Enhanced group-based wireless ad-hoc sensor network protocol

[EN] Communication is the major energy consumption source in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. Thus, an efficient tradeoff between the energy cost of the communication and network's performance is a key challenge in conceiving a wireless ad-hoc sensor network. In this article, we propose an improved group-based architecture for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. An optimized group forming procedure and an efficient communication operation are introduced. In order to validate the proposed approach, we suggest a group-based strategy to monitor pharmaceutical drugs during transportation. Real measurements of temperature and vibration were performed to validate the effectiveness of our approach.Khedher, M.; Lloret, J.; Douik, A. (2016). Enhanced group-based wireless ad-hoc sensor network protocol. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 12(7):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716659427S118127Dargie, W., & Poellabauer, C. (2010). Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks. doi:10.1002/9780470666388Singh, S. P., & Sharma, S. C. (2015). A Survey on Cluster Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks. Procedia Computer Science, 45, 687-695. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.133Liao, Y., Qi, H., & Li, W. (2013). Load-Balanced Clustering Algorithm With Distributed Self-Organization for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 13(5), 1498-1506. doi:10.1109/jsen.2012.2227704Peng, I.-H., & Chen, Y.-W. (2013). Energy consumption bounds analysis and its applications for grid based wireless sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 36(1), 444-451. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2012.04.014Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Lloret, J., García, M., Boronat, F., & Tomás, J. (s. f.). MANET Protocols Performance in Group-based Networks. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 161-172. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84839-6_13Lloret, J., Garcia, M., & Tomas, J. (s. f.). Improving Mobile and Ad-hoc Networks performance using Group-Based Topologies. Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks II, 209-220. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09441-0_18Lloret, J., Palau, C., Boronat, F., & Tomas, J. (2008). Improving networks using group-based topologies. Computer Communications, 31(14), 3438-3450. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.05.030Garcia, M., Sendra, S., Lloret, J., & Canovas, A. (2011). Saving energy and improving communications using cooperative group-based Wireless Sensor Networks. Telecommunication Systems, 52(4), 2489-2502. doi:10.1007/s11235-011-9568-3Garcia, M., & Lloret, J. (2009). A Cooperative Group-Based Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring. Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, 276-279. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04265-2_41Shaikh, R. A., Jameel, H., d’ Auriol, B. J., Heejo Lee, Sungyoung Lee, & Young-Jae Song. (2009). Group-Based Trust Management Scheme for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 20(11), 1698-1712. doi:10.1109/tpds.2008.258Chen, Y.-S., Hsu, C.-S., & Lee, H.-K. (2014). An Enhanced Group Mobility Protocol for 6LoWPAN-Based Wireless Body Area Networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(3), 797-807. doi:10.1109/jsen.2013.2287895Yao-Chung Chang, Zhi-Sheng Lin, & Jiann-Liang Chen. (2006). Cluster based self-organization management protocols for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 52(1), 75-80. doi:10.1109/tce.2006.1605028Fazio, P., De Rango, F., Sottile, C., & Santamaria, A. F. (2013). Routing Optimization in Vehicular Networks: A New Approach Based on Multiobjective Metrics and Minimum Spanning Tree. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(11), 598675. doi:10.1155/2013/598675Saravanan, M., & Madheswaran, M. (2014). A Hybrid Optimized Weighted Minimum Spanning Tree for the Shortest Intrapath Selection in Wireless Sensor Network. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014, 1-8. doi:10.1155/2014/71342

Intrusion-aware Alert Validation Algorithm for Cooperative Distributed Intrusion Detection Schemes of Wireless Sensor Networks

Existing anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks have mainly focused on the detection of intrusions. Once the intrusion is detected, an alerts or claims will be generated. However, any unidentified malicious nodes in the network could send faulty anomaly and intrusion claims about the legitimate nodes to the other nodes. Verifying the validity of such claims is a critical and challenging issue that is not considered in the existing cooperative-based distributed anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a validation algorithm that addresses this problem. This algorithm utilizes the concept of intrusion-aware reliability that helps to provide adequate reliability at a modest communication cost. In this paper, we also provide a security resiliency analysis of the proposed intrusion-aware alert validation algorithm.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Solutions and Tools for Secure Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

