Energy Management Strategy Using ANFIS Approach for Hybrid Power System

Renewable Energy Sources are the promising hopes of upcoming years as they are abundant in nature and available free of cost. In addition to this, these sources are pollution-free which makes them a perfect substitute for fossil fuels. A Hybrid Power System (HPS) is one that has multiple power generating sources like Photo Voltaic (PV) system, Wind turbine, Fuel cell, etc. interconnected to supply electric power for varying demand requirements with / without energy storage backup. This paper concentrates on the automation for control and integration of Renewable energy systems Viz. PV system, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with Nickel-Metal-Hydride (Ni-MH) battery together with a variable load. The Proposed HPS mainly focuses on the use of PV which is 100% clean in nature with no toxic emissions on power generation. Here, the solar photovoltaic system with power extracting maximum by algorithm used as the major supply contributor in the HPS to meet with variable load demands. If there is a deficit of power supply from PV, the power from the Ni-MH battery / SOFC is utilized to meet the varying load demands. On the other hand, if there is excess supply from PV system, the excess energy will be stored in the Ni-MH battery. For efficient supply-demand balance, the HPS makes use of various control strategies namely Proportional Integral (PI) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

Design and Implementation of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Tracking Control for a DC-DC Buck Converter

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller for a DC-DC buck converter using Arduino board. The proposed fuzzy controller is able to pilot the states of the buck converter to track a reference model. The T-S fuzzy model is employed, firstly, to represent exactly the dynamics of the nonlinear buck converter system, and then the considered controller is designed on the basis of a concept called Virtual Desired Variables (VDVs). In this case, a two-stage design procedure is developed: i) determine the reference model according to the desired output voltage, ii) determine the fuzzy controller gains by solving a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). A digital implementation of the proposed T-S fuzzy controller is carried out using the ATmega328P-based Microcontroller of the Arduino Uno board. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme

Performance investigation of ANFIS and PSO DFFP based boost converter with NICI using solar panel

The modeling and development of the boost DC to DC converter with Partial Swarm Optimization with Distinctive Feed Forward Propagation (PSO-DFFP) controller for hybrid power systems including solar panels. The static and dynamic investigation of the developed PSO DEEP controller is presented. The PSO-DFFP controller has been designed to improve the operating efficiency and reduces the input converter current ripple. The PSO DFFP controller is developed and performance is compared with ANFIS and FLC. The developed system reduces the switching losses and voltage drops in switching modes. The designed system is demonstrated and developed with 200W, 100kHz model. The investigation results is exposed that the developed PSO DEEP system is an acceptable for SOLAR applications

Current-Sensorless Control Strategy for the MPPT of a PV Cell:An Energy-Based Approach

A novel energy-based modelling and control strategy is developed and implemented to solve the maximum power point tracking problem when a photovoltaic cell array is connected to consumption loads. A mathematical model that contains key characteristic parameters of an energy converter stage connected to a photovoltaic cell array is proposed and recast using the port-Hamiltonian framework. The system consists of input-output power port pairs and storage and dissipating elements. Then, a current-sensorless control loop for a maximum power point tracking is designed, acting over the energy converter stage and following an interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based strategy. The performance of the proposed strategy is compared to a (classical) sliding mode control law. Our energy-based strategy is implemented in a hardware platform with a sampling rate of 122 Hz, resulting in lower dynamic power consumption compared to other maximum power point tracking control strategies. Numerical simulations and experimental results validate the performance of the proposed energy-based modelling and the novel control law approach

An efficient hybrid photovoltaic battery power system based grid-connected applications

Power management systems for grid-tied photovoltaic-battery power systems are the focus of this research. Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, lithium-ion batteries, and a voltage source inverter (VSC) are all part of the system. By employing the fuzzy logic (FL) technique, a PV system's power output can be maximized in a variety of weather circumstances. In addition, the state-of-charge-based power management system (PMS) was investigated to manage power sharing between sources and the grid and then manages the battery module's charge/discharge process. Active-reactive (PQ) control was used on the VSC converter while it was synced with the grid and regulated. In order to model and simulate the suggested system under various solar irradiances, Matlab/Simulink was employed. In contrast to the standard grid-connected inverter, which operates without batteries, the simulation results showed that adding the battery energy storage system BESS increased the system's performance. A grid-connected inverter that makes use of BESS can prevent the absence of PV energy or shading of the arrays. To explain why PMS is so effective, the simulations show that the injected grid current is more stable and has less total harmonic distortion (THD)

Development of a multi-port DC-DC converter for a magnetically-coupled residential micro-grid

