43 research outputs found

    Infrared face recognition: a comprehensive review of methodologies and databases

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    Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is unsurprising that it continues to be one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Even after over three decades of intense research, the state-of-the-art in face recognition continues to improve, benefitting from advances in a range of different research fields such as image processing, pattern recognition, computer graphics, and physiology. Systems based on visible spectrum images, the most researched face recognition modality, have reached a significant level of maturity with some practical success. However, they continue to face challenges in the presence of illumination, pose and expression changes, as well as facial disguises, all of which can significantly decrease recognition accuracy. Amongst various approaches which have been proposed in an attempt to overcome these limitations, the use of infrared (IR) imaging has emerged as a particularly promising research direction. This paper presents a comprehensive and timely review of the literature on this subject. Our key contributions are: (i) a summary of the inherent properties of infrared imaging which makes this modality promising in the context of face recognition, (ii) a systematic review of the most influential approaches, with a focus on emerging common trends as well as key differences between alternative methodologies, (iii) a description of the main databases of infrared facial images available to the researcher, and lastly (iv) a discussion of the most promising avenues for future research.Comment: Pattern Recognition, 2014. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1306.160

    Unifying the Visible and Passive Infrared Bands: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Multi-Spectral Face Recognition

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    Face biometrics leverages tools and technology in order to automate the identification of individuals. In most cases, biometric face recognition (FR) can be used for forensic purposes, but there remains the issue related to the integration of technology into the legal system of the court. The biggest challenge with the acceptance of the face as a modality used in court is the reliability of such systems under varying pose, illumination and expression, which has been an active and widely explored area of research over the last few decades (e.g. same-spectrum or homogeneous matching). The heterogeneous FR problem, which deals with matching face images from different sensors, should be examined for the benefit of military and law enforcement applications as well. In this work we are concerned primarily with visible band images (380-750 nm) and the infrared (IR) spectrum, which has become an area of growing interest.;For homogeneous FR systems, we formulate and develop an efficient, semi-automated, direct matching-based FR framework, that is designed to operate efficiently when face data is captured using either visible or passive IR sensors. Thus, it can be applied in both daytime and nighttime environments. First, input face images are geometrically normalized using our pre-processing pipeline prior to feature-extraction. Then, face-based features including wrinkles, veins, as well as edges of facial characteristics, are detected and extracted for each operational band (visible, MWIR, and LWIR). Finally, global and local face-based matching is applied, before fusion is performed at the score level. Although this proposed matcher performs well when same-spectrum FR is performed, regardless of spectrum, a challenge exists when cross-spectral FR matching is performed. The second framework is for the heterogeneous FR problem, and deals with the issue of bridging the gap across the visible and passive infrared (MWIR and LWIR) spectrums. Specifically, we investigate the benefits and limitations of using synthesized visible face images from thermal and vice versa, in cross-spectral face recognition systems when utilizing canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and locally linear embedding (LLE), a manifold learning technique for dimensionality reduction. Finally, by conducting an extensive experimental study we establish that the combination of the proposed synthesis and demographic filtering scheme increases system performance in terms of rank-1 identification rate

    Aerospace Medicine and Biology: Cumulative index, 1979

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    This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in the Supplements 190 through 201 of 'Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography.' It includes three indexes-subject, personal author, and corporate source

