Detection of HPV in cancerous and non-cancerous esophageal tissues from Turkmen-Sahra, Iran

The aim of this study were to assess the presence of HPV esophageal infection among Iranian Turkmen who live in an area located in the cancer belt in Asia. The specimens derived from 120 patients previously diagnosed for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) non-cancerous tissue derived from esophagus. All specimens were examined for the presence of HPV DNA PCR was utilized to amplify a 150 bp segment of HPV L1 gene using the consensus primers. The amplified region was subsequently sequenced to identify the HPV genotypes. The HPV DNA was detected in 49.4% of patients with SCC, and 58% of non-cancerous tissue of esophagus. The positive samples included HPV-16 (46.6%), HPV-6 (24.6%), HPV-66 (8.2%), HPV-52 (4.1%), HPV-18 (2.7%); 14% of cases were positive for more than one type of HPV. The results confirm the presence of HPV in both esophageal cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. These results imply two different interpretations: 1) Due to non-significant difference between the rate of HPV positive in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, HPV has no important role in esophageal cancers, which is less probable. 2). Because of a highly incidence of esophageal cancer in Turkmen-Sahra region, the HPV is a possible etiologic agent in esophageal carcinogenesis, most probably acting synergistically with physical, chemical, and/or nutritional factors that have previously been found to be related to this malignancy in Turkmen-Sahra. © 2006 Academic Journals Inc., USA

Kansan Guardian Perceptions of HPV and the HPV Vaccine and the Role of Social Media

Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in Kansas historically have been low among children and adolescents. How Kansas parents and guardians perceive the HPV vaccine may influence vaccination rates among Kansas youth. Social media messages also may influence perceptions, suggesting implications for current and future disease and cancer burden. Methods. Eligible Kansas guardians of children aged 9 - 17 years completed an online survey. The survey assessed their perceptions about a) HPV and the HPV vaccine, b) HPV and HPV vaccine representation on social media, and c) the effects that social media has on their perceptions about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Results. Most Kansas guardians (n = 55, 57.9%) indicated seeing information about HPV and the HPV vaccine on social media. Kansas guardians who had reported seeing information on social media about the HPV vaccine were significantly more likely to perceive that the HPV vaccine could kill their child than those who had not seen information (t(79) = 0.019). Additionally, children of wealthier Kansan guardians were vaccinated more than children of less wealthy guardians. Conclusion. Social media messages may be influencing Kansan guardians to think the HPV vaccine is lethal in their children. Future campaigns increasingly should be focused on HPV vaccine safety and effectiveness

Detection of human papillomaviruses type 16, 18 and 33 in bronchial aspirates of lung carcinoma patients by polymerase chain reaction: a study of 84 cases in Croatia [Određivanje humanog papiloma virusa tipa 16, 18 i 33 u aspiratima bronha pacijenata s karcinomom pluća metodom lančane reakcije polimerazom: istraživanje 84 pacijenta u Hrvatskoj]

Besides its well-known role in cervical carcinoma, HPV is also suggested to be involved in lung cancer development. A number of authors have been investigating the presence of HPV in histological materials. We used routine bronchial aspirates from 84 patients with lung carcinoma for DNA extraction and then performed polymerase chain reaction for high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 33. The results were compared to those obtained from buccal and eyelid mucosa. Only three patients were positive for HPV in bronchial aspirates: one for HPV 16 type, one for HPV 18 type, and one for HPV 33. Our data indicated the low prevalence of HPV in patients with lung carcinomas in Croatia, therefore it seems unlikely that HPV contributes to the development of lung carcinomas in this region

Obstetric and Gynecologic Departments, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia

The high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) have already known widely and accepted as a causative agent for cervical cancer. Epidemiologically, predominant high-risk is HPV-16 and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is the most common histological type. HPV genotype probably correlates to histologic type. This study aims to determine how many fold is the risk of SCC on HPV-16 infection. This is a case control with SCC HPV-16 positive as the cases and SCC HPV-16 negative as the controls. Tissues diagnosed as SCC and non SCC was paraffin-embedded. SPF-10 and specific E7-primer types by LiPA were employed for genotyping of HPV-16. c2 was applied to analyze the correlation. A number of 65 SCC consisted of 33 cases and 32 controls were observed in this study. The risk of SCC on HPV-16 infection was 3.40-fold (95% CI = 1.44-8.03; p = 0.004) compare with HPV-16 negative. Controls in this study consist of 18 (27.69%) of HPV-18, 9 (13.85%) of HPV-52, and 5 (7.69%) of other HPV types. The mean-age of case group and control group infected by HPV were 52.28 ± 12.43 and 47.70 ± 8.02 year, respectively (p = 0.02). HPV-16 infection caused SCC is 3.5 more than other high risk group

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in intraosseus ameloblastoma

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been shown as a risk factor in oral carcinogenesis. The association between HPV and benign and malignant neoplasm of oral mucosa, especially surface epithelium-derived tumors, is well established. The role of HPV in pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumors has been published in few articles. The aim of this study was detection of HPV in Iranian patients with intrabony ameloblastoma and investigation of specific risk factors associated with ameloblastoma. One hundred intrabony ameloblastoma and 50 age-sex matched samples as controls were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction for the detection and typing of HPV. Fisher exact and chi square tests were used to assess the data. HPV DNA was detected in 32% of patients and 10% of controls. HPV-6 was the most prevalent genotype (31.6%) in infected cases. It was followed by HPV-11 (12.5%), HPV-16 (12.5%) and HPV-31 (3.1%). We found a significant association between presence of HPV and location of tumor (p = 0.02), traumatic history (p = 0.03) and ododontic therapy (p = 0.01). These findings indicated that HPV-6 probably is one of the most important etiologic agents in causing intraosseous ameloblastoma in Iranian population. © 2006 Academic Journals Inc., USA