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Over the last century, the global average air temperature at the earth surface has been raised for about 0.74ºC, which has generated serious concerns all around the world about the global warming and consequent environmental problems. The electricity generation as one of the major contributors to the environmental pollutions should undergo a fundamental change towards the clean energy sources. In the residential sector, one of the major electricity users, the demand for renewable energy sources is increasing significantly. This thesis presents an effort to develop a residential micro-grid, including multiple renewable energy sources, energy storage, and local loads with multiport power electronic converters capable of bidirectional power flow and intelligent algorithms for power converter and micro-grid controls. A topology of multi-port converter using a high frequency magnetic link is proposed for residential micro-grid applications. Using the magnetic link in the proposed multi-port converter can reduce the complexity and size of the entire micro-grid effectively. The micro-grid is designed to supply a 4.5 kW residential load from combined energy sources of a PV array, a fuel cell stack, and a battery bank. It is controlled by a Texas instrument DSP (C2000/TMS320F28335) at the device level and a PC system as the energy management unit (EMU) at the system level. A single phase bidirectional inverter is designed to link the proposed micro-gird to the main grid. The inverter is controlled by a second DSP at the device level and by the EMU at the system level. The proposed micro-grid is able to operate in different operation modes based on the power flow directions and energy management scenarios. The EMU defines the appropriate operation mode of the system based on the short-term and long-term predictions of PV generation, and load demand by changing the power flow directions between the sources, energy storage unit, and loads. Due to the importance of the magnetic link in the micro-grid performance and complexity of design of high-frequency multi-winding magnetic components, a major part of the research is focused on the design, development and experimental test of the magnetic link. The geometry of the magnetic link including the dimensions of magnetic core and windings are designed through numerical analysis by using the reluctance network model (RNM). The core loss and copper loss analysis of the magnetic link are carried out accurately considering the non-sinusoidal effect of voltage and current waveforms. The designed component is then evaluated for the thermal limits by using the thermal electric model. The last part of this stage is the prototyping, experimental tests, and measurement of the component parameters and performance. The second part of the research is mainly focused on the design and analysis of the converters as the device level analysis of proposed micro-grid. It contains the analysis of the three dc-dc converters in the steady and transient states, discussion on the modulation technique of each converter, power flow control techniques, small signal modelling, and closed loop control design. The converter steady state waveforms are simulated and the soft-switching operation range is discussed. The converter waveforms are experimentally measured and compared with the numerical simulation results. The third part of the research is dedicated to the system level control of the micro-grid and energy management analysis. In this section, the main operation modes of the system are defined for both grid-connected and isolated operation conditions according to the power flow directions in the system. An energy management strategy is proposed considering both the short- and long-term energy forecasts and the real-time operational data of the system. The proposed strategy is implemented in an energy management unit using MATLAB/GUI and is used to control the system operation modes considering different control objectives and scenarios

Electric Vehicles Charging Stations’ Architectures, Criteria, Power Converters, and Control Strategies in Microgrids

Electric Vehicles (EV) usage is increasing over the last few years due to a rise in fossil fuel prices and the rate of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The EV charging stations are powered by the existing utility power grid systems, increasing the stress on the utility grid and the load demand at the distribution side. The DC grid-based EV charging is more efficient than the AC distribution because of its higher reliability, power conversion efficiency, simple interfacing with renewable energy sources (RESs), and integration of energy storage units (ESU). The RES-generated power storage in local ESU is an alternative solution for managing the utility grid demand. In addition, to maintain the EV charging demand at the microgrid levels, energy management and control strategies must carefully power the EV battery charging unit. Also, charging stations require dedicated converter topologies, control strategies and need to follow the levels and standards. Based on the EV, ESU, and RES accessibility, the different types of microgrids architecture and control strategies are used to ensure the optimum operation at the EV charging point. Based on the above said merits, this review paper presents the different RES-connected architecture and control strategies used in EV charging stations. This study highlights the importance of different charging station architectures with the current power converter topologies proposed in the literature. In addition, the comparison of the microgrid-based charging station architecture with its energy management, control strategies, and charging converter controls are also presented. The different levels and types of the charging station used for EV charging, in addition to controls and connectors used in the charging station, are discussed. The experiment-based energy management strategy is developed for controlling the power flow among the available sources and charging terminals for the effective utilization of generated renewable power. The main motive of the EMS and its control is to maximize usage of RES consumption. This review also provides the challenges and opportunities for EV charging, considering selecting charging stations in the conclusion.publishedVersio

Active Power Control of a PV Generator for Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant

Controllo di potenza attiva per impianti fotovoltaici di grande taglia senza energy storage. Descrizione dei grid code requirements, tendenze attuali mercato voltaico. Descrizione modello cella fotovoltaica, modello dell'inverter e del suo controllo. Algoritmo modificato per taglio di potenza attiva con valore fisso di potenza. Analisi economico-comparativa tra una soluzione con energy storage e senza energy storage per il taglio di potenza attiva