Secure communication is considered a vital requirement in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. Such a requirement embraces different aspects, including confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of exchanged information, proper management of security material, and effective prevention and reaction against security threats and attacks. However, WSNs are mainly composed of resource-constrained devices. That is, network nodes feature reduced capabilities, especially in terms of memory storage, computing power, transmission rate, and energy availability. As a consequence, assuring secure communication in WSNs results to be more difficult than in other kinds of network. In fact, trading effectiveness of adopted solutions with their efficiency becomes far more important. In addition, specific device classes or technologies may require to design ad hoc security solutions. Also, it is necessary to efficiently manage security material, and dynamically cope with changes of security requirements. Finally, security threats and countermeasures have to be carefully considered since from the network design phase. This Ph.D. dissertion considers secure communication in WSNs, and provides the following contributions. First, we provide a performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 security services. Then, we focus on the ZigBee technology and its security services, and propose possible solutions to some deficiencies and inefficiencies. Second, we present HISS, a highly scalable and efficient key management scheme, able to contrast collusion attacks while displaying a graceful degradation of performance. Third, we present STaR, a software component for WSNs that secures multiple traffic flows at the same time. It is transparent to the application, and provides runtime reconfigurability, thus coping with dynamic changes of security requirements. Finally, we describe ASF, our attack simulation framework for WSNs. Such a tool helps network designers to quantitatively evaluate effects of security attacks, produce an attack ranking based on their severity, and thus select the most appropriate countermeasures

Mengenal pasti masalah pemahaman dan hubungannya dengan latar belakang matematik, gaya pembelajaran, motivasi dan minat pelajar terhadap bab pengawalan kos makanan di Sekolah Menengah Teknik (ert) Rembau: satu kajian kes.

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan korelasi antara latar belakang Matematik, gaya pembelajaran, motivasi dan minat dengan pemahaman pelajar terhadap bab tersebut. Responden adalah seramai 30 orang iaitu terdiri daripada pelajar tingkatan lima kursus Katering, Sekolah Menengah Teknik (ERT) Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. Instrumen kajian adalah soal selidik dan semua data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 10.0 untuk mendapatkan nilai min dan nilai korelasi bagi memenuhi objektif yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa hubungan korelasi antara gaya pembelajaran pelajar terhadap pemahaman pelajar adalah kuat. Manakala hubungan korelasi antara latar belakang Matematik, motivasi dan minat terhadap pemahaman pelajar adalah sederhana. Nilai tahap min bagi masalah pemahaman pelajar, latar belakang Matematik, gaya pembelajaran, motivasi dan minat terhadap bab Pengawalan Kos Makanan adalah sederhana. Kajian ini mencadangkan penghasilan satu Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri bagi bab Pengawalan Kos Makanan untuk membantu pelajar kursus Katering dalam proses pembelajaran mereka

An Energy Aware and Secure MAC Protocol for Tackling Denial of Sleep Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks which form part of the core for the Internet of Things consist of resource constrained sensors that are usually powered by batteries. Therefore, careful energy awareness is essential when working with these devices. Indeed,the introduction of security techniques such as authentication and encryption, to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data, can place higher energy load on the sensors. However, the absence of security protection c ould give room for energy drain attacks such as denial of sleep attacks which have a higher negative impact on the life span ( of the sensors than the presence of security features. This thesis, therefore, focuses on tackling denial of sleep attacks from two perspectives A security perspective and an energy efficiency perspective. The security perspective involves evaluating and ranking a number of security based techniques to curbing denial of sleep attacks. The energy efficiency perspective, on the other hand, involves exploring duty cycling and simulating three Media Access Control ( protocols Sensor MAC, Timeout MAC andTunableMAC under different network sizes and measuring different parameters such as the Received Signal Strength RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator ( Transmit power, throughput and energy efficiency Duty cycling happens to be one of the major techniques for conserving energy in wireless sensor networks and this research aims to answer questions with regards to the effect of duty cycles on the energy efficiency as well as the throughput of three duty cycle protocols Sensor MAC ( Timeout MAC ( and TunableMAC in addition to creating a novel MAC protocol that is also more resilient to denial of sleep a ttacks than existing protocols. The main contributions to knowledge from this thesis are the developed framework used for evaluation of existing denial of sleep attack solutions and the algorithms which fuel the other contribution to knowledge a newly developed protocol tested on the Castalia Simulator on the OMNET++ platform. The new protocol has been compared with existing protocols and has been found to have significant improvement in energy efficiency and also better resilience to denial of sleep at tacks Part of this research has been published Two conference publications in IEEE Explore and one workshop paper

The importance of energy efficient in wireless sensor networks

Mobile Node-based routing is an efficient routing technique compared to traditional approaches. Due to this FERP majorly data isolation is provided for sensor nodes, and the network is more energy efficient. The Mobile data collector collects data from only Family heads and forwards to the cluster head. The Node level energy saving scheme is proposed in this work. The performance of this routing protocol is assessed based on Energy consumption, Throughput, Lifetime, Packet Delivery Ratio, Energy efficiency. Most of the Energy is saved due to the introducing of mobile nodes for data collection. Apart from this, we are reducing the load for mobile data collectors also. In general, mobile data collectors have high energy resources. But it is not possible in all terrains. This FERP gives better results in military and plateaus, and irregular terrains where multihop communication is complex. This work is further enhanced by Trust node based routing to improve the lifetime of the network