Gestionnaire de vie privée : un cadre pour la protection de la vie privée dans les interactions entre apprenants

L’évolution continue des besoins d’apprentissage vers plus d’efficacité et plus de personnalisation a favorisé l’émergence de nouveaux outils et dimensions dont l’objectif est de rendre l’apprentissage accessible à tout le monde et adapté aux contextes technologiques et sociaux. Cette évolution a donné naissance à ce que l’on appelle l'apprentissage social en ligne mettant l'accent sur l’interaction entre les apprenants. La considération de l’interaction a apporté de nombreux avantages pour l’apprenant, à savoir établir des connexions, échanger des expériences personnelles et bénéficier d’une assistance lui permettant d’améliorer son apprentissage. Cependant, la quantité d'informations personnelles que les apprenants divulguent parfois lors de ces interactions, mène, à des conséquences souvent désastreuses en matière de vie privée comme la cyberintimidation, le vol d’identité, etc. Malgré les préoccupations soulevées, la vie privée en tant que droit individuel représente une situation idéale, difficilement reconnaissable dans le contexte social d’aujourd’hui. En effet, on est passé d'une conceptualisation de la vie privée comme étant un noyau des données sensibles à protéger des pénétrations extérieures à une nouvelle vision centrée sur la négociation de la divulgation de ces données. L’enjeu pour les environnements sociaux d’apprentissage consiste donc à garantir un niveau maximal d’interaction pour les apprenants tout en préservant leurs vies privées. Au meilleur de nos connaissances, la plupart des innovations dans ces environnements ont porté sur l'élaboration des techniques d’interaction, sans aucune considération pour la vie privée, un élément portant nécessaire afin de créer un environnement favorable à l’apprentissage. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un cadre de vie privée que nous avons appelé « gestionnaire de vie privée». Plus précisément, ce gestionnaire se charge de gérer la protection des données personnelles et de la vie privée de l’apprenant durant ses interactions avec ses co-apprenants. En s’appuyant sur l’idée que l’interaction permet d’accéder à l’aide en ligne, nous analysons l’interaction comme une activité cognitive impliquant des facteurs contextuels, d’autres apprenants, et des aspects socio-émotionnels. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est donc de revoir les processus d’entraide entre les apprenants en mettant en oeuvre des outils nécessaires pour trouver un compromis entre l’interaction et la protection de la vie privée. ii Ceci a été effectué selon trois niveaux : le premier étant de considérer des aspects contextuels et sociaux de l’interaction telle que la confiance entre les apprenants et les émotions qui ont initié le besoin d’interagir. Le deuxième niveau de protection consiste à estimer les risques de cette divulgation et faciliter la décision de protection de la vie privée. Le troisième niveau de protection consiste à détecter toute divulgation de données personnelles en utilisant des techniques d’apprentissage machine et d’analyse sémantique.The emergence of social tools and their integration in learning contexts has fostered interactions and collaboration among learners. The consideration of social interaction has several advantages for learners, mainly establishing new connections, sharing personal experiences and receiving assistance which may improve learning. However, the amount of personal information that learners disclose in these interactions, raise several privacy risks such as identity theft and cyberbullying which may lead to serious consequences. Despite the raised concerns, privacy as a human fundamental right is hardly recognized in today’s social context. Indeed, the conceptualization of privacy as a set of sensitive data to protect from external intrusions is no longer effective in the new social context where the risks come essentially from the self-disclosing behaviors of the learners themselves. With that in mind, the main challenge for social learning environments is to promote social interactions between learners while preserving their privacy. To the best of our knowledge, innovations in social learning environments have only focused on the integration of new social tools, without any consideration of privacy as a necessary factor to establish a favorable learning environment. In fact, integrating social interactions to maintain learners’ engagement and motivation is as necessary as preserving privacy in order to promote learning. Therefore, we propose, in this research, a privacy framework, that we called privacy manager, aiming to preserve the learners’ privacy during their interactions. Considering social interaction as a strategy to seek and request peers’ help in informal learning contexts, we analyze learners’ interaction as a cognitive activity involving contextual, social and emotional factors. Hence, our main goal is to consider all these factors in order to find a tradeoff between the advantages of interaction, mainly seeking peer feedback, and its disadvantages, particularly data disclosure and privacy risks. This was done on three levels: the first level is to help learners interact with appropriate peers, considering their learning competency and their trustworthiness. The second level of protection is to quantify potential disclosure risks and decide about data disclosure. The third level of protection is to analyze learners’ interactions in order to detect and discard any personal data disclosure using machine learning techniques and semantic analysis

