Modeling of the radiometric characteristics of a simulated fluorescent imager

The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in stimulated plant fluorescence could be detected by a remote sensing system. By measuring the changes in fluorescent signal the health status of vegetation can be determined. The plant condition can be assessed by viewing the ratio 690 nm/ 730 nm from the fluorescent spectra at the leaf level. The question is whether the change in fluorescent spectra (change in the ratio) can be seen at a remote location. In order to address this question a theoretical scenario was developed and the expected signal at a remote location was determined through radiometric calculations. The scenario involved determining the signal, at three different standoff distances, from a soybean plant under six different plant conditions. The fluorescent signal of a plant at the leaf level was taken (from previous research) and the effects of the canopy factored into the signal. This was accomplished through use of a theoretical canopy model. Lowtran was used to model the atmospheric effects. The atmospheric and sensor system effects were incorporated through a series of radiometric calculations. This provided the fluorescent ratio (690 nm/730 nm) for three different sensor standoff distances and six different plant conditions. It was found that the six different soybean conditions could be distinguished from one another when measured at a standoff of 10 or 30 meters. In order for all six conditions to be distinguished, the canopy density of the plant had to have a value above 1 and 1.5 in the 10m and 30 m cases. Also the measured signal had to be averaged over four detector resolution elements. In the case of a 300 meter standoff the different plant conditions could be seen if the plant canopy had a leaf area index (canopy density) of at least 2.3 and the signal was averaged over 16 resolution elements. The collection conditions, leaf area index, canopy structure, soil reflectivity, atmospheric conditions, and sensor system response were all found to affect the fluorescent ratio measured

Flavonoid glycosides from Persea caerulea. Unraveling their interactions with SDS-micelles through matrix-assisted DOSY, PGSE, mass spectrometry, and NOESY

Two flavonoid glycosides derived from rhamnopyranoside (1) and arabinofuranoside (2) have been isolated from leaves of Persea caerulea for the first time. The structures of 1 and 2 have been established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, together with LC–ESI–TOF and LC–ESI–IT MS spectrometry. From the MS and MS/MS data, the molecular weights of the intact molecules as well as those of quercetin and kaempferol together with their sugar moieties were deduced. The NMR data provided information on the identity of the compounds, as well as the α and β configurations and the position of the glycosides on quercetin and kaempferol. We have also explored the application of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) normal micelles in binary aqueous solution, at a range of concentrations, to the diffusion resolution of these two glycosides, by the application of matrix‐assisted diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and pulse field gradient spin echo (PGSE) methodologies, showing that SDS micelles offer a significant resolution which can, in part, be rationalized in terms of differing degrees of hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity, and steric effects. In addition, intra‐residue and inter‐residue proton–proton distances using nuclear Overhauser effect build‐up curves were used to elucidate the conformational preferences of these two flavonoid glycosides when interacting with the micelles. By the combination of both diffusion and nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy techniques, the average location site of kaempferol and quercetin glycosides has been postulated, with the former exhibiting a clear insertion into the interior of the SDS‐micelle, whereas the latter is placed closer to the surface.Junta de Andalucía P12-FQM-266

Granica osjetljivosti protustrujnog detektora propustljivosti

Paying attention to a two-inlet turbomolecular pump and a new counter-flow leak detector proposed by G. Reich, we made a general survey of leak-detection systems. Among many types of leak-detection systems, we selected several of them, including a system with a new type counter-flow leak detector, and analysed their performances. To evaluate leak-detection performance of the systems, minimum detectable leak and time constant of response are introduced. In terms of these quantities, we evaluate the leak-detection performance of the systems, and explore the leak-detection limit.Izlaže se opći pregled sistema za detekciju propustljivosti vakuumskih uređaja s posebnom pažnjom na turbomolekulsku pumpu s dva ulaza i na nov protustrujni detektor propustljivosti. Radi određivanja učinkovitosti rada tih sustava, raspravlja se minimalno propuštanje koje se može opaziti i vremenska konstanta odziva sustava. Pomoću tih značajki određuju se učinkovitosti raznih uređaja

Granica i transnacionalizam: graničari i prelaznici granica i prelaznici granica

Naučni rad ispituje način pojavljivanja granice u mađarskoj književnosti. Granice kao tačke li linije koje za ljude postaju specijalna tačka i linija jer se tamo uvek dešava nešto i jer tamo, dok ljudi čekaju, oni promišljaju svoje živote. U doba transnacionalizma – čak i ako su u okviru Evropske unije granice postale otvorenije – to je i dalje važno za stanovnike Balkana, pa i za Mađare u Srbiji. Narative i životne priče u vezi sa prelaskom granice postaju važan deo identiteta u kojem „Ja” u kontekstu „Nas” i „Njih” dobija novu dimenziju