Dynamics of genotype-specific HPV clearance and reinfection in rural Ghana may compromise HPV screening approaches

Persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prerequisite for cervical cancer development. Few studies investigated clearance of high-risk HPV in low-and-middle-income countries. Our study investigated HPV clearance and persistence over four years in women from North Tongu District, Ghana. In 2010/2011, cervical swabs of 500 patients were collected and HPV genotyped (nested multiplex PCR) in Accra, Ghana. In 2014, 104 women who previously tested positive for high-risk HPV and remained untreated were re-tested for HPV. Cytobrush samples were genotyped (GP5+/6+ PCR & Luminex-MPG readout) in Berlin, Germany. Positively tested patients underwent colposcopy and treatment if indicated. Of 104 women, who tested high-risk HPV+ in 2010/2011, seven (6,7%; 95%CI: 2.7-13.4%) had ≥1 persistent high-risk-infection after ~4 years (mean age 39 years). Ninety-seven (93,3%; 95%CI: 86.6-97.3%) had cleared the original infection, while 22 (21.2%; 95%CI: 13.8-30.3%) had acquired new high-risk infections with other genotypes. Persistent types found were HPV 16, 18, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, and 68. Among those patients, one case of CIN2 (HPV 68) and one micro-invasive cervical cancer (HPV 16) were detected. This longitudinal observational data suggest that single HPV screening rounds may lead to over-referral. Including type-specific HPV re-testing or additional triage methods could help reduce follow-up rates

The retinoblastoma protein/p16INK4A pathway but not p53 is disrupted by human papillomavirus in penile squamous cell carcinoma

Aims: The pathogenesis of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is not well understood. Human papillomavirus (HPV) may be involved in carcinogenesis, but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in HPV positive and negative cancers. The aim was to determine the extent of HPV infection in different histological subtypes of PSCC and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: p53, p21, p16INK4A and retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Methods and results: One hundred and forty-eight PSCC samples were examined immunohistochemically for RB, p16INK4A, p53 and p21 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of tumours, with HPV16 present in 81%. Basaloid tumours were related strongly to HPV infection (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had HPV infection. RB protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and p16INK4A (P<0.0001) and p21 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with HPV infection. p53 did not correlate with HPV infection. Conclusions: HPV infection is present in more than half of penile cancers and it is responsible for RB pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and p53 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with HPV infection, confirming possible separate aetiologies for those tumours.Peer reviewedSubmitted Versio

Awareness of human papillomavirus among women attending a well woman clinic

Objectives: To assess the level and accuracy of public understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United Kingdom.Methods: Women attending a well woman clinic were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing HPV awareness and specific knowledge about the virus.Results: Questionnaires were completed by 1032 women, of whom 30% had heard of HPV. Older women, non-smokers, and those with a history of candida, genital warts, or an abnormal smear result were more likely to have heard of HPV. Even among those who had heard of HPV, knowledge was generally poor, and fewer than half were aware of the link with cervical cancer. There was also confusion about whether condoms or oral contraceptives could protect against HPV infection.Conclusions: In this relatively well educated sample, awareness and knowledge of HPV were poor. Public education is urgently needed so that women participating in cervical cancer screening are fully informed about the meaning of their results, especially if HPV testing is soon to be introduced

The Role of Dental Hygienist in HPV Prevention and Education in Parents of Adolescents

Objectives/Aims: Today the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infects nearly 14 million people each year in the United States alone. HPV is responsible for several cancers, including oropharyngeal, which is currently on the rise. Each year an estimated 53,000 cases of oropharyngeal cancers are diagnosed, with 70% of the cases related to HPV. The significance of educating dental providers and patients of the correlations between HPV and oropharyngeal cancers involves increased prevention strategies in dental practices. The aim is to begin offering multi-level education to adolescents’ parent’s in routine dental care visits, in order to provide an innovative approach to reduce HPV-related cancers. Methods: A sequence of MeSH terms were used to search the literature which included “HPV prevention strategies”, “Dental hygienist” and “HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer.” Results were refined to studies published within the last five years, excluding other countries outside the United States, and was centered to primary research sources. Results: The Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to increase the rates of several cancers outside the cervical region, including cancers of the oropharynx. Evidence based research has discovered HPV vaccines that protect against strains of cervical cancer are likely to have the same effect in preventing HPV infections in the oropharynx. Researching the current data from The American Dental Education Association and PubMed Database, studies suggest that dental providers often feel uncomfortable providing HPV prevention with patients due to barriers: age, sexual orientation, and patient reactions. Dental providers should strongly consider implementing HPV prevention behaviors in dental practices to include HPV education, recommending the vaccine and referring patients for the vaccination. Conclusion: Compiling appropriate training along with refining dental providers self-efficacy to communicate HPV prevention strategies through continuing education. Along with expertise guided training in dental hygiene curricula could facilitate the process of reducing HPV-related cancers in the oral cavity.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/denh_student/1021/thumbnail.jp