The distorted mirror of Wikipedia: a quantitative analysis of Wikipedia coverage of academics

Activity of modern scholarship creates online footprints galore. Along with traditional metrics of research quality, such as citation counts, online images of researchers and institutions increasingly matter in evaluating academic impact, decisions about grant allocation, and promotion. We examined 400 biographical Wikipedia articles on academics from four scientific fields to test if being featured in the world's largest online encyclopedia is correlated with higher academic notability (assessed through citation counts). We found no statistically significant correlation between Wikipedia articles metrics (length, number of edits, number of incoming links from other articles, etc.) and academic notability of the mentioned researchers. We also did not find any evidence that the scientists with better WP representation are necessarily more prominent in their fields. In addition, we inspected the Wikipedia coverage of notable scientists sampled from Thomson Reuters list of "highly cited researchers". In each of the examined fields, Wikipedia failed in covering notable scholars properly. Both findings imply that Wikipedia might be producing an inaccurate image of academics on the front end of science. By shedding light on how public perception of academic progress is formed, this study alerts that a subjective element might have been introduced into the hitherto structured system of academic evaluation.Comment: To appear in EPJ Data Science. To have the Additional Files and Datasets e-mail the corresponding autho

The application of medical terminologies to free-text in routine databases using the example of strategies to reduce infant mortality

