A Case Study of Using Online Communities and Virtual Environment in Massively Multiplayer Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) as a Learning and Teaching Tool for Second Language Learners

Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) create large virtual communities. Online gaming shows potential not just for entertaining, but also in education. This research investigates the use of commercial MMORPGs to support second language teaching. MMORPGs offer virtual safe spaces in which students can communicate by using their target second language with global players. Using a mix of ethnography and action research, this study explores the students’ experiences of language learning and performing while playing MMORPGs. The results show that the use of MMORPGs can facilitate language development by offering fun, informal, individualised and secure virtual spaces for students to practise their language with native and other second language speakers

The Intangible Legacy of the Indonesian Bajo

The Sama-Bajau, or Bajo diaspora, extends from the southern Philippines and Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) to the eastern part of Indonesia. The Indonesian Bajo, now scattered along the coasts of Sulawesi (Celebes) and East Kalimantan, the Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands and Maluku, were once mostly nomadic fishermen of the sea or ocean freight carriers. Today, the Bajo are almost all fishermen and settled. Their former and present ways of life made them favour intangible forms of culture: it is impossible to transport bulky artefacts when moving frequently by boat, or when living in stilt houses, very close to the sea or on a reef. It is therefore an intangible legacy that is the essence of the Bajo\u27s culture. Sandro healers have a vast range of expertise that allows them to protect and heal people when they suffer from natural or supernatural diseases. On the other hand, music and especially oral literature are very rich. In addition to song and the pantun poetry contests, the most prestigious genre is the iko-iko, long epic songs that the Bajo consider to be historical rather than fictional narratives. The Bajo\u27s intangible heritage is fragile, since it is based on oral transmission. In this article, I give a description of this heritage, dividing it into two areas: the knowledge that allows them to “protect and heal” on the one hand, and to “distract and relax”, on the other

The Intangible Legacy of the Indonesian Bajo

The Sama-Bajau, or Bajo diaspora, extends from the southern Philippines and Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) to the eastern part of Indonesia. The Indonesian Bajo, now scattered along the coasts of Sulawesi (Celebes) and East Kalimantan, the Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands and Maluku, were once mostly nomadic fishermen of the sea or ocean freight carriers. Today, the Bajo are almost all fishermen and settled. Their former and present ways of life made them favour intangible forms of culture: it is impossible to transport bulky artefacts when moving frequently by boat, or when living in stilt houses, very close to the sea or on a reef. It is therefore an intangible legacy that is the essence of the Bajo\u27s culture. Sandro healers have a vast range of expertise that allows them to protect and heal people when they suffer from natural or supernatural diseases. On the other hand, music and especially oral literature are very rich. In addition to song and the pantun poetry contests, the most prestigious genre is the iko-iko, long epic songs that the Bajo consider to be historical rather than fictional narratives. The Bajo\u27s intangible heritage is fragile, since it is based on oral transmission. In this article, I give a description of this heritage, dividing it into two areas: the knowledge that allows them to “protect and heal” on the one hand, and to “distract and relax”, on the other

Spartan Daily, December 3, 1980

Volume 75, Issue 64https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/6699/thumbnail.jp

Spartan Daily, September 25, 2000

Volume 115, Issue 17https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/9584/thumbnail.jp

Patterns of Traumatic Injury in Historic African and African American Populations

