Simulation of radio emission from cosmic ray air shower with SELFAS2

We present a microscopic computation of the radio emission from air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the atmosphere. The strategy adopted is to compute each secondary particle contribution of the electromagnetic component and to construct the total signal at any location. SELFAS2 is a code which doesn't rely on air shower generators like AIRES or CORSIKA and it is based on the concept of air shower universality which makes it completely autonomous. Each positron and electron of the air shower is generated randomly following relevant distributions and tracking them along their travel in the atmosphere. We confirm in this paper earlier results that the radio emission is mainly due to the time derivative of the transverse current and the time derivative of the charge excess. The time derivative of the transverse current created by systematic deviations of charges in the geomagnetic field is usually dominant compared to the charge excess contribution except for the case of an air shower parallel to the geomagnetic field.Comment: 17 pages, 21 figure

Effects of ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate on the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic permeants: Comparative in vitro studies with full-thickness and split-thickness pig and human skin

The simultaneous application of ultrasound and the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (referred to as US/SLS) to skin enhances transdermal drug delivery (TDD) in a synergistic mechanical and chemical manner. Since full-thickness skin (FTS) and split-thickness skin (STS) differ in mechanical strength, US/SLS treatment may have different effects on their transdermal transport pathways. Therefore, we evaluated STS as an alternative to the well-established US/SLS-treated FTS model for TDD studies of hydrophilic permeants. We utilized the aqueous porous pathway model to compare the effects of US/SLS treatment on the skin permeability and the pore radius of pig and human FTS and STS over a range of skin electrical resistivity values. Our findings indicate that the US/SLS-treated pig skin models exhibit similar permeabilities and pore radii, but the human skin models do not. Furthermore, the US/SLS-enhanced delivery of gold nanoparticles and quantum dots (two model hydrophilic macromolecules) is greater through pig STS than through pig FTS, due to the presence of less dermis that acts as an artificial barrier to macromolecules. In spite of greater variability in correlations between STS permeability and resistivity, our findings strongly suggest the use of 700 μm-thick pig STS to investigate the in vitro US/SLS-enhanced delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant EB-00351)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Grant DAAD-19-02-D-002)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research FellowshipConselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paul

Suzuki reaction on pyridinium N-haloheteroarylaminides: regioselective synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 2-aminopyrazines

An extensive study of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling processes on N-pyridinium bromoazinyl aminides has been performed. Mono- and disubstitution on 5- and 3,5-bromo derivatives produced the corresponding aryl derivatives. In the disubstituted compounds regioselective substitution at the 3-position occurred, vicinal to the aminide nitrogen, and this was more evident in pyrazine derivatives. The commonly used strategy involving N-alkylation and reduction of the N–N bond gave rise to a series of 2-alkylamino-3,5-disubstituted-pyrazines.The authors wish to thank the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT-BQU2001-1508 and CTQ2005-08902) and the Universidad de Alcalá (UAH GC2005/006) for financial support and the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) for two studentships (M.J.R. and R.C.). We also thank Professor Mijail Galajov for his assistance in the NMR study

Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach

[EN] The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically. Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce. New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform onroad measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible. This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined. 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Broatch, A.; Margot, X.; Gil, A.; Galindo, E.; Soler, R. (2017). Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment. 55:99-112. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.029S991125

越後杉の学童家具の商品化へ向けて 続

This study aims to local production for local consumption, with the aim to effective utilization of prefecture timber. At the same time, it is the goal to develop a standard of the wooden school furniture in place of the steel schoolchildren furniture that is the current mainstream. School furniture of Echigo Cryptomeria japonica, can be suppressed energy consumption at the time of manufacture than steel schoolchildren furniture. In addition, to prevent alleviating global warming the environmental impact for suppressed carbon dioxide emissions. This year, it was carried out to continue the monitoring of Nagaoka Municipal Wajima elementary school up to the previous year.Furthemore, changing the top plate finish,comfirm failure situations due to aging, was carried out specification changes weakened section

Symmetric tensor decomposition

We present an algorithm for decomposing a symmetric tensor, of dimension n and order d as a sum of rank-1 symmetric tensors, extending the algorithm of Sylvester devised in 1886 for binary forms. We recall the correspondence between the decomposition of a homogeneous polynomial in n variables of total degree d as a sum of powers of linear forms (Waring's problem), incidence properties on secant varieties of the Veronese Variety and the representation of linear forms as a linear combination of evaluations at distinct points. Then we reformulate Sylvester's approach from the dual point of view. Exploiting this duality, we propose necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such a decomposition of a given rank, using the properties of Hankel (and quasi-Hankel) matrices, derived from multivariate polynomials and normal form computations. This leads to the resolution of polynomial equations of small degree in non-generic cases. We propose a new algorithm for symmetric tensor decomposition, based on this characterization and on linear algebra computations with these Hankel matrices. The impact of this contribution is two-fold. First it permits an efficient computation of the decomposition of any tensor of sub-generic rank, as opposed to widely used iterative algorithms with unproved global convergence (e.g. Alternate Least Squares or gradient descents). Second, it gives tools for understanding uniqueness conditions, and for detecting the rank