Hintergrund Die Säuglingssterblichkeitsrate (IMR), ein wichtiger Indikator für die Qualität eines Gesundheitssystems, liegt in Deutschland seit 10 Jahren bei rund 3.5‰. Generische Qualitätsindikatoren (QIs), wie sie seit 2010 in Deutschland verwendet werden, tragen wesentlich zu einem so guten Wert bei, scheinen aber nicht in der Lage zu sein, den IMR weiter zu reduzieren. Die neonatale Sterblichkeitsrate (NMR) trägt zu 65-70% der IMR bei. Der vorgestellte Ansatz schlägt daher eine Einzelfallanalyse neonataler Todesfälle auf der Grundlage von Krankenakten vor. Die meisten elektronischen Krankenakten enthalten noch immer große Mengen an Freitextdaten. Die semantische Auswertung solcher Daten erfordert, dass die Daten mit ausreichenden Klassifizierungen kodiert oder in eine wissensbasierte Datenbank umgewandelt werden. Methodik Die Nordic-Baltic-Classification (NBC) wurde zur Erkennung vermeidbarer neonataler Todesfälle verwendet. Diese Klassifikation wurde auf eine Stichprobe von 1.968 neonatalen Todesfällen angewandt, die über 90% aller neonatalen Todesfälle in Ost-Berlin von 1973 bis 1989 darstellen. Alle Fälle wurden damals von einer speziellen Kommission verschiedener Experten auf der Grundlage der vollständigen perinatalen und klinischen Daten auf ihre Vermeidbarkeit hin analysiert. Der entwickelte Ansatz ermöglicht es, Datenbanken, die über SQL (Structured Query Language) zugänglich sind, direkt über semantische Abfragen zu durchsuchen, ohne dass weitere Transformationen erforderlich sind. Dazu wurden 1.) eine Erweiterung von SQL „Ontology-SQL“ (O-SQL) entwickelt, die es ermöglicht, semantische Ausdrücke zu verwenden, 2.) ein Framework entwickelt, das einen Standardterminologieserver verwendet, um Freitext enthaltende Datenbanktabellen zu annotieren und 3.) ein Parser entwickelt, der O-SQL Ausdrücke in SQL konvertiert, so dass semantische Abfragen direkt an den Datenbankserver weitergeleitet werden können. Ergebnisse Die NBC wurde verwendet, um die Gruppe der Fälle auszuwählen, die ein hohes Vermeidungspotenzial hatten. Die ausgewählte Gruppe stellte 6,0% aller Fälle dar und 60,4% der Fälle innerhalb dieser Gruppe wurden tatsächlich als vermeidbar oder bedingt vermeidbar beurteilt. Die automatische Erkennung von Fehlbildungen ergab einen F1-Wert von 0,94. Darüber hinaus wurde die Verallgemeinerbarkeit des Ansatzes mit verschiedenen semantischen Abfragen nachgewiesen und dessen Güte mit F1-Werten von 0,91 bis 0,98 gemessen. Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die vorgestellte Methode automatisch anwendbar ist und ein leistungsfähiges und hochsensitives und -spezifisches Werkzeug zur Auswahl potenziell vermeidbarer neonataler Todesfälle und damit zur Unterstützung einer effizienten Einzelfallanalyse darstellt. Die nahtlose Verknüpfung von Ontologien und Standardtechnologien aus dem Datenbankbereich stellt einen wichtigen Bestandteil der unstrukturierten Datenanalyse dar. Die entwickelte Technologie lässt sich problemlos auf aktuelle Daten anwenden und unterstützt das immer wichtiger werdende Feld der translationalen Forschung.Background The infant mortality rate (IMR), a key indicator of the quality of a healthcare system, has remained at approximately 3.5‰ for the past 10 years in Germany. Generic quality indicators (QIs), as used in Germany since 2010, greatly help to ensure such a good value but do not seem to be able to further reduce the IMR. The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) contributes to 65-70% of the IMR. The presented approach therefore proposes single-case analysis of neonatal deaths on base of medical records. Most electronic medical records still contain large amounts of free-text data. Semantic evaluation of such data requires the data to be encoded with sufficient classifications or transformed into a knowledge-based database. Methods The Nordic-Baltic classification (NBC) was used to detect avoidable neonatal deaths. This classification has been applied to a sample of 1,968 neonatal death records, which represent over 90% of all neonatal deaths in East Berlin from 1973 to 1989. All cases were analyzed as to their preventability based on the complete perinatal and clinical data by a special commission of different experts. The developed approach allows databases accessible via SQL (Structured Query Language) to be searched directly through semantic queries without the need for further transformations. Therefore, I) an extension to SQL named Ontology-SQL (O-SQL) that allows to use semantic expressions, II) a framework that uses a standard terminology server to annotate free-text containing database tables and III) a parser that rewrites O-SQL to SQL, so that such queries can be passed to the database server, have been developed. Results The NBC was used to select the group of cases that had a high potential of avoidance. The selected group represented 6.0% of all cases, and 60.4% of the cases within that group were judged avoidable or conditionally avoidable. The automatic detection of malformations showed an F1 score of 0.94. Furthermore, the generability has been proved with different semantic queries and was measured with between 0.91 and 0.98. Conclusion The results show, that the presented method can be applied automatically and is a powerful and highly specific tool for selecting potentially avoidable neonatal deaths and thus for supporting efficient single case analysis. The seamless connection of ontologies and standard technologies from the database field represents an important constituent of unstructured data analysis. The developed technology can be readily applied to current data and supports the increasingly important field of translational research

IoT Smart Collect - Routing Process and Driver Guidance

Waste collection is a traditional process that involves a driver collecting waste from a set of designated deposits based on a pre-determined route. The authors present a new approach that utilizes Artificial Intelligence to define the route based on the occupancy volume of the deposits. The new process involves the use of a mobile application to assist the driver during the journey. The application communicates with the central system to receive information on the next route, calculates the best possible route considering traffic laws and road conditions, and guides the driver throughout the journey. The application also provides real-time updates on the driver’s progress and allows the driver to provide feedback All collected data is stored and can be consulted and explored through lists, graphs, and filtering options. The authors believe that the new approach will improve the efficiency of waste collection and provide a better experience for the driver.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrative framework and methods for coastal area management: proceedings

Coastal zone management, ASEAN,

The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey final data release: a spectroscopic sample of 35016 galaxies and AGN out to z~6.7 selected with 17.5<=i_{AB}<=24.7

