Design of a single ultra-low-loss magnetic ballast for a wide range of T5 high-efficiency fluorescent lamps

A patent-pending single design of an ultralow-loss (ULL) magnetic ballast for T5 high-efficient (T5-HE) fluorescent lamps rated from 14 to 35 W is presented. Based on the use of a nonlinear physical low-pressure discharge lamp model, it is discovered that the same set of ballast parameters can be chosen for operating T5-HE 14-, 21-, 28-, and 35-W lamps at their respective rated power at a mains voltage in the range of 220-240 V. With energy efficiency higher than and lifetime much longer than their electronic counterparts and being recyclable, the ULL ballasts offer a more environmentally friendly solution to T5-HE lamps than electronic ballasts. This single-ballast design offers great convenience to both ballast manufacturers and users, because only one product design can cover a range of the most popular T5-HE lamps. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results are included to confirm the validity of the proposal. © 2011 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Power supply for medium pressure UV lamps

UV záření má velice široké spektrum použití v průmyslové výrobě a při dezinfekci. V současné době se pro spolehlivou generaci UV záření využívají středotlaké rtuťové výbojky. Cílem této práce je seznámit se s principem jednotlivých druhů výbojek a způsoby řízení jejich výkonu. Dále navrhnout elektronický předřadník s kontinuálním řízením výkonu a popřípadě i ověřit správnou funkci jeho nejdůležitějších částí.UV radiation has a very wide range of uses in industrial production and disinfection. At present, medium-pressure mercury lamps are used for the reliable generation of UV radiation. The aim of this work is to get acquainted with the principle of individual types of lamps and methods of controlling their power and to design an electronic ballast with continuous power control and, if necessary, verify the correct function of its most important parts.

Design and Testing of Electronic Devices for Harsh Environments

In this thesis an overview of the research activity focused on development, design and testing of electronic devices and systems for harsh environments has been reported. The scope of the work has been the design and validation flow of Integrated Circuits operating in two harsh applications: Automotive and High Energy Physics experiments. In order to fulfill the severe operating electrical and environmental conditions of automotive applications, a systematic methodology has been followed in the design of an innovative Intelligent Power Switch: several design solutions have been developed at architectural and circuital level, integrating on-chip selfdiagnostic capabilities and full protection against high voltage and reverse polarity, effects of wiring parasitics, over-current and over-temperature phenomena. Moreover current slope and soft start integrated techniques has ensured low EMI, making the Intelligent Power Switch also configurable to drive different interchangeable loads efficiently. The innovative device proposed has been implemented in a 0.35 μm HV-CMOS technology and embedded in mechatronic 3rd generation brush-holder regulator System-on-Chip for an automotive alternator. Electrical simulations and experimental characterization and testing at componentlevel and on-board system-level has proven that the proposed design allows for a compact and smart power switch realization, facing the harshest automotive conditions. The smart driver has been able to supply up to 1.5 A to various types of loads (e.g.: incadescent lamp bulbs, LED), in operating temperatures in the wide range -40 °C to 150 °C, with robustness against high voltage up to 55 V and reverse polarity up to -15 V. The second branch of research activity has been framed within the High Energy Physics area, leading to the development of a general purpose and flexible protocol for the data acquisition and the distribution of Timing, Trigger and Control signals and its implementation in radiation tolerant interfaces in CMOS 130 nm technology. The several features integrated in the protocol has made it suitable for different High Energy Physics experiments: flexibility w.r.t. bandwidth and latency requirements, robustness of critical information against radiation-induced errors, compatibility with different data types, flexibility w.r.t the architecture of the control and readout systems, are the key features of this novel protocol. Innovative radiation hardening techniques have been studied and implemented in the test-chip to ensure the proper functioning in operating environments with a high level of radiation, such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneva. An FPGA-based emulator has been developed and, in a first phase, employed for functional validation of the protocol. In a second step, the emulator has been modified as test-bed to assess the Transmitter and Receiver interfaces embedded on the test-chip. An extensive phase of tests has proven the functioning of the interfaces at the three speed options, 4xF, 8xF and 16xF (F = reference clock frequency) in different configurations. Finally, irradiation tests has been performed at CERN X-rays irradiation facility, bearing out the proper behaviour of the interfaces up to 40 Mrad(SiO2)

