136,139 research outputs found
Projection-Based and Look Ahead Strategies for Atom Selection
In this paper, we improve iterative greedy search algorithms in which atoms
are selected serially over iterations, i.e., one-by-one over iterations. For
serial atom selection, we devise two new schemes to select an atom from a set
of potential atoms in each iteration. The two new schemes lead to two new
algorithms. For both the algorithms, in each iteration, the set of potential
atoms is found using a standard matched filter. In case of the first scheme, we
propose an orthogonal projection strategy that selects an atom from the set of
potential atoms. Then, for the second scheme, we propose a look ahead strategy
such that the selection of an atom in the current iteration has an effect on
the future iterations. The use of look ahead strategy requires a higher
computational resource. To achieve a trade-off between performance and
complexity, we use the two new schemes in cascade and develop a third new
algorithm. Through experimental evaluations, we compare the proposed algorithms
with existing greedy search and convex relaxation algorithms.Comment: sparsity, compressive sensing; IEEE Trans on Signal Processing 201
Optimized kernel minimum noise fraction transformation for hyperspectral image classification
This paper presents an optimized kernel minimum noise fraction transformation (OKMNF) for feature extraction of hyperspectral imagery. The proposed approach is based on the kernel minimum noise fraction (KMNF) transformation, which is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method. KMNF can map the original data into a higher dimensional feature space and provide a small number of quality features for classification and some other post processing. Noise estimation is an important component in KMNF. It is often estimated based on a strong relationship between adjacent pixels. However, hyperspectral images have limited spatial resolution and usually have a large number of mixed pixels, which make the spatial information less reliable for noise estimation. It is the main reason that KMNF generally shows unstable performance in feature extraction for classification. To overcome this problem, this paper exploits the use of a more accurate noise estimation method to improve KMNF. We propose two new noise estimation methods accurately. Moreover, we also propose a framework to improve noise estimation, where both spectral and spatial de-correlation are exploited. Experimental results, conducted using a variety of hyperspectral images, indicate that the proposed OKMNF is superior to some other related dimensionality reduction methods in most cases. Compared to the conventional KMNF, the proposed OKMNF benefits significant improvements in overall classification accuracy
A new kernel method for hyperspectral image feature extraction
Hyperspectral image provides abundant spectral information for remote discrimination of subtle differences in ground covers. However, the increasing spectral dimensions, as well as the information redundancy, make the analysis and interpretation of hyperspectral images a challenge. Feature extraction is a very important step for hyperspectral image processing. Feature extraction methods aim at reducing the dimension of data, while preserving as much information as possible. Particularly, nonlinear feature extraction methods (e.g. kernel minimum noise fraction (KMNF) transformation) have been reported to benefit many applications of hyperspectral remote sensing, due to their good preservation of high-order structures of the original data. However, conventional KMNF or its extensions have some limitations on noise fraction estimation during the feature extraction, and this leads to poor performances for post-applications. This paper proposes a novel nonlinear feature extraction method for hyperspectral images. Instead of estimating noise fraction by the nearest neighborhood information (within a sliding window), the proposed method explores the use of image segmentation. The approach benefits both noise fraction estimation and information preservation, and enables a significant improvement for classification. Experimental results on two real hyperspectral images demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Compared to conventional KMNF, the improvements of the method on two hyperspectral image classification are 8 and 11%. This nonlinear feature extraction method can be also applied to other disciplines where high-dimensional data analysis is required
Linearized iterative least-squares (LIL): A parameter fitting algorithm for component separation in multifrequency CMB experiments such as Planck
We present an efficient algorithm for the least squares parameter fitting
optimized for component separation in multi-frequency CMB experiments. We
sidestep some of the problems associated with non-linear optimization by taking
advantage of the quasi-linear nature of the foreground model. We demonstrate
our algorithm, linearized iterative least-squares (LIL), on the publicly
available Planck sky model FFP6 simulations and compare our result with the
other algorithms. We work at full Planck resolution and show that degrading the
resolution of all channels to that of the lowest frequency channel is not
necessary. Finally we present results for the publicly available Planck data.
Our algorithm is extremely fast, fitting 6 parameters to 7 lowest Planck
channels at full resolution (50 million pixels) in less than 160 CPU-minutes
(or few minutes running in parallel on few tens of cores). LIL is therefore
easily scalable to future experiments which may have even higher resolution and
more frequency channels. We also naturally propagate the uncertainties in
different parameters due to noise in the maps as well as degeneracies between
the parameters to the final errors on the parameters using Fisher matrix. One
indirect application of LIL could be a front-end for Bayesian parameter fitting
to find the maximum of the likelihood to be used as the starting point for the
Gibbs sampling. We show for rare components, such as the carbon-monoxide
emission, present in small fraction of sky, the optimal approach should combine
parameter fitting with model selection. LIL may also be useful in other
astrophysical applications which satisfy the quasi-linearity criteria.Comment: Accepted versio
CMBPol Mission Concept Study: Prospects for polarized foreground removal
In this report we discuss the impact of polarized foregrounds on a future
CMBPol satellite mission. We review our current knowledge of Galactic polarized
emission at microwave frequencies, including synchrotron and thermal dust
emission. We use existing data and our understanding of the physical behavior
of the sources of foreground emission to generate sky templates, and start to
assess how well primordial gravitational wave signals can be separated from
foreground contaminants for a CMBPol mission. At the estimated foreground
minimum of ~100 GHz, the polarized foregrounds are expected to be lower than a
primordial polarization signal with tensor-to-scalar ratio r=0.01, in a small
patch (~1%) of the sky known to have low Galactic emission. Over 75% of the sky
we expect the foreground amplitude to exceed the primordial signal by about a
factor of eight at the foreground minimum and on scales of two degrees. Only on
the largest scales does the polarized foreground amplitude exceed the
primordial signal by a larger factor of about 20. The prospects for detecting
an r=0.01 signal including degree-scale measurements appear promising, with 5
sigma_r ~0.003 forecast from multiple methods. A mission that observes a range
of scales offers better prospects from the foregrounds perspective than one
targeting only the lowest few multipoles. We begin to explore how optimizing
the composition of frequency channels in the focal plane can maximize our
ability to perform component separation, with a range of typically 40 < nu <
300 GHz preferred for ten channels. Foreground cleaning methods are already in
place to tackle a CMBPol mission data set, and further investigation of the
optimization and detectability of the primordial signal will be useful for
mission design.Comment: 42 pages, 14 figures, Foreground Removal Working Group contribution
to the CMBPol Mission Concept Study, v2, matches AIP versio
Robust Inversion Methods for Aerosol Spectroscopy
The Fast Aerosol Spectrometer (FASP) is a device for spectral aerosol
measurements. Its purpose is to safely monitor the atmosphere inside a reactor
containment. First we describe the FASP and explain its basic physical laws.
Then we introduce our reconstruction methods for aerosol particle size
distributions designed for the FASP. We extend known existence results for
constrained Tikhonov regularization by uniqueness criteria and use those to
generate reasonable models for the size distributions. We apply a Bayesian
model-selection framework on these pre-generated models. We compare our
algorithm with classical inversion methods using simulated measurements. We
then extend our reconstruction algorithm for two-component aerosols, so that we
can simultaneously retrieve their particle-size distributions and unknown
volume fractions of their two components. Finally we present the results of a
numerical study for the extended algorithm.Comment: 37 pages, 3 figure
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