We describe the completed VIMOS VLT Deep Survey, and the final data release of 35016 galaxies and type-I AGN with measured spectroscopic redshifts up to redshift z~6.7, in areas 0.142 to 8.7 square degrees, and volumes from 0.5x10^6 to 2x10^7h^-3Mpc^3. We have selected samples of galaxies based solely on their i-band magnitude reaching i_{AB}=24.75. Spectra have been obtained with VIMOS on the ESO-VLT, integrating 0.75h, 4.5h and 18h for the Wide, Deep, and Ultra-Deep nested surveys. A total of 1263 galaxies have been re-observed independently within the VVDS, and from the VIPERS and MASSIV surveys. They are used to establish the redshift measurements reliability, to assess completeness, and to provide a weighting scheme taking into account the survey selection function. We describe the main properties of the VVDS samples, and the VVDS is compared to other spectroscopic surveys. In total we have obtained spectroscopic redshifts for 34594 galaxies, 422 type-I AGN, and 12430 Galactic stars. The survey has enabled to identify galaxies up to very high redshifts with 4669 redshifts in 1<=z_{spec}<=2, 561 in 2<=z_{spec}<=3 and 468 with z_{spec}>3, and specific populations like LAE have been identified out to z=6.62. We show that the VVDS occupies a unique place in the parameter space defined by area, depth, redshift coverage, and number of spectra. The VVDS provides a comprehensive survey of the distant universe, covering all epochs since z, or more than 12 Gyr of cosmic time, with a uniform selection, the largest such sample to date. A wealth of science results derived from the VVDS have shed new light on the evolution of galaxies and AGN, and their distribution in space, over this large cosmic time. A final public release of the complete VVDS spectroscopic redshift sample is available at http://cesam.lam.fr/vvds.Comment: Submitted 30 June 2013, Accepted 22 August 2013. Updated with published versio

Unveiling the path towards sustainability: scientific interest at HEIs from a scientometric approach in the period 2008-2017

