71,391 research outputs found
Studying Interaction Methodologies in Video Retrieval
So far, several approaches have been studied to bridge the problem of the Semantic Gap, the bottleneck in image and video retrieval. However, no approach is successful enough to increase retrieval performances significantly. One reason is the lack of understanding the user's interest, a major condition towards adapting results to a user. This is partly due to the lack of appropriate interfaces and the missing knowledge of how to interpret user's actions with these interfaces. In this paper, we propose to study the importance of various implicit indicators of relevance. Furthermore, we propose to investigate how this implicit feedback can be combined with static user profiles towards an adaptive video retrieval model
Deriving query suggestions for site search
Modern search engines have been moving away from simplistic interfaces that aimed at satisfying a user's need with a single-shot query. Interactive features are now integral parts of web search engines. However, generating good query modification suggestions remains a challenging issue. Query log analysis is one of the major strands of work in this direction. Although much research has been performed on query logs collected on the web as a whole, query log analysis to enhance search on smaller and more focused collections has attracted less attention, despite its increasing practical importance. In this article, we report on a systematic study of different query modification methods applied to a substantial query log collected on a local website that already uses an interactive search engine. We conducted experiments in which we asked users to assess the relevance of potential query modification suggestions that have been constructed using a range of log analysis methods and different baseline approaches. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of log analysis to extract query modification suggestions. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that a more fine-grained approach than grouping search requests into sessions allows for extraction of better refinement terms from query log files. © 2013 ASIS&T
New perspectives on Web search engine research
PurposeâThe purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of the context of Web search and search engine-related research, as well as to introduce the reader to the sections and chapters of the book. Methodology/approachâWe review literature dealing with various aspects of search engines, with special emphasis on emerging areas of Web searching, search engine evaluation going beyond traditional methods, and new perspectives on Webs earching. FindingsâThe approaches to studying Web search engines are manifold. Given the importance of Web search engines for knowledge acquisition, research from different perspectives needs to be integrated into a more cohesive perspective. Researchlimitations/implicationsâThe chapter suggests a basis for research in the field and also introduces further research directions. Originality/valueofpaperâThe chapter gives a concise overview of the topics dealt with in the book and also shows directions for researchers interested in Web search engines
Simple threshold rules solve explore/exploit tradeâoffs in a resource accumulation search task
How, and how well, do people switch between exploration and exploitation to search for and accumulate resources? We study the decision processes underlying such exploration/exploitation tradeâoffs using a novel card selection task that captures the common situation of searching among multiple resources (e.g., jobs) that can be exploited without depleting. With experience, participants learn to switch appropriately between exploration and exploitation and approach optimal performance. We model participants' behavior on this task with random, threshold, and sampling strategies, and find that a linear decreasing threshold rule best fits participants' results. Further evidence that participants use decreasing thresholdâbased strategies comes from reaction time differences between exploration and exploitation; however, participants themselves report nonâdecreasing thresholds. Decreasing threshold strategies that âfrontâloadâ exploration and switch quickly to exploitation are particularly effective in resource accumulation tasks, in contrast to optimal stopping problems like the Secretary Problem requiring longer exploration
Linked education: interlinking educational resources and the web of data
Research on interoperability of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) repositories throughout the last decade has led to a fragmented landscape of competing approaches, such as metadata schemas and interface mechanisms. However, so far Web-scale integration of resources is not facilitated, mainly due to the lack of take-up of shared principles, datasets and schemas. On the other hand, the Linked Data approach has emerged as the de-facto standard for sharing data on the Web and offers a large potential to solve interoperability issues in the field of TEL. In this paper, we describe a general approach to exploit the wealth of already existing TEL data on the Web by allowing its exposure as Linked Data and by taking into account automated enrichment and interlinking techniques to provide rich and well-interlinked data for the educational domain. This approach has been implemented in the context of the mEducator project where data from a number of open TEL data repositories has been integrated, exposed and enriched by following Linked Data principles
Web Data Extraction, Applications and Techniques: A Survey
Web Data Extraction is an important problem that has been studied by means of
different scientific tools and in a broad range of applications. Many
approaches to extracting data from the Web have been designed to solve specific
problems and operate in ad-hoc domains. Other approaches, instead, heavily
reuse techniques and algorithms developed in the field of Information
Extraction.
This survey aims at providing a structured and comprehensive overview of the
literature in the field of Web Data Extraction. We provided a simple
classification framework in which existing Web Data Extraction applications are
grouped into two main classes, namely applications at the Enterprise level and
at the Social Web level. At the Enterprise level, Web Data Extraction
techniques emerge as a key tool to perform data analysis in Business and
Competitive Intelligence systems as well as for business process
re-engineering. At the Social Web level, Web Data Extraction techniques allow
to gather a large amount of structured data continuously generated and
disseminated by Web 2.0, Social Media and Online Social Network users and this
offers unprecedented opportunities to analyze human behavior at a very large
scale. We discuss also the potential of cross-fertilization, i.e., on the
possibility of re-using Web Data Extraction techniques originally designed to
work in a given domain, in other domains.Comment: Knowledge-based System
When Things Matter: A Data-Centric View of the Internet of Things
With the recent advances in radio-frequency identification (RFID), low-cost
wireless sensor devices, and Web technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT)
approach has gained momentum in connecting everyday objects to the Internet and
facilitating machine-to-human and machine-to-machine communication with the
physical world. While IoT offers the capability to connect and integrate both
digital and physical entities, enabling a whole new class of applications and
services, several significant challenges need to be addressed before these
applications and services can be fully realized. A fundamental challenge
centers around managing IoT data, typically produced in dynamic and volatile
environments, which is not only extremely large in scale and volume, but also
noisy, and continuous. This article surveys the main techniques and
state-of-the-art research efforts in IoT from data-centric perspectives,
including data stream processing, data storage models, complex event
processing, and searching in IoT. Open research issues for IoT data management
are also discussed
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