214 research outputs found

    Strategy Tripod Perspective on the Determinants of Airline Efficiency in A Global Context: An Application of DEA and Tobit Analysis

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    The airline industry is vital to contemporary civilization since it is a key player in the globalization process: linking regions, fostering global commerce, promoting tourism and aiding economic and social progress. However, there has been little study on the link between the operational environment and airline efficiency. Investigating the amalgamation of institutions, organisations and strategic decisions is critical to understanding how airlines operate efficiently. This research aims to employ the strategy tripod perspective to investigate the efficiency of a global airline sample using a non-parametric linear programming method (data envelopment analysis [DEA]). Using a Tobit regression, the bootstrapped DEA efficiency change scores are further regressed to determine the drivers of efficiency. The strategy tripod is employed to assess the impact of institutions, industry and resources on airline efficiency. Institutions are measured by global indices of destination attractiveness; industry, including competition, jet fuel and business model; and finally, resources, such as the number of full-time employees, alliances, ownership and connectivity. The first part of the study uses panel data from 35 major airlines, collected from their annual reports for the period 2011 to 2018, and country attractiveness indices from global indicators. The second part of the research involves a qualitative data collection approach and semi-structured interviews with experts in the field to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the first part’s significant findings. The main findings reveal that airlines operate at a highly competitive level regardless of their competition intensity or origin. Furthermore, the unpredictability of the environment complicates airline operations. The efficiency drivers of an airline are partially determined by its type of business model, its degree of cooperation and how fuel cost is managed. Trade openness has a negative influence on airline efficiency. COVID-19 has toppled the airline industry, forcing airlines to reconsider their business model and continuously increase cooperation. Human resources, sustainability and alternative fuel sources are critical to airline survival. Finally, this study provides some evidence for the practicality of the strategy tripod and hints at the need for a broader approach in the study of international strategies

    Performance of Vietnamese Higher Education Institutions: Evidence Using Data Envelopment Analysis

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    The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of Vietnamese higher education institutions (HEIs), namely, universities and colleges. In doing so, nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches are used to: (i) estimate the operational efficiencies of HEIs; (ii) examine the impacts of contextual variables on input usages and compute the environmentallyadjusted efficiencies of HEIs; (iii) investigate and identify sources of input mix inefficiencies in HEIs; (iv) evaluate the technological heterogeneity and efficiencies of universities and colleges using metafrontier technology; and (v) analyse the contribution of the financial efficiencies to the academic efficiencies and overall efficiencies of public universities and colleges under a network structure. Balanced panel data for 112 universities and 141 colleges for the years 2011-2013 were collected from the Viet Nam Ministry of Education and Training (MOET). The number of HEIs in the sample involved accounts for 60 per cent of the total number of HEIs in Viet Nam. All of these institutions have complied with the regulations to submit their annual reports to MOET during the period considered in the analysis. The thesis is organised in a paper-based format and presented in three main parts. Part I provides the contextual background of the study, characteristics and challenges of the Vietnamese higher education sector and the role of the productive efficiency analysis in higher education. Part II presents the empirical analyses of the performance of Vietnamese HEIs with respect to specific objectives and methods. Part III presents an integrating discussion of core findings, managerial implications, directions for future research, and contributions of the thesis. Using the standard and bootstrapped DEA models, the results reveal that the efficiencies of universities and colleges in both models are less than the full efficiency of one. The second-stage regression models indicate that some contextual variables are influential in the efficiencies of HEIs. After the process of adjusting the impacts of determinants on input usages, the average efficiencies of universities and colleges significantly increase but are still less than the frontier full efficiency. The Färe-Primont productivity index is calculated and decomposed into measures of technology, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and mix efficiency for an input orientation to gain a better understanding of the sources and levels of the inefficiencies. Results indicate that there is significant evidence of input mix inefficiency and these are substantially affected by contextual variables. Using the metafrontier framework, the metafrontier efficiencies of universities and colleges are measured relative to their individual teaching technologies. The results indicate that universities are significantly more efficient than colleges in a common context. The metatechnology gaps between their individual frontiers and the metafrontier are mainly driven by policy, environmental, and institutional constraints. Finally, the dynamic network DEA approach is used to assess the financial and academic efficiencies of public HEIs in the organisational structure. The results indicate that the average estimated efficiencies of financial and academic divisions are less than the fully technical efficiency, for both universities and colleges. The correlation between the financial and academic efficiencies is weak. The overall efficiencies of public universities are more strongly related to academic efficiencies than to financial efficiencies. By contrast, the financial efficiencies contribute more to the overall efficiencies of public colleges. Some important implications are found in this thesis. First, HEIs in Viet Nam are inefficient in their operations in the years involved. The average of the mean efficiencies of universities and colleges obtained from different models are 0.806 and 0.768, respectively. This implies that there is much room for them to improve their performance. Among the possible solutions, more flexibility in the governance system may be helpful for HEIs to improve their mix efficiencies in using input mix to diversify the production outputs. Second, the proportion of postgraduate staff contributes significantly to the efficiencies of universities; thus, the human resource strategy of the government concerning higher degrees should keep being enhanced. Third, universities and colleges are operating comparatively well with respect to their own teaching technology under a general scenario. This suggests that it may not be necessary to upgrade colleges to university status on the basis of efficiency issues. Finally, although the financial efficiencies occupy a crucial role in the operations of public HEIs, their contribution to the academic operations is not substantial. This research has made the following significant contributions: (i) introducing a new research context to the efficiency literature by constructing a profile of the performance of Vietnamese HEIs; (ii) providing empirical results by applying advanced DEA methods with extensions that are applicable and can be used to compare the findings of other studies in the higher education sector; and (iii) offering managerial suggestions in the reform process of higher education in Viet Nam, where the role of the government dominates in the educational market and the complicated governance system affects the flexibility of the operations of HEIs