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorLa humanidad ha experimentado el impacto de un modelo económico insostenible a todos los niveles. Este tema se ha cristalizado en diferentes cumbres y conferencias durante el siglo XX. Como resultado de esta preocupación, surgió el concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible (DS). Sin embargo, este concepto ha recibido muchas críticas por ser altamente antropocéntrico y compartimentado, carente de coherencia conceptual o interconexión entre todos los aspectos involucrados. Más tarde, la aparición de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) en 2000 y los recientes Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en 2015 constituyen una nueva era. Este es el plan para lograr un futuro mejor y más sostenible para todos, en el que todos los agentes involucrados deben participar. En este punto, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) tienen un papel central y la sostenibilidad se ha convertido en una prioridad política para la ciencia. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los patrones de la investigación llevada a cabo en investigación de sostenibilidad, incluido el flujo de actividad científica, así como la colaboración o el impacto que genera dicha investigación. Este estudio de doctorado explora cómo se puede delinear este concepto desde un enfoque bibliométrico, lo cual conduce a la ‘ciencia de la sostenibilidad’. La producción científica de artículos fue identificada y analizada en el período 2008-2017 en la Web of Science (WoS). Además, este estudio explora las instituciones de educación superior (IES) y su papel en el fomento de la sostenibilidad, mediante la evaluación de su investigación y la implementación de prácticas de sostenibilidad en las IES españolas. Además, presenta una delineación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y propone una metodología para clasificar la producción científica en cada uno e los objetivos. El análisis de esta producción se realiza a través de indicadores bibliométricos unidimensionales y multidimensionales. Estos indicadores se han dividido y analizado en diferentes niveles de agregación, desde el más general hasta el más específico, comenzando con las características generales de investigación y descendiendo al nivel de país, instituciones o temática, entre otros. Los resultados muestran un interés creciente en la investigación de sostenibilidad y se observa una fuerte influencia del pilar medioambiental. Además, hay países con una alta producción científica pero no tan especializados en el tema como otros con una menor producción. En cuanto a las instituciones, los resultados obtenidos muestran que las IES realizaron un importante esfuerzo de investigación para el desarrollo sostenible y son las que producen un mayor número de documentos. Además, se observa que las instituciones tienden a colaborar con centros geográficamente próximos. Al analizar las Prácticas de sostenibilidad en las IES españolas, se encuentran asociaciones altas entre variables como la presencia de un Plan de Sostenibilidad y de una Oficina Verde. Sin embargo, este estudio demuestra claramente que, aunque se reconoce que el desarrollo sostenible es muy importante para las IES y la sociedad, todavía no está integrado en las estrategias, actividades y políticas de todo el sistema. Como conclusión, se afirma que es esencial identificar estrategias de sostenibilidad e introducir desarrollo sostenible en todas las actividades en el entorno de las IES. Finalmente, esta tesis contribuye a la literatura sobre instituciones de educación superior sostenibles, así como al análisis y la mejora de educación superior para el desarrollo sostenible, especialmente en el sistema de educación superior español. Además, este estudio contribuye al análisis bibliométrico al ofrecer dos propuestas de delineación científica para la ciencia de la sostenibilidad y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, así como metodologías para clasificar la producción científica. Este análisis denota la importancia de los estudios bibliométricos para el estudio y la caracterización de la producción científica en un campo transdisciplinario que, además, se puede extrapolar a otros campos de estudio.Humanity has experienced the impact of an unsustainable economic model at all levels. This topic has crystallized in different summits and conferences during the 20th century. As a result of this concern, the concept of sustainable development (SD) emerged. However, it has received much criticism for being highly anthropocentric and compartmentalized, and lacking conceptual coherence or interconnectedness among all the aspects involved. The introduction of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 and the recent Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 heralded a new era. They represent a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all, in which all stakeholders need to be involved. At this point, higher education institutions (HEIs) have a central role to play and sustainability has emerged as a policy priority for science. The objective of this study is to investigate the patterns of sustainability research, including the flow of scientific activity, as well as the collaboration or impact that such research generates. This doctoral study explores how can sustainability can be delineated from a bibliometric approach, leading to a new approach of “sustainability science”. The scientific production of articles was identified and analysed for the period 2008–2017 using the Web of Science (WoS). Moreover, this research study explores HEIs and their role in fostering sustainability, by assessing their research and the implementation of sustainability practices in Spanish HEIs. As well, it presents a delineation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and proposes a methodology for classifying the output on each SDG. This analysis is done through unidimensional and multidimensional bibliometric indicators. These indicators have been divided and analysed in different levels of aggregation, from the most general to the most specific, starting with general research features and progressing to country, institutional, and thematic levels, among others. The results indicate a growing interest in sustainability research and a strong influence on the environmental pillar. Moreover, some countries with the highest scientific output are not as specialized in terms of topics as others with a lower output. Regarding institutions, the results obtained indicate that HEIs made an important research contribution to SD and are the ones that produce a higher number of documents. It was found that institutions tend to collaborate with other institutions that are close. By analysing sustainability practices in Spanish HEIs, it was found that there are more associations between variables such as having a sustainability plan and having a green office. However, this study clearly demonstrates that although SD is recognized as being very important to HEIs and society, it is not yet embedded in the whole system’s strategies, activities, and policies. In conclusion, this research study reveals that it is essential to identify sustainability strategies and introduce SD in all activities in the HEI environment. Finally, this thesis contributes to the literature on sustainable HEIs, as well as to how higher education for SD is understood and can be improved, especially in the Spanish higher education system. Moreover, this contributes to bibliometric study by offering two delineation approach to sustainability science and sustainable development goals as well as methodologies for classifying scientific output. This denotes the importante of bibliometric studies for the study and characterization of scientific output in a transdisciplinary field that can be extrapolated to other fields of study.Programa de Doctorado en Documentación: Archivos y Bibliotecas en el Entorno Digital por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Carlos Balaguer Bernaldo de Quirós.- Secretario: Birger Larsen.- Vocal: Sandra Sofía Ferreira Da Silva C