    Face recognition using infrared vision

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    Au cours de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, la reconnaissance de visage basĂ©e sur l’imagerie infrarouge (IR) et en particulier la thermographie IR est devenue une alternative prometteuse aux approches conventionnelles utilisant l’imagerie dans le spectre visible. En effet l’imagerie (visible et infrarouge) trouvent encore des contraintes Ă  leur application efficace dans le monde rĂ©el. Bien qu’insensibles Ă  toute variation d’illumination dans le spectre visible, les images IR sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par des dĂ©fis spĂ©cifiques qui leur sont propres, notamment la sensibilitĂ© aux facteurs qui affectent le rayonnement thermique du visage tels que l’état Ă©motionnel, la tempĂ©rature ambiante, la consommation d’alcool, etc. En outre, il est plus laborieux de corriger l’expression du visage et les changements de poses dans les images IR puisque leur contenu est moins riche aux hautes frĂ©quences spatiales ce qui reprĂ©sente en fait une indication importante pour le calage de tout modĂšle dĂ©formable. Dans cette thĂšse, nous dĂ©crivons une nouvelle mĂ©thode qui rĂ©pond Ă  ces dĂ©fis majeurs. ConcrĂštement, pour remĂ©dier aux changements dans les poses et expressions du visage, nous gĂ©nĂ©rons une image synthĂ©tique frontale du visage qui est canonique et neutre vis-Ă -vis de toute expression faciale Ă  partir d’une image du visage de pose et expression faciale arbitraires. Ceci est rĂ©alisĂ© par l’application d’une dĂ©formation affine par morceaux prĂ©cĂ©dĂ©e par un calage via un modĂšle d’apparence active (AAM). Ainsi, une de nos publications est la premiĂšre publication qui explore l’utilisation d’un AAM sur les images IR thermiques ; nous y proposons une Ă©tape de prĂ©traitement qui rehausse la nettetĂ© des images thermiques, ce qui rend la convergence de l’AAM rapide et plus prĂ©cise. Pour surmonter le problĂšme des images IR thermiques par rapport au motif exact du rayonnement thermique du visage, nous le dĂ©crivons celui-ci par une reprĂ©sentation s’appuyant sur des caractĂ©ristiques anatomiques fiables. Contrairement aux approches existantes, notre reprĂ©sentation n’est pas binaire ; elle met plutĂŽt l’accent sur la fiabilitĂ© des caractĂ©ristiques extraites. Cela rend la reprĂ©sentation proposĂ©e beaucoup plus robuste Ă  la fois Ă  la pose et aux changements possibles de tempĂ©rature. L’efficacitĂ© de l’approche proposĂ©e est dĂ©montrĂ©e sur la plus grande base de donnĂ©es publique des vidĂ©os IR thermiques des visages. Sur cette base d’images, notre mĂ©thode atteint des performances de reconnaissance assez bonnes et surpasse de maniĂšre significative les mĂ©thodes dĂ©crites prĂ©cĂ©demment dans la littĂ©rature. L’approche proposĂ©e a Ă©galement montrĂ© de trĂšs bonnes performances sur des sous-ensembles de cette base de donnĂ©es que nous avons montĂ©e nous-mĂȘmes au sein de notre laboratoire. A notre connaissance, il s’agit de l’une des bases de donnĂ©es les plus importantes disponibles Ă  l’heure actuelle tout en prĂ©sentant certains dĂ©fis.Over the course of the last decade, infrared (IR) and particularly thermal IR imaging based face recognition has emerged as a promising complement to conventional, visible spectrum based approaches which continue to struggle when applied in the real world. While inherently insensitive to visible spectrum illumination changes, IR images introduce specific challenges of their own, most notably sensitivity to factors which affect facial heat emission patterns, e.g., emotional state, ambient temperature, etc. In addition, facial expression and pose changes are more difficult to correct in IR images because they are less rich in high frequency details which is an important cue for fitting any deformable model. In this thesis we describe a novel method which addresses these major challenges. Specifically, to normalize for pose and facial expression changes we generate a synthetic frontal image of a face in a canonical, neutral facial expression from an image of the face in an arbitrary pose and facial expression. This is achieved by piecewise affine warping which follows active appearance model (AAM) fitting. This is the first work which explores the use of an AAM on thermal IR images; we propose a pre-processing step which enhances details in thermal images, making AAM convergence faster and more accurate. To overcome the problem of thermal IR image sensitivity to the exact pattern of facial temperature emissions we describe a representation based on reliable anatomical features. In contrast to previous approaches, our representation is not binary; rather, our method accounts for the reliability of the extracted features. This makes the proposed representation much more robust both to pose and scale changes. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the largest public database of thermal IR images of faces on which it achieves satisfying recognition performance and significantly outperforms previously described methods. The proposed approach has also demonstrated satisfying performance on subsets of the largest video database of the world gathered in our laboratory which will be publicly available free of charge in future. The reader should note that due to the very nature of the feature extraction method in our system (i.e., anatomical based nature of it), we anticipate high robustness of our system to some challenging factors such as the temperature changes. However, we were not able to investigate this in depth due to the limits which exist in gathering realistic databases. Gathering the largest video database considering some challenging factors is one of the other contributions of this research

    Recognition of Face Thermoscans

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    Často ƙeĆĄenĂœm problĂ©mem v oblasti biometrie je identifikace osoby na zĂĄkladě obličeje. Tato prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ rozpoznĂĄnĂ­m obličeje za Ășčelem detekce jednotlivĂœch rysĆŻ (pozice očí, nosu, natočenĂ­ hlavy apod.) a celkovĂ© identifikace jedince z termosnĂ­mku obličeje, tedy snĂ­mku poƙízenĂ©m v infračervenĂ©m spektru světla.Images of human face are one of the most used biometric features in automatic identification. This article presents an approach which uses face images in thermal (infrared) spectrum for purpose of important face features (eyes position, head rotation) detection and identification.

    Recent Advances in Forensic Anthropological Methods and Research

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    Forensic anthropology, while still relatively in its infancy compared to other forensic science disciplines, adopts a wide array of methods from many disciplines for human skeletal identification in medico-legal and humanitarian contexts. The human skeleton is a dynamic tissue that can withstand the ravages of time given the right environment and may be the only remaining evidence left in a forensic case whether a week or decades old. Improved understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate skeletal tissues allows researchers and practitioners to improve the accuracy and precision of identification methods ranging from establishing a biological profile such as estimating age-at-death, and population affinity, estimating time-since-death, using isotopes for geolocation of unidentified decedents, radiology for personal identification, histology to assess a live birth, to assessing traumatic injuries and so much more

    Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A cumulative index to the 1981 issues

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    The aeromedical research reported considers the safety of the human component in manned space flight. The effects of spacecraft environment, radiation and weightlessness on human biological and psychological processes are covered

    URSS Event Program Booklet 2017

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    This event program booklet contains a schedule of the event, list of awards, and student abstracts
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