Riječ uredništva

Ovaj prvi broj sadrži tematski izbor građe o pravu Hrvatske na Slavoniju i o utvrđivanju njezinih istočnih granica. Gradivo sadrži dvije zaokružene cjeline. Prva cjelina sadrži elaborate koje su izradili Hrvatski sabor i Hrvatske kraljevinske konferencije od 1792-1848. braneći povijesno pravo Hrvatske na tzv. donjoslavonske županije od ugarskih pretenzija. Druga cjelina sadrži dokumentaciju nastalu od 1945-1947. povodom utvrđivanja istočnih granica Republike Hrvatske

Granica nowoczesności

The author presents a short account of the debate on Modernism (in renewed meaning of the term) in the Polish literary history. He highlights the positions which indicate a dual character of modern literature (e.g. its avant-garde and neo-classical currents). He concurs with the opinion that what decided on peculiarity of literary modernism was a dialectics of these two main tendencies. This dialectics is visible not only in the currents of the epoch but also on the level of individual works. In Poland modern literature reached its decadent phase in 1960s, but it was so diverse that perceiving it as a homogenous system is impossible. Postmodernism should be connected not only with deconstruction of the meaning and the system of modern literature but also with the situation in Poland carrying out this process in 1990s.Edward Balcerzan (1990). Przygody człowieka książkowego (ogólne i szczególne). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PEN.Włodzimierz Bolecki (1996). Teksty i głosy (z zagadnień poetyki modernizmu). „Teksty Drugie”, 4, s. 5-19.Włodzimierz Bolecki (1997). Postmodernizowanie modernizmu. „Teksty Drugie”, 1-2, s. 31-45.Włodzimierz Bolecki (1999). Polowanie na postmodernistów (w Polsce) i inne szkice. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.Włodzimierz Bolecki (2002). Modernizm w literaturze polskiej XX wieku (rekonesans). „Teksty Drugie”, 4, s. 11-34.Michał Głowiński (1990). Mity przebrane: Dionizos, Narcyz, Prometeusz, Marchołt, labirynt. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.Jerzy Jarzębski (1998). Pożegnanie z emigracją : o powojennej prozie polskiej. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.Eleazar Mieletinski (1981). Poetyka mitu, przeł. Józef Dancygier. Warszawa: PIW.Stefan Morawski (1985). Na zakręcie: od sztuki do po-sztuki. Kraków-Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Literackie.Stefan Morawski (1994). Na tropach modernizmu jako formacji kulturowej. „Teksty Drugie”, 5-6, s. 62-78.Edward Możejko (1994). Modernizm literacki : niejasnośc terminu i dychotomia kierunku. „Teksty Drugie”, 5-6, s. 26-45.Arent van Nieukerken (1998). Ironiczny konceptyzm : nowoczesna polska proza metafizyczna w kontekście anglosaskiego modernizmu. Kraków : TAiWPN „Universitas”.Ryszard Nycz (1984). Sylwy współczesne : problem konstrukcji tekstu. Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków-Gdańsk-Łódź: ZN im. Ossolińskich.Ryszard Nycz (1998). Jezyk modernizmu : prolegomena historycznoliterackie. Wrocław: Fundacja na Rzecz Nauki Polskiej.Ryszard Nycz (2002). Literatura nowoczesna: cztery dyskursy (tezy). „Teksty Drugie”, 4, s. 35-46.Joanna Orska (2004). Przełom awangardowy w dwudziestowiecznym modernizmie w Polsce. Kraków: TAiWPN „Universitas”.Krzysztof Rutkowski (1987). Przeciw (w) literaturze : esej o „poezji czynnej” Mirona Białoszewskiego i Edwarda Stachury. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Pomorze.Dorota Siwicka i in. (red.) (1996). Szybko i szybciej : eseje o pośpiechu w kulturze. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo IBL

