A PMSM current controller system on FPGA platform

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has gained more interest recently in industrial applications. Digital hardware solutions such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are the most preferred methods for controlling PMSM drivers. This paper presents an implementation of a current control system for PMSM based on FPGA. Encoder-based speed and position detection method has been used in proposed hardware. The whole system has been modeled and simulated in system level using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Hardware architecture for all computational blocks is implemented using Verilog HDL. The hardware architecture has been successfully synthesized and implemented on Altera Cyclone II FPGA. Proposed system architecture and computational blocks are described and system level and RTL simulation results are presented. Simulation results show that the total computation cycle time of implemented system on Altera Cyclone II FPGA is 456ns.Keywords: PMSM, FPGA, Incremental encoder, CORDIC, Hysteresis Current Control

Sensorless Control with Switching Frequency Square Wave Voltage Injection for SPMSM with Low Rotor Magnetic Anisotropy

High-frequency signal injection sensorless algorithms are widely studied and used for rotor angle estimation in PMSM at low speed or standstill. One of the main drawbacks of such methods is the acoustic noise connected to the voltage injection. In order to minimize this problem, it is advisable to increase the frequency of the injected signal. Thus, many studies focus on square-wave injection at the switching frequency, which is the maximum theoretical frequency. Since these methods exploit the rotor magnetic anisotropy, it is relatively easy to use them in interior PMSMs, where the rotor anisotropy is high. On the contrary, it is hard to exploit them in surface PMSMs, which have an almost symmetric rotor, although a low rotor magnetic anisotropy is still present. In this paper, a sensorless algorithm with switching frequency squarewave injection is developed for surface PMSMs. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio, current oversampling is exploited. The benefits of such a technique are demonstrated with experimental results on a 2 Nm SPMSM

Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives

Dear Colleagues, I am very happy to have this Special Issue of the journal Energies on the topic of Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives published. Electrical motor drives are widely used in the industry, automation, transportation, and home appliances. Indeed, rolling mills, machine tools, high-speed trains, subway systems, elevators, electric vehicles, air conditioners, all depend on electrical motor drives.However, the production of effective and practical motors and drives requires flexibility in the regulation of current, torque, flux, acceleration, position, and speed. Without proper modeling, drive, and control, these motor drive systems cannot function effectively.To address these issues, we need to focus on the design, modeling, drive, and control of different types of motors, such as induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, brushless DC motors, DC motors, synchronous reluctance motors, switched reluctance motors, flux-switching motors, linear motors, and step motors.Therefore, relevant research topics in this field of study include modeling electrical motor drives, both in transient and in steady-state, and designing control methods based on novel control strategies (e.g., PI controllers, fuzzy logic controllers, neural network controllers, predictive controllers, adaptive controllers, nonlinear controllers, etc.), with particular attention to transient responses, load disturbances, fault tolerance, and multi-motor drive techniques. This Special Issue include original contributions regarding recent developments and ideas in motor design, motor drive, and motor control. The topics include motor design, field-oriented control, torque control, reliability improvement, advanced controllers for motor drive systems, DSP-based sensorless motor drive systems, high-performance motor drive systems, high-efficiency motor drive systems, and practical applications of motor drive systems. I want to sincerely thank authors, reviewers, and staff members for their time and efforts. Prof. Dr. Tian-Hua Liu Guest Edito

Analysis of the Harmonic Performance of Power Converters and Electrical Drives

Power converters have progressively become the most efficient and attractive solution in recent decades in many industrial sectors, ranging from electric mobility, aerospace applications to attain better electric aircraft concepts, vast renewable energy resource integration in the transmission and distribution grid, the design of smart and efficient energy management systems, the usage of energy storage systems, and the achievement of smart grid paradigm development, among others.In order to achieve efficient solutions in this wide energy scenario, over the past few decades, considerable attention has been paid by the academia and industry in order to develop new methods to achieve power systems with maximum harmonic performance aiming for two main targets. On the one hand, the high-performance harmonic performance of power systems would lead to improvements in their power density, size and weight. This becomes critical in applications such as aerospace or electric mobility, where the power converters are on-board systems. On the other hand, current standards are becoming more and more strict in order to reduce the EMI and EMC noise, as well as meeting minimum power quality requirements (i.e., grid code standards for grid-tied power systems)

Survey of FPGA applications in the period 2000 – 2015 (Technical Report)

Romoth J, Porrmann M, Rückert U. Survey of FPGA applications in the period 2000 – 2015 (Technical Report).; 2017.Since their introduction, FPGAs can be seen in more and more different fields of applications. The key advantage is the combination of software-like flexibility with the performance otherwise common to hardware. Nevertheless, every application field introduces special requirements to the used computational architecture. This paper provides an overview of the different topics FPGAs have been used for in the last 15 years of research and why they have been chosen over other processing units like e.g. CPUs