    Operational Research: methods and applications

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    This is the final version. Available on open access from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordThroughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first summarises the up-to-date knowledge and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion and used as a point of reference by a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order. The authors dedicate this paper to the 2023 Turkey/Syria earthquake victims. We sincerely hope that advances in OR will play a role towards minimising the pain and suffering caused by this and future catastrophes

    The measurement of profit, profitability, cost and revenue efficiency through data envelopment analysis: A comparison of models using BenchmarkingEconomicEfficiency.jl

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    We undertake a systematic comparison of existing models measuring and decomposing the economic efficiency of organizations. For this purpose we introduce the package BenchmarkingEconomicEfficiency.jl for the open-source Julia language including a set of functions to be used by scholars and professionals working in the fields of economics, management science, engineering, and operations research. Using mathematical programming methods known as Data Envelopment Analysis, the software develops code to decompose economic efficiency considering alternative definitions: profit, profitability, cost and revenue. Economic efficiency can be decomposed, multiplicative or additively, into a technical (productive) efficiency term and a residual term representing allocative (or price) efficiency. We include traditional decompositions like the radial efficiency measures associated with the input (cost) and output (revenue) approaches, as well as new ones corresponding to the Russell measures, the directional distance function, DDF (including novel extensions like the reverse DDF, modified DDF, or generalizations based on Hölder norms), the generalized distance function, and additive measures like the slack based measure, their weighted variants, etc. Moreover, regardless the underlying economic efficiency model, many of these technical inefficiency measures are available for calculation in a computer software for the first time. This article details the theoretical methods and the empirical implementation of the functions, comparing the obtained results using a common dataset on Taiwanese BanksJosé L. Zofío thanks the grant PID2019-105952 GB-I00 funded by Ministerìo de Ciencia e Innovación/ Agencia Estatal de Investigación /10.13039/50110001103

    Operational research:methods and applications

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    Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include a variety of methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a diverse and wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first aims to summarise the up-to-date knowledge and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion. It should be used as a point of reference or first-port-of-call for a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order

    Operational Research: Methods and Applications

    Get PDF
    Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include a variety of methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a diverse and wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first aims to summarise the up-to-date knowledge and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion. It should be used as a point of reference or first-port-of-call for a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order. The authors dedicate this paper to the 2023 Turkey/Syria earthquake victims. We sincerely hope that advances in OR will play a role towards minimising the pain and suffering caused by this and future catastrophes

    Operational Research: Methods and Applications

    Get PDF
    Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include a variety of methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a diverse and wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first aims to summarise the up-to-date knowledge and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion. It should be used as a point of reference or first-port-of-call for a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order
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