For my master’s thesis project titled, “Patterns of Traumatic Injury in Historic African and African American Populations,” I examined trauma incidence in American slave and free populations. The objectives of this study were (1) to present frequency and distribution analysis of injuries in each sample, (2) to create cross tabulations to show similarities and differences in each site and compare these results to between, (3) interpret the frequency and distribution of injuries from a cultural aspect, to better understand the violence and physical demands endured by American slaves and freeborn African American. Most of the skeletal samples used in this research have been reinterred. Therefore, this research is based off the observations and interpretations of researchers and data found in published papers. Unfortunately, during the time when most of these remains were examined there existed no universal research method when analyzing skeletal material. Each researcher used his or her own method for analyzing remains; some being more detailed then others. Because of this, this study contains basic information about each site including: site name, total number of individuals examined in each site, total number of individuals observed with fractures, total number of fractures observed in each site, sex of the individuals, which bone(s) were injured, if the injury occurred ante or peri mortem, which are slave communities and which are free populations. Whenever possible a mechanism such as accident, violent encounter or occupational-related injury, was assigned to each injury. For this study trauma was defined as dislocations, fractures, muscle pulls, blunt force trauma and puncture wounds. All bones were examined. There has been a lot of research attempting to reconstruct historic African American lifeways in anthropology. Most of this research consists of analyzing overall health of the populations studied. This study is important because there is not a lot of research specifically on trauma analysis of slave and free populations that discuss the physical demands of slavery as well as slave mistreatment. Due in large part to small sample sizes and fragmentary conditions of slave and African American skeletal series available for study, there is no effective means to measure the biological brutality of slavery. This study is intended to evoke interest in trauma studies in historic African and African American populations. As more studies of trauma in African American populations emerge, more comparisons can be made resulting in important questions being answered about the past. Studies of trauma distribution and frequency patterning in African American populations are essential for addressing questions about human adaptation to physical, environmental, and social constraints

Bounded Model Checking Using Java PathFinder

Diplomová práce je věnovaná aplikaci formální metody bounded model checking pro automatickou opravu chyb. Oprava se specializuje na chyby spojené se souběžností. Práce je zaměřena na programy napsané v jazyce Java, a proto pro verifikační metodu byl zvolen model checker Java Pathfinder, který je určen pro Java programy. Vlastní verifikační metoda spočívá v aplikaci strategie pro navigaci stavovým prostorem do místa verifikace. Z daného místa je spuštěn bounded model checking pro ověření opravy. Navigace stavovým prostorem je implementována pomocí strategie record&replay trace. Pro aplikaci bounded model checkingu jsou implementovány další parametry a moduly pro verifikaci speciálních vlastností systému, které ověřují koreknost opravy chyby. Bounded model checking se provádí v okolí opravy.This thesis deals with the application of bounded model checking method for self-healing assurance of concurrency related problems. The self-healing is currently interested in the Java programming language. Therefore, it concetrate mainly on the model checker Java PathFinder which is built for handling Java programs. The verification method is implemented like the Record&Replay trace strategy for navigation through a state space and performance bounded model checking from reached state through the use of Record&Replay trace strategy. Java PathFinder was extended by new moduls and interfaces in order to perform the bounded model checking for self-healing assurance. Bounded model checking is applied at the neighbourhood of self-healing.

Chemical containment and eradication of screw− worm incursions in Australia

Screwworms are obligate, invasive parasites of warm-blooded animals. The female flies lay batches of eggs at the edge of wounds or other lesions. These eggs hatch to larvae or screw-worms which feed on affected animals for 6-7 days, burrowing deeply into subcutaneous tissues and causing severe trauma to animals, production loss and potentially death. Susceptible sites include wounds resulting from management practices such as castration, de-horning and ear tagging and lesions caused by the activities of other parasites such as buffalo flies and ticks. The navels of the new born and the vulval region of their mothers following parturition are highly susceptible and body orifices such as nose and ears are also frequent targets for ovipositing screwworm flies. The Old World screw-worm, Chrysomya bezziana (OWS) is considered one of the most serious exotic insect pest threatening Australia's livestock industries and is endemic in a number of our closest neighbouring countries. New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, endemic to South America, has also entered Australia on at least 2 occasions. Many tropical and subtropical areas of Australia are suitable for the establishment of OWS and the potential range is expected to increase with climate change. The Australian screwworm preparedness strategy indicates a program of containment with chemical treatments followed by eradication of OWS using sterile male release and parasiticides. However, there is no longer an operational OWS sterile insect screw-worm facility anywhere in the world and establishing a large scale production facility would most optimistically take at least 2 years. In the interim, containment would be almost totally dependent on the availability of effective chemical controls. A review of chemical formulations available for potential use against OWS in Australia found that currently only one chemical, ivermectin administered by subcutaneous injection (s.c.) is registered for use against OWS and that many of the chemicals previously shown to be effective against OWS were no longer registered for animal use in Australia.18 From this review a number of Australian-registered chemicals were recommended as a priority for testing against OWS. The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) can issue an emergency use permit for use of pesticides if they are registered in Australia for other animal uses and shown to be effective against OWS. This project tested the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of chemicals with potential for use in the treatment and control of OWS