Premošćivanje granica, ublažavanje siromaštva: uloga inozemnih doznaka

This paper examines the impact of international remittances on poverty. A three-stage least squares model is used to examine whether there is a two-way relationship between poverty and international remittances. Rising poverty levels create incentives for migration abroad, with immigrants sending remittances back to their country of origin, thereby reducing poverty. Higher household incomes are associated with a decline in poverty, while growing income inequality tends to exacerbate poverty. In addition, trade openness has a positive effect on international remittances, and in financially developed economies, official remittances flow more smoothly as transaction costs decline. By channeling international remittances, which are recognised as a stable source of financial support, into the accumulation of physical and human capital, they contribute to economic development and enhance their impact on poverty reduction. This study makes a notable contribution to the literature by using the latest comprehensive dataset and an econometric methodology. It also distinguishes the impact of international remittances on poverty using income group-specific and region-specific considerations.Ovaj rad istražuje utjecaj inozemnih doznaka na siromaštvo. Metodom trostupanjskog modela najmanjih kvadrata ispituje se postoji li dvosmjerna veza između siromaštva i inozemnih doznaka. Sve veće razine siromaštva potiču migraciju u inozemstvo, pri čemu imigranti šalju doznake natrag u svoju zemlju podrijetla, smanjujući siromaštvo. Viši prihodi kućanstava povezani su sa smanjenjem siromaštva, dok ga sve veća nejednakost u prihodima pogoršava. Osim toga, otvorenost trgovine pozitivno utječe na inozemne novčane doznake, a u financijski razvijenim gospodarstvima službene doznake teku lakše kako transakcijski troškovi opadaju. Usmjeravanjem inozemnih novčanih doznaka, koje su prepoznate kao stabilan izvor financijske potpore, u akumulaciju fizičkoga i ljudskoga kapitala, one pridonose gospodarskom razvoju i pojačavaju svoj utjecaj na smanjenje siromaštva. Ovaj rad daje značajan doprinos literaturi upotrebom najnovijeg sveobuhvatnog skupa podataka i ekonometrijske metodologije te razlikuje utjecaje inozemnih doznaka na siromaštvo služeći se razmatranjima specifičnim za dohodovnu skupinu i regiju

ODREĐIVANJE ELASTIČNE GRANICE ISKOPA KOD VELIKIH PODZEMNIH RUDARSKIH PROJEKATA

Uncertainty-based stope boundary optimization is a complex part of underground mine planning, especially in mass mining projects and notably block caving. Besides, grade variation and grade uncertainty are significant sources of error in mining projects. This paper presents a procedure to determine a resilient block-cave stope boundary considering the ore grade uncertainties. The procedure applies the floating stope algorithm, the maximum upside/minimum downside, and the value at risk for design evaluation. The floating stope algorithm is customized for block caving and is used to determine the stope boundary over some simulated grade models. The idea fits into a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Finally, the most resilient stope boundary is selected by considering several criteria and the TOPSIS method. According to the results, the resilient stope boundary covers an area where the mineable reserve is 977 Mt with an average copper grade of 0.51%.Optimizacija granica iskopa metodom temeljenom na nesigurnosti složen je dio projektiranja podzemnih rudnika, posebno u projektima masovnoga rudarenja te u metodi blokovskoga iskopa. Osim toga, varijacija u stupnju i nesigurnost sadržaja rude česti su izvori pogrešaka u rudarskim projektima. Ovaj rad predstavlja postupak za određivanje elastične granice blokovskoga iskopa uzimajući u obzir nesigurnosti sadržaja rude. Postupak primjenjuje algoritam plutajućih granica iskopa, maksimalno dobru / minimalno lošu stranu i rizičnu vrijednost za ocjenu dizajna. Algoritam plutajućih granica iskopa prilagođen je za blokovsku metodu iskopa i koristi se za određivanje granice iskopa preko određenih simuliranih stupnjevitih modela. Ideja se uklapa u višekriterijski problem odlučivanja. Konačno, odabire se najelastičnija granica iskopa uzimajući u obzir nekoliko kriterija i TOPSIS metodu. Prema rezultatima elastična granica iskopa pokriva područje gdje eksploatacijske rezerve iznose 977 Mt s prosječnim sadržajem bakra od 0,51 %

Północna granica zasięgu osadnictwa kultury późnej ceramiki wstęgowej

oai:ojs.pressto.amu.edu.pl:article/439The author of the article addresses the issue of the Late Linear Pottery culture settlement recognised north of traditionally defined agricultural enclaves in the Polish Lowland. Assemblages and stray finds have been analysed in terms of spatial and stylistic variability in the context of the relationship between Neolithic communities and groups of hunter-gatherers