An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis exploring the experiences of language needs and Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) for secondary school teachers of English

Government policy and publications have reiterated the message that all teachers should be teachers of Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) and meet the varying and diverse needs of all learners within a mainstream classroom (HM Government 2022a; 2022b). Language needs, a feature of a communication and interaction difficulty, is one area of SEND. Within the secondary school context, these difficulties have received little research attention and focus. This research with secondary school teachers of English (N=5) utilised semi-structured interviews and vignettes which provide written case study descriptions of how language needs may present in the classroom (Starling et al., 2011; Ramsey, 2015). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore participants’ experiences. IPA is a qualitative methodology in which the central tenets focus on phenomenology (experience), hermeneutics (interpretation) and idiography (individual, nomothetic data) (Smith et al., 2022). Four group experiential themes were identified which depicted participants’ experiences of being a teacher and supporting language needs and SEND; Expertise; Interactions; Feeling Challenged; and Interpretation. How participants each related to these individual constructs varied and similarities (convergence) and differences (divergence) in their individual experiences were noted. The research provides a descriptive and interpretive account of the experiences of participants when teaching and supporting students with SEND and language needs. Situating these experiences within an ecological framework of the classroom, appreciates the contextualised experience of being a teacher and the interactions between students, other professionals, systems and structures and the emotive elements that accompanies this experience. Continued and renewed focus and awareness of the presentation of language needs in the secondary context remains pertinent as some teachers felt that they lacked expertise and confidence in this area. Educational Psychology as a profession may be unique in its contribution when supporting schools to consider holistic and ecological influences on the presentation of SEND and support the problem-solving capacity of the school workforce, particularly in an educational context where access to specialist services is hindered due to scarcity of resources

An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis exploring the experiences of language needs and Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) for secondary school teachers of English

Government policy and publications have reiterated the message that all teachers should be teachers of Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) and meet the varying and diverse needs of all learners within a mainstream classroom (HM Government 2022a; 2022b). Language needs, a feature of a communication and interaction difficulty, is one area of SEND. Within the secondary school context, these difficulties have received little research attention and focus. This research with secondary school teachers of English (N=5) utilised semi-structured interviews and vignettes which provide written case study descriptions of how language needs may present in the classroom (Starling et al., 2011; Ramsey, 2015). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore participants’ experiences. IPA is a qualitative methodology in which the central tenets focus on phenomenology (experience), hermeneutics (interpretation) and idiography (individual, nomothetic data) (Smith et al., 2022). Four group experiential themes were identified which depicted participants’ experiences of being a teacher and supporting language needs and SEND; Expertise; Interactions; Feeling Challenged; and Interpretation. How participants each related to these individual constructs varied and similarities (convergence) and differences (divergence) in their individual experiences were noted. The research provides a descriptive and interpretive account of the experiences of participants when teaching and supporting students with SEND and language needs. Situating these experiences within an ecological framework of the classroom, appreciates the contextualised experience of being a teacher and the interactions between students, other professionals, systems and structures and the emotive elements that accompanies this experience. Continued and renewed focus and awareness of the presentation of language needs in the secondary context remains pertinent as some teachers felt that they lacked expertise and confidence in this area. Educational Psychology as a profession may be unique in its contribution when supporting schools to consider holistic and ecological influences on the presentation of SