98,733 research outputs found
Unveiling the multimedia unconscious: implicit cognitive processes and multimedia content analysis
One of the main findings of cognitive sciences is that automatic processes of which we are unaware shape, to a significant extent, our perception of the environment. The phenomenon applies not only to the real world, but also to multimedia data we consume every day. Whenever we look at pictures, watch a video or listen to audio recordings, our conscious attention efforts focus on the observable content, but our cognition spontaneously perceives intentions, beliefs, values, attitudes and other constructs that, while being outside of our conscious awareness, still shape our reactions and behavior. So far, multimedia technologies have neglected such a phenomenon to a large extent. This paper argues that taking into account cognitive effects is possible and it can also improve multimedia approaches. As a supporting proof-of-concept, the paper shows not only that there are visual patterns correlated with the personality traits of 300 Flickr users to a statistically significant extent, but also that the personality traits (both self-assessed and attributed by others) of those users can be inferred from the images these latter post as "favourite"
Sparse Signal Processing Concepts for Efficient 5G System Design
As it becomes increasingly apparent that 4G will not be able to meet the
emerging demands of future mobile communication systems, the question what
could make up a 5G system, what are the crucial challenges and what are the key
drivers is part of intensive, ongoing discussions. Partly due to the advent of
compressive sensing, methods that can optimally exploit sparsity in signals
have received tremendous attention in recent years. In this paper we will
describe a variety of scenarios in which signal sparsity arises naturally in 5G
wireless systems. Signal sparsity and the associated rich collection of tools
and algorithms will thus be a viable source for innovation in 5G wireless
system design. We will discribe applications of this sparse signal processing
paradigm in MIMO random access, cloud radio access networks, compressive
channel-source network coding, and embedded security. We will also emphasize
important open problem that may arise in 5G system design, for which sparsity
will potentially play a key role in their solution.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Acces
Specification of multiparty audio and video interaction based on the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing
The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) is an emerging ISO/ITU-T standard. It provides a framework of abstractions based on viewpoints, and it defines five viewpoint languages to model open distributed systems. This paper uses the viewpoint languages to specify multiparty audio/video exchange in distributed systems. To the designers of distributed systems, it shows how the concepts and rules of RM-ODP can be applied.\ud
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The ODP ¿binding object¿ is an important concept to model continuous data flows in distributed systems. We take this concept as a basis for multiparty audio and video flow exchanges, and we provide five ODP viewpoint specifications, each emphasising a particular concern. To ensure overall correctness, special attention is paid to the mapping between the ODP viewpoint specifications
Sensing and mapping for interactive performance
This paper describes a trans-domain mapping (TDM) framework for translating meaningful activities from one creative domain onto another. The multi-disciplinary framework is designed to facilitate an intuitive and non-intrusive interactive multimedia performance interface that offers the users or performers real-time control of multimedia events using their physical movements. It is intended to be a highly dynamic real-time performance tool, sensing and tracking activities and changes, in order to provide interactive multimedia performances.
From a straightforward definition of the TDM framework, this paper reports several implementations and multi-disciplinary collaborative projects using the proposed framework, including a motion and colour-sensitive system, a sensor-based system for triggering musical events, and a distributed multimedia server for audio mapping of a real-time face tracker, and discusses different aspects of mapping strategies in their context.
Plausible future directions, developments and exploration with the proposed framework, including stage augmenta tion, virtual and augmented reality, which involve sensing and mapping of physical and non-physical changes onto multimedia control events, are discussed
Distributed stochastic optimization via matrix exponential learning
In this paper, we investigate a distributed learning scheme for a broad class
of stochastic optimization problems and games that arise in signal processing
and wireless communications. The proposed algorithm relies on the method of
matrix exponential learning (MXL) and only requires locally computable gradient
observations that are possibly imperfect and/or obsolete. To analyze it, we
introduce the notion of a stable Nash equilibrium and we show that the
algorithm is globally convergent to such equilibria - or locally convergent
when an equilibrium is only locally stable. We also derive an explicit linear
bound for the algorithm's convergence speed, which remains valid under
measurement errors and uncertainty of arbitrarily high variance. To validate
our theoretical analysis, we test the algorithm in realistic
multi-carrier/multiple-antenna wireless scenarios where several users seek to
maximize their energy efficiency. Our results show that learning allows users
to attain a net increase between 100% and 500% in energy efficiency, even under
very high uncertainty.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figure
Recommended from our members
Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications “on the move”, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
Looking Beyond a Clever Narrative: Visual Context and Attention are Primary Drivers of Affect in Video Advertisements
Emotion evoked by an advertisement plays a key role in influencing brand
recall and eventual consumer choices. Automatic ad affect recognition has
several useful applications. However, the use of content-based feature
representations does not give insights into how affect is modulated by aspects
such as the ad scene setting, salient object attributes and their interactions.
Neither do such approaches inform us on how humans prioritize visual
information for ad understanding. Our work addresses these lacunae by
decomposing video content into detected objects, coarse scene structure, object
statistics and actively attended objects identified via eye-gaze. We measure
the importance of each of these information channels by systematically
incorporating related information into ad affect prediction models. Contrary to
the popular notion that ad affect hinges on the narrative and the clever use of
linguistic and social cues, we find that actively attended objects and the
coarse scene structure better encode affective information as compared to
individual scene objects or conspicuous background elements.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of 20th ACM International
Conference on Multimodal Interaction, Boulder, CO, US
Media Presence and Inner Presence: The Sense of Presence in Virtual Reality Technologies
Abstract. Presence is widely accepted as the key concept to be considered in any research involving human interaction with Virtual Reality (VR). Since its original description, the concept of presence has developed over the past decade to be considered by many researchers as the essence of any experience in a virtual environment. The VR generating systems comprise two main parts: a technological component and a psychological experience. The different relevance given to them produced two different but coexisting visions of presence: the rationalist and the psychological/ecological points of view. The rationalist point of view considers a VR system as a collection of specific machines with the necessity of the inclusion \ud
of the concept of presence. The researchers agreeing with this approach describe the sense of presence as a function of the experience of a given medium (Media Presence). The main result of this approach is the definition of presence as the perceptual illusion of non-mediation produced by means of the disappearance of the medium from the conscious attention of the subject. At the other extreme, there \ud
is the psychological or ecological perspective (Inner Presence). Specifically, this perspective considers presence as a neuropsychological phenomenon, evolved from the interplay of our biological and cultural inheritance, whose goal is the control of the human activity. \ud
Given its key role and the rate at which new approaches to understanding and examining presence are appearing, this chapter draws together current research on presence to provide an up to date overview of the most widely accepted approaches to its understanding and measurement
Communication Theoretic Data Analytics
Widespread use of the Internet and social networks invokes the generation of
big data, which is proving to be useful in a number of applications. To deal
with explosively growing amounts of data, data analytics has emerged as a
critical technology related to computing, signal processing, and information
networking. In this paper, a formalism is considered in which data is modeled
as a generalized social network and communication theory and information theory
are thereby extended to data analytics. First, the creation of an equalizer to
optimize information transfer between two data variables is considered, and
financial data is used to demonstrate the advantages. Then, an information
coupling approach based on information geometry is applied for dimensionality
reduction, with a pattern recognition example to illustrate the effectiveness.
These initial trials suggest the potential of communication theoretic data
analytics for a wide range of applications.Comment: Published in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Jan.
201
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