Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatrics

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows non-invasive assessment of human brain function in vivo by detecting blood flow differences. In this review, we want to illustrate the background and different aspects of performing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the pediatric age group. An overview over current and future applications of fMRI will be given, and typical problems, pitfalls, and benefits of doing fMRI in the pediatric age group are discussed. We conclude that fMRI can successfully be applied in children and holds great promise for both research and clinical purposes

Deep learning based pipeline for fingerprinting using brain functional MRI connectivity data

In this work we describe an appropriate pipeline for using deep-learning as a form of improving the brain functional connectivity-based fingerprinting process which is based in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data-processing results. This pipeline approach is mostly intended for neuroscientists, biomedical engineers, and physicists that are looking for an easy form of using fMRI-based Deep-Learning in identifying people, drastic brain alterations in those same people, and/or pathologic consequences to people’s brains. Computer scientists and engineers can also gain by noticing the data-processing improvements obtained by using the here-proposed pipeline. With our best approach, we obtained an average accuracy of 0.3132 ± 0.0129 and an average validation cost of 3.1422 ± 0.0668, which clearly outperformed the published Pearson correlation approach performance with a 50 Nodes parcellation which had an accuracy of 0.237.Thanks to Eduarda Sousa for support. NFL was supported by a fellowship of the project MEDPERSYST - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016428, funded by Portugal’s FCT. This work was also supported by NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, and NORTE 2020 under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement through the FEDER, plus it was funded by the European Commission (FP7) “SwitchBox - Maintaining health in old age through homeostasis” (Contract HEALTH-F2-2010-259772), and co-financed by the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), under the QREN through FEDER, and by the “Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian” (Portugal) (Contract grant number: P-139977; project “TEMPO - Better mental health during ageing based on temporal prediction of individual brain ageing trajectories”). We gratefully acknowledge the support of the NVIDIA Corporation with their donation of a Quadro P6000 board used in this research. This work was also supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neuroimaging Weighs In: Humans Meet Macaques in “Primate” Visual Cortex

It has been only a decade since functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was introduced, but approximately four fMRI papers are now published every working day. Here we review this progress in a well studied system: primate visual cortex

Application and advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging and blood oxygen level dependant (BOLD) imaging modality

The objective of the study was to introduce the availability of bold imaging facility at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi for the first time in Pakistan and also to review the practical application and advantages of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and blood oxygen level dependant (BOLD) Imaging Procedures. The study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from August 2008 to November 2008 .Three patients were selected that had presented with intracranial space occupying lesions. They underwent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The findings of the images were important to describe and localize the eloquent brain areas and their relationship to the underlying pathology. In conclusion this study reflected the significance of the Blood Oxygen Level Dependant (BOLD) imaging modality that can help in improved outcome of patients presenting with intracranial space occupying lesions

Reorganization of Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Due to Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis

Purpose: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) often suffer from material-specific memory impairments. The purpose of this study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the organization of specific memory functions in these patients

A systematic review of relations between resting-state functional-MRI and treatment response in major depressive disorder

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising predictor of treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD)

BOLD fMRI Simulation

Background: Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is sensitive to changes in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) brain magnetic states. The fMRI scanner produces a complex-valued image, but the calculation of the original BOLD magnetic source is not a mathematically tractable problem. We conduct numeric simulations to understand the BOLD fMRI model

fMRI of Deep Brain Stimulation at the Rat Ventral Posteromedial Thalamus

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of deep brain stimulation (DBS) has potentials to reveal neuroanatomical connectivity of a specific brain region in vivo

Scale-free brain functional networks

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to extract {\em functional networks} connecting correlated human brain sites. Analysis of the resulting networks in different tasks shows that: (a) the distribution of functional connections, and the probability of finding a link vs. distance are both scale-free, (b) the characteristic path length is small and comparable with those of equivalent random networks, and (c) the clustering coefficient is orders of magnitude larger than those of equivalent random networks. All these properties, typical of scale-free small world networks, reflect important functional information about brain states.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 2 table