Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Cerebral Palsy,

Objective: To compare prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in cerebral palsied (CP) with healthy control children and to evaluate possible correlations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and severity of CP and motor function.Materials & Methods: In this case control study, serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were evaluated in 65 children with CP and compared with 65 healthy children. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Regarding 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, patients were classified as sufficient (≥30 ng/ml), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml) and deficient (<20 ng/ml).Results: Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 28.03±24.2 ng/ml in patients and 30±1.94 ng/ml in control group. 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was seen in 44.6% of CP and 18.5% of healthy children. There was no significant difference in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between boys and girls, CP types and use of antiepileptics in case group. There was significant negative correlation between age and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Gross Motor Function Classification System was not significant.   Conclusion: 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is common in children with CP in comparison with healthy children. There was significant negative correlation between age and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels .Routine measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its proper treatment is recommended to prevent its deficiency and subsequent consequences

The relationship between low maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus according to the severity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between low maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus in Turkish pregnant women according to the severity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and assess intact parathyroid hormone levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and controls with low and sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. METHODS: We analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels in 234 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 168 controls. To define the deficiency status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were further classified into severely deficient, deficient, insufficient and sufficient groups. RESULTS: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus had significantly lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to controls (30.8±16.3 vs. 36.0±16.2 nmol/L). However, when subgroups of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were analyzed, gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly more common only in women with severely deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. After adjusting for covariates, only severely deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were independently associated with an increased relative risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. The relative risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with insufficient and deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was not statistically significant. Intact parathyroid hormone concentrations were also significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to the controls (45.3±26.2 vs. 38.7±27.6 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained from this study provide novel data indicating that only severely deficient maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are significantly associated with an elevated relative risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, even after adjusting for established risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

Relationship between levels of serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D with gender and visual acuity students of junior high school

Background: Visual disturbance can be caused by external factors, that is, the lack of outdoor activities and a positive correlation between the length of outdoor activities and vitamin D levels. The aim of this research was to examine the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, sex and visual acuity.Methods: This research uses cross-sectional approach, conducted in junior high school 16,18 of Semarang. Purposive sampling method, the analysis is done the chi square test.Results: There is a correlation between sex and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at junior high school 16 (p=0.001, c=13.42) and junior high school 18 (p=0.001, c=13.42). There is a correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visual acuity at junior high school 16 (p=0.302, c=4.868). There is no correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visual acuity at Junior High School 18 (p=0.302, c=4.868).Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is related to sex, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is correlated with a decrease in vision acuity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is not correlated with a decrease in vision acuity

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and atopic dermatitis severity in children

Background Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system. It inhibits B-lymphocyte proliferation and modulates the humoral response to suppress IgE production. Studies on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the severity of atopic dermatitis in several countries have had varying results. Objective To assess for a possible correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and atopic dermatitis severity in children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 26 children with atopic dermatitis from September to December 2015. We evaluated the severity of disease using the Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels. Spearman’s test was used to analyze for a correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the atopic dermatitis  score in children with atopic dermatitis. Results Mean SCORAD index was 32.0 (SD 14.99) , with a range of 10.9 to 71.4. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level was 41.1 (SD 24.81) ng/mL, with a range of 10-137 ng/mL. There was a moderate correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the SCORAD index (r=-0.591), with higher SCORAD index associated with lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level (P=0.01). Conclusion There is a moderate correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level and the SCORAD index in children with atopic dermatitis

Significant difference of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in male hemodialysis patients with or without diabetes; a single center study.

It is well found that the assessment of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D offers better information about vitamin D status in patients. This cross-sectional study was aimed to better understand the probable difference of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in a group of hemodialysis (HD) patients with or without diabetes. 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (normal range of values is 25 to 125 nmol/L) was measured following an overnight fasting. The study was conducted on 36 subjects (15 female, 21 male), consisting of 25 (female=11, male=14) non-diabetic HD patients and 11 (female=4, male=7) diabetic HD patients. A significant difference of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level between diabetic and non-diabetic male HD patients with more values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in none-diabetic HD patients was found (r=0.014). Least studied was conducted on the influence of diabetes on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in HD patients, lower vitamin D level in diabetes patients may aggravates their condition. Thus, further investigations need to define this aspect of hemodialysis patients

The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentration in assessing vitamin D deficiency in pet rabbits

Background Vitamin D deficiency and related metabolic bone diseases in pet rabbits have been intermittently debated. In human research, the parathyroid hormone concentration in relation to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is used to determine vitamin D deficiency. Thus, this study aimed to identify the breakpoint in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration indicating a significant change in the parathyroid hormone concentration in 139 pet rabbits. An enzyme immunoassay kit was used for 25-hydroxyvitamin D analysis and the intact parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84) immunoradiometric assay kit for parathyroid hormone analysis. The mid-tibial cortical bone density was measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. A segmented linear regression analysis was performed, with the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as the independent variable, and parathyroid hormone, ionised calcium, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus concentrations and the mid-tibial cortical density as the dependent variables. Results The breakpoint for the parathyroid hormone concentration occurred at a 25(OH)D concentration of 17 ng/mL, whereas the cortical bone density breakpoint occurred at a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 19 ng/mL. No breakpoints were found for ionised calcium, total calcium or phosphorus. Conclusions These results suggest that a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 17 ng/mL serves as the threshold for vitamin D deficiency in rabbits. Nearly one-third of the rabbits had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration below this threshold. Concerns persist regarding the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pet rabbits and the possible health consequences caused by a chronic vitamin D deficiency, including the risk for metabolic bone diseases.Peer reviewe

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and the Incidence of Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Healthy Adults

Declining serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D seen in the fall and winter as distance increases from the equator may be a factor in the seasonal increased prevalence of influenza and other viral infections. This study was done to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations correlated with the incidence of acute viral respiratory tract infections.In this prospective cohort study serial monthly concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured over the fall and winter 2009-2010 in 198 healthy adults, blinded to the nature of the substance being measured. The participants were evaluated for the development of any acute respiratory tract infections by investigators blinded to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. The incidence of infection in participants with different concentrations of vitamin D was determined. One hundred ninety-five (98.5%) of the enrolled participants completed the study. Light skin pigmentation, lean body mass, and supplementation with vitamin D were found to correlate with higher concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Concentrations of 38 ng/ml or more were associated with a significant (p<0.0001) two-fold reduction in the risk of developing acute respiratory tract infections and with a marked reduction in the percentages of days ill.Maintenance of a 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration of 38 ng/ml or higher should significantly reduce the incidence of acute viral respiratory tract infections and the burden of illness caused thereby, at least during the fall and winter in temperate zones. The findings of the present study provide direction for and call for future interventional studies examining the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence and severity of specific viral infections, including influenza, in the general population and in subpopulations with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, such as pregnant women, dark skinned individuals, and the obese

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Threshold for the Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Bone Density:Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Most trials of vitamin D supplementation have shown no benefits on bone density (BMD), though severe vitamin D deficiency causes osteomalacia which is associated with profound BMD deficits. Recently, the ViDA-BMD study from New Zealand demonstrated a threshold of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (30 nmol/L) below which vitamin D supplementation did benefit BMD. We have now re-examined data from a similar trial in Aberdeen to determine whether a baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold of 30 nmol/L is also observed in that database. The Aberdeen study recruited 305 postmenopausal women in late winter and randomized them to receive placebo, vitamin D 400 IU/day or vitamin D 1000 IU/day over one year. As previously reported, BMD loss at the hip was reduced by vitamin D 1000 IU/day only, and there was no significant treatment effect of either dose at the lumbar spine. In the present analysis, when the trial participants were grouped according to whether their baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D was ≤30 nmol/L or above this threshold, significant treatment effects were apparent at both the spine and hip in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≤30 nmol/L, but no significant effects were apparent in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D above this level. There was evidence of a similar threshold for effects on parathyroid hormone, but no groups showed changes in bone turnover markers during the study. It is concluded that vitamin D supplements only increase bone density in adults with nadir 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≤30 nmol/L. This moves us further towards a trial-based definition of vitamin D deficiency in adults with adequate calcium intakes, and suggests that supplement use should be targeted accordingly. Future trials of vitamin D supplementation should focus on individuals with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in this range

Associations of vitamin D pathway genes with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, and prostate cancer:a nested case-control study

Vitamin D pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are potentially useful proxies for investigating whether circulating vitamin D metabolites [total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, 25(OH)D; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, 1,25(OH)2D] are causally related to prostate cancer. We investigated associations of sixteen SNPs across seven genes with prostate-specific antigen-detected prostate cancer