11,769 research outputs found
Handling Norms in Multi-Agent System by Means of Formal Argumentation
International audienceFormal argumentation is used to enrich and analyse normative multi-agent systems in various ways. In this chapter, we discuss three examples from the literature of handling norms by means of formal argumentation. First, we discuss how existing ways to resolve conflicts among norms using priorities can be represented in formal argumentation, by showing that the so-called Greedy and Reduction approaches can be represented using the weakest and the last link principles respectively. Based on such representation results, formal argumentation can be used to explain the detachment of obligations and permissions from hierarchical normative systems in a new way. Second, we discuss how formal argumentation can be used as a general theory for developing new approaches for normative reasoning, using a dynamic ASPIC-based legal argumentation theory. We show how existing logics of normative systems can be used to analyse such new argumentation systems. Third, we show how argumentation can be used to reason about other challenges in the area of normative multiagent systems as well, by discussing a model for arguing about legal interpretation. In particular, we show how fuzzy logic combined with formal argumentation can be used to reason about the adoption of graded categories and thus address the problem of open texture in normative interpretation. Our aim to discuss these three examples is to inspire new applications of formal argumentation to the challenges of normative reasoning in multiagent systems
Designing Normative Theories for Ethical and Legal Reasoning: LogiKEy Framework, Methodology, and Tool Support
A framework and methodology---termed LogiKEy---for the design and engineering
of ethical reasoners, normative theories and deontic logics is presented. The
overall motivation is the development of suitable means for the control and
governance of intelligent autonomous systems. LogiKEy's unifying formal
framework is based on semantical embeddings of deontic logics, logic
combinations and ethico-legal domain theories in expressive classic
higher-order logic (HOL). This meta-logical approach enables the provision of
powerful tool support in LogiKEy: off-the-shelf theorem provers and model
finders for HOL are assisting the LogiKEy designer of ethical intelligent
agents to flexibly experiment with underlying logics and their combinations,
with ethico-legal domain theories, and with concrete examples---all at the same
time. Continuous improvements of these off-the-shelf provers, without further
ado, leverage the reasoning performance in LogiKEy. Case studies, in which the
LogiKEy framework and methodology has been applied and tested, give evidence
that HOL's undecidability often does not hinder efficient experimentation.Comment: 50 pages; 10 figure
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Proceedings ICPW'07: 2nd International Conference on the Pragmatic Web, 22-23 Oct. 2007, Tilburg: NL
Proceedings ICPW'07: 2nd International Conference on the Pragmatic Web, 22-23 Oct. 2007, Tilburg: N
On the Optimized Utilization of Smart Contracts in DLTs from the Perspective of Legal Representation and Legal Reasoning
Smart contracts are computer programs stored in blockchain which
open a wide range of applications but also raise some important issues. When we
convert traditional legal contracts written in natural language into smart contracts
written in lines of code, problems will arise. Translation errors will exist in the
process of conversion since the law in natural language is ambiguous and imprecise,
full of conflicts, and the emergence of new evidence may influence the processing
of reasoning. This research project has three purposes: the first aims at
the resolution of these problems from logic and technical perspective to develop
the accuracy and human-readability of smart contracts, by exploring a more novel
and advanced logic-based language to represent legal contracts, and analyzing an
extended argumentation framework with rich expressiveness; the second purpose
is to investigate various existing technologies like Akoma Ntoso and Legal-
RuleML, making the legal knowledge and reasoning machine-readable and be
linked with the real world; third, to investigate the implementation of a mature
multi-agent system incorporating the software agents with sensing, inferring,
learning, decision-making and social abilities that can be fitted onto DLTs
Weighted logics for artificial intelligence : an introductory discussion
International audienceBefore presenting the contents of the special issue, we propose a structured introductory overview of a landscape of the weighted logics (in a general sense) that can be found in the Artificial Intelligence literature, highlighting their fundamental differences and their application areas
Pro-active Meeting Assistants : Attention Please!
This paper gives an overview of pro-active meeting assistants, what they are and when they can be useful. We explain how to develop such assistants with respect to requirement definitions and elaborate on a set of Wizard of Oz experiments, aiming to find out in which form a meeting assistant should operate to be accepted by participants and whether the meeting effectiveness and efficiency can be improved by an assistant at all
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