other resources (presentations, videos... etc.) by the students facilitates his familiarisation with educational and expositive techniques nearer the present contextInted2009 Proceedings C

Modelling plasticiser loss inside closed environments

Plasticiser loss, a fundamental mechanism in the degradation of polymeric materials, leads to material instability and contamination of the environment. The process depends on environmental conditions, but the size of the container in which an object is housed and the thickness of the material also play key roles in the rate of plasticiser loss and the time at which equilibrium is reached. Understanding these dependencies provides valuable insight into the degradation of plastic museum artefacts inside enclosures as typified by museum storage and, more broadly, the deterioration of polymeric materials in closed environments. Migration of low molecular weight plasticisers, like diethyl phthalate or dimethyl phthalate, from plastics has been widely studied in accelerated ageing experiments at elevated temperatures and different airflows. Here, to investigate these effects, we modelled plasticiser loss in a stagnant environment inside an enclosure at room temperature. Our model is one-dimensional and describes loss through a two-phase transient diffusion process, between the solid plastic and the air. The comparison of numerical simulations to FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic data from cellulose acetate samples plasticised with diethyl phthalate aged at T = 70 °C and 50% relative humidity indicates that the model is appropriate for thin enclosed plastics. We applied the model over a range of diffusion coefficients [10−21–10−14 m2 s−1] and partition coefficients [103–107] to represent different polymeric materials. Under the investigated scenarios, thin plastics tolerate a maximum total plasticiser loss of 10% and the timescales vary between 1 and 109 years. The model provides insight into the relationship between plasticiser loss, enclosure dimensions and material thickness for different plastics and can suggest how to improve packaging dimensions of thin plastic products to minimise loss, as well as future conservation strategies and guidelines for plastic museum artefacts

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates Subjected to Transverse Impact

An interest in the low velocity impact probkins has been revived with the advent of laminated composite materials and their increasing use in aerospace and other applications. The reason for this new activity is that despite certain advantages of these materials over more traditional materials, composites are known to be vulnerable to impact. Impacts may occur anywhere during manufacture, normal operations,or maintenance and may induce significant internal damage in the form of matrix cracking, delarnination or fibre breakage, that are undetectable by visual inspection and cause significant reductions in the strength and stability of the structure. In the present paper. a three-dimensional finite element and transient dynamic analysis of fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates (e.g. graphite/epoxy, glass/epoxy, etc.) subjected to transverse foreign object impact is performed. Layered version of eight-noded isoparametric brick element with incompatible modes is used to model the laminate. Transient dynamic equilibrium equation is integrated step-by-step with respect to time using Newmark direct time integration method. Non-linear contact law reported in literature is used to model the local contact behavior and the timevartiing contact force is calculated based on the relative displacement between impactor and laminate using Newton-Raphson method. Based on the finite element model, a versatile computer software was developed in C++ programming language using object- oriented approach. The software can be used to determine several results such as contact force history, displacement and velocity histories of impactor and the timevarying displacements, forces, strains and stresses throughout the laminate. Some example problems are considered to study the effects of impactor velocity and laminate boundary conditions on impact behavior of graphite/epoxy composite laminates, and results are presented for time-history of contact force and laminate central deflection.The transient dynamic strains and stresses inside the laminate were also calculated for few case