A matrix converter drive system for an aircraft rudder electro-mechanical actuator

The matrix converter is an attractive topology of power converter for the Aerospace Industry where factors such as the absence of electrolytic capacitors, the potentiality of increasing power density, reducing size and weight and good input power quality are fundamental. The matrix converter potential advantages offers the possibility to achieve the aim of the More Electric Aircraft research which intends to gradually re- place, from the aircraft architecture, the hydraulic power source and its infrastructure with electric power generation and a more flexible power distribution system. The purpose of this work is to investigate the design and implementation of a 40kVA matrix converter for an Electro Mechanical Actuator (EMA) drive system. A SABER simulation analysis of the candidate matrix converter drive systems, for this application, is provided. The design and implementation of the matrix converter is described, with particular attention to the strict requirements of the given aerospace application. Finally, the matrix converter PMSM drive system and the EMA drive system are respectively assembled, tested and commissioned

High Bandwidth Phase Voltage and Current Control Loop of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor based on Delta Sigma Bitstreams

Delta-Sigma-Umsetzer sind aus der Audio-Technik für ihren hohen Signal-zu-Rausch Abstand bei Abtastraten im 10 bis 100 kHz Bereich bekannt und werden zunehmend auch in der Stromregelung von elektrischen Antrieben als Analog-Digital-Umsetzer eingesetzt. Delta-Sigma-Umsetzer bestehen aus einem Modulator und einem digitalen Tiefpassfilter. Die Auswirkungen des digitalen Filters auf die Stromregelung eines elektrischen Antriebs werden hinsichtlich der erreichbaren Bandbreite des Stromregelkreises und der Unterdrückung von Störungen in der Strommessung untersucht. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Ansätze zur Steigerung der Bandbreite des Stromregelkreises verfolgt. Der Stromregler wird direkt in dem hochfrequenten Zeitraster (10 MHz) der Delta-Sigma-Modulatoren gerechnet, so dass auf einen digitalen Tiefpassfilter verzichtet werden kann. Dieses Vorgehen erfordert eine neuartige Signalverarbeitung, da der Ausgang des Delta-Sigma-Modulators aus einem gering quantisierten Delta-Sigma-Bitstrom mit einer Auflösung von einem Bit besteht. Die vorhandenen Ansätze zur direkten Signalverarbeitung des Delta-Sigma-Bitstroms werden verglichen und erweitert. Der zweite Ansatz zur Steigerung der Bandbreite besteht darin, die hochfrequenten Delta-Sigma-Bitströme breitbandig in PWM Signale für eine Leistungselektronik im 4 - 40 kHz Bereich umzusetzen. Das grundsätzliche Prinzip wird an einer einphasigen Last untersucht. Die im Stand der Forschung bekannte Lösung für eine dreiphasige Last weist erhebliche Nachteile auf. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren für einen hochdynamischen dreiphasigen Leistungselektronik-Modulator zur direkten Verarbeitung von Delta-Sigma-Bitströmen vorgestellt, welcher die Nachteile der bekannten Lösung aufhebt. Zusätzlich wird eine direkte Rückführung der Strom- und Spannungsmesswerte über Delta-Sigma-Bitströme realisiert. Dies ermöglicht eine hochdynamische Strom- und Spannungsregelung einer permanenterregten Synchronmaschine.Delta sigma converters are established in communication and audio high fidelity applications due to their high signal to noise ratio and sampling frequency range of 10 to 100 kHz. In the phase current control of electrical drives, delta sigma converters are more commonly used. They comprise a modulator and a digital low pass filter. The effects of the digital low pass filter on the achievable bandwidth and the suppression of disturbances of the electrical drive are analyzed in this thesis. Two measures are proposed to increase the bandwidth of the phase current control loop. The phase current controller is executed at the high frequent (10 MHz) sampling rate of the delta sigma modulator so that the digital filter can be omitted. This method requires a new signal processing, since the output of the delta sigma modulator, a delta sigma bitstream, features only a one bit resolution. Existing solutions for this direct processing of delta sigma bitstreams are compared and extended. A highly dynamic conversion of the high frequent delta sigma bitstream into pulse width modulated signals for power electronics is the second method to increase the bandwidth. The high frequent sampling rate of the delta sigma modulator is reduced to an average switching frequency range of 4 to 40 kHz. A single-phase load is used for a first analysis. The solution for a three-phase load in literature reveals some disadvantages. A power electronics modulator with high bandwidth, which directly processes the delta sigma bitstreams without these disadvantages, is presented. In addition, a direct feedback of phase currents and voltages is achieved by delta sigma bitstreams. This enables a highly dynamic phase current- and voltage control of a permanent magnet synchronous machine