Caracterización armónica de dispositivos de iluminación de eficiencia energética

This doctoral thesis is presented as a compendium of six (6) articles published in Science Citation Index journals. The work proposes harmonic models of some of the most common energy efficient lighting devices in electrical installations (i.e., high intensity discharge lamps (HIDLs) with magnetic ballast, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) with integrated ballast, and solid state lighting light emitting diodes (SSL-LEDs) luminaries). The aim of these models and the developed numerical tools is to characterize their harmonic emissions for use in harmonic power flow (HPF) studies in networks with high penetration of these loads. The work contributes mainly with the frequency domain equivalent circuit models and makes significant contributions in the model parameter estimation and suggestions on variations and simplifications of the models.La presente Tesis Doctoral se defiende bajo la modalidad de un compendio de seis (6) artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en el Science Citation Index. En ella se desarrolla la modelización armónica de algunos de los dispositivos de iluminación de eficiencia energética más habituales en las instalaciones eléctricas (i.e. las lámparas de descarga de alta intensidad con balasto magnético HIDLs, las lámparas fluorescentes compactas con balasto integrado CFLs y las lámparas de estado sólido de diodos inorgánicos emisores de luz SSL-LEDs). El objetivo de estos modelos y de las herramientas numéricas desarrolladas, es caracterizar sus emisiones armónicas y poder utilizarlos en programas de flujos de potencia con armónicos (HPF) en redes eléctricas con gran penetración de este tipo de cargas. El trabajo desarrollado contribuye principalmente con modelos de dichas lámparas basados en su circuito equivalente en el dominio de la frecuencia y realiza aportaciones significativas en la estimación de sus parámetros, además de propuestas de variantes y simplificaciones de los modelos

Reator eletrônico para lâmpadas de vapor metálico utilizando técnicas de integração para a correção do fator de potência e eliminação da ressonância acústica

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2011Neste trabalho descrevem-se conversores eletrônicos operando em alta freqüência, para lâmpadas de alta intensidade de descarga de vapores metálicos ou de haletos metálicos. Utilizam-se técnicas de integração para a obtenção de elevado fator de potência e de alimentação para redução da oscilação na potência de saída com o objetivo de eliminar o fenômeno da ressonância acústica. Utiliza-se uma estrutura com dois interruptores controlados que, em operação, integram a função de inversor de tensão em meia ponte para a alimentação da lâmpada e de correção do fator de potência. A integração de funções é obtida com o auxílio de duas estruturas de filtragem, que empregam elementos passivos (indutores e capacitores). Os elementos de saída são responsáveis por limitar a corrente de alimentação da lâmpada bem como seu conteúdo espectral. Os elementos de entrada são responsáveis por possibilitar que a corrente da fonte de alimentação seja senoidal em fase com a tensão e tenha um baixo conteúdo espectral (harmônicos) para a carga dos capacitores de barramento. Além disto, se projetados adequadamente, os capacitores utilizados no filtro de entrada, em conjunto com a impedância de linha, operam como um filtro para reduzir ainda mais o conteúdo espectral da corrente de entrada do reator

Analysis, modeling and design of energy management and multisource power systems

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 581-596).Transformative impacts on our energy security rely on creative approaches for consumption and generation of electricity. Technological contributions can impact both areas if they focus on problems of scale. For example, occupancy-based electrical loads (HVAC and lighting) accounted for roughly 50% of the total consumed electricity in the U.S. in 2008. Meanwhile, roughly 50% of consumed oil in the U.S. is imported. The U.S. Department of Energy has appropriately identified "sensing and measurement" as one of the "five fundamental technologies" essential for achieving energy security. Complementing reductions in consumption with increases in deployment of fossil-fuel-independent generation (solar and wind) and energy storage (batteries, capacitors and fuel cells) will yield a two-fold impact. Lofty energy security goals can be made realizable by aggressive application of inexpensive technologies for minimizing waste and by maximizing energy availability from desirable sources. Long-standing problems in energy consumption and generation can be addressed by adding degrees of freedom to sensing and power conversion systems using multiple electrical sources. This principal drove the invention of the hybrid electric vehicle, which achieves efficiency increases by combining the energy capacity of gasoline with the flexible storage capability of batteries. Similarly, fresh strategies for electrical circuit design, control, and estimation in systems with multiple electrical sources can minimize consumption, extend the useful life of storage, and improve the efficiency of generation. A solar array constitutes a grid or network of panels or cells that may best be modeled and treated as independent sources needing careful control to maximize overall power generation. A fuel cell stack, an array of sources in its own right, is best used in a hybrid arrangement with batteries or capacitors to mitigate the impact of electrical transients. Meanwhile, room lighting constitutes a network of multiple electrostatic field sources that can be particularly useful for occupancy detection. Exploiting performance benefits of multi-source electrical networks requires an increased flexibility in the analysis required to make informed design choices. This thesis addresses the added complexity with linear analytical and modeling approaches that reveal the salient features of complicated multisource systems. Examples and prototypes are presented in capacitive sensing occupancy detectors, hybrid power systems and multi-panel solar arrays.by John Jacob Cooley.Ph.D