Air Conditioning Hybrid Electric Vehicles while Stopped in Traffic

HEVs idle their engine during the stops to meet the cooling and heating needs. But, idling decreases fuel economy and increases engine wear and emissions. The report explores alternative strategies for air conditioning the HEV during the stop times. Simulation analyses are used to identify fundamental differences and new technology tradeoffs encountered in HEVs. An analysis of cooling and heating loads on a car under typical weather and driving conditions is combined with efficiency estimates for an advanced a/c system to compare different cooling strategies in terms of fuel usage and overall system COP. Options considered include belt and electrically driven compressors, with thermal and electrical storage technologies. The results of this parametric analysis narrow the range of cooling and heating strategies to be considered for detailed analysis and prototype testing.Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Project 14

Least costly energy management for series hybrid electric vehicles

Energy management of plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) has different challenges from non-plug-in HEVs, due to bigger batteries and grid recharging. Instead of tackling it to pursue energetic efficiency, an approach minimizing the driving cost incurred by the user - the combined costs of fuel, grid energy and battery degradation - is here proposed. A real-time approximation of the resulting optimal policy is then provided, as well as some analytic insight into its dependence on the system parameters. The advantages of the proposed formulation and the effectiveness of the real-time strategy are shown by means of a thorough simulation campaign

A Comparative Study on Developing the Hybrid-Electric Vehicle ‎Systems and its Future Expectation over the Conventional Engines Cars

The use of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as an alternative to traditional petroleum-powered cars has risen due to climate change, air pollution, and fuel depletion. The transportation sector is the second largest energy-consuming sector that accounts for 30% of the world’s total delivered energy and about 60% of world oil demand. In 2008, the transportation sector accounted for about 22% of total world CO2 emissions. Within this sector, road vehicles dominate oil consumption and represent 81% of total transportation energy demand. This review discusses opportunities to reduce energy consumed and greenhouse gases in this sector and briefly discusses the Hybrid electric vehicles as a solution to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. Also, the Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and the General architectures of hybrid electric vehicles and their subtypes have been discussed. Hybrid electric vehicle system components, system analysis, and fuel economy benefits are also explained. As the comparison results proved that the benefits of improved engine thermal efficiency outweigh the losses caused by longer energy transmission paths and showed that hybridization can improve fuel economy by about 24% in typical urban cycles. This study offers a thorough analysis of hybrid electric vehicles, including information on the designs, and energy management systems, created by different researchers. According to the thorough analysis, the current systems can execute HEVs rather effectively, but their dependability and autonomous systems remain not satisfactory. Several variables, difficulties, and issues related to the future generation of hybrid cars have been highlighted in this research

Comparison of energy consumption and costs of different HEVs and PHEVs in European and American context

This paper will analyse on the one hand the potential of Plug in Hybrid electric Vehicles to significantly reduce fuel consumption and displace it torward various primary energies thanks to the electricity sector. On the other hand the total cost of ownership of two different PHEV architectures will be compared to a conventional cehicle and a HEV without external charging

Study on the Effects of Battery Capacity on the Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles are gaining a significant presence in the auto market. However, the present day hybrid electric vehicles mostly use battery as a secondary source of power. If the battery were to be used as a primary source of power then the battery capacity is one of the important features in the design of a hybrid electric vehicle. Hybrid electric vehicles which are powered by more than one energy source have to follow a good energy management strategy to provide the best fuel economy in all situations. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effect of variation of the energy storage system size on the fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle and the important design criteria involved in the design of the energy storage system. Simulations carried out using ADVISOR software show that increase in battery capacity alone cannot improve the fuel economy

Assessing drivers' preferences for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in Spain

With the aim of analyzing preferences for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), two stated preference methods (a contingent valuation exercise and a discrete choice experiment (DCE)) were used in a survey conducted in a representative sample of Spanish drivers. Overall, our findings show robustness between the willingness to pay (WTP) estimates elicited via a latent class model (LCM) and those from a payment card questionPostprint (published version

Cost of ownership-efficient hybrid electric vehicle powertrain sizing for multi-scenario driving cycles

During the last decade, hybrid electric vehicles have gained a presence in the automotive market. On the streets, in motorsports and in society, hybrid electric vehicles are increasingly common. Many manufacturers have become involved in hybrid electric vehicles, while others have hybrid electric vehicle projects in development. Thus, there is already a great variety of hybrid electric vehicles in production, from small microhybrid vehicles to range extenders. Although there are some hybrid electric vehicles designed for urban driving or luxury segments of the market, most of the market share is aimed to the same kind of use and driving, resulting in potentially subsized or oversized hybrid systems that could lead to inefficient use of the vehicle's fuel-saving capabilities in many situations. The present work studies the influence of the sizes of the powertrain components (i.e. the engine, the motor and the battery) on the fuel economy under different assumptions: city driving, highway driving and mixed driving. The utilized framework permits the calculation of the theoretically optimum powertrain sizes assuming a particular target. Different drivers and different traffic conditions are also evaluated. Finally, a long-term cost evaluation is carried out to estimate the optimal sizes of the hybrid electric vehicle powertrain as functions of the type of use of the vehicle throughout its life cycle.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work has been supported by Conselleria de Educacio Cultura i Esports de la Generalitat Valenciana through Project GV/2013/044 AECOSPH.Luján, JM.; Guardiola, C.; Pla Moreno, B.; Reig, A. (2016). Cost of ownership-efficient hybrid electric vehicle powertrain sizing for multi-scenario driving cycles. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering. 230(3):382-394. doi:10.1177/0954407015586333S382394230

Do hybrid electric vehicles really work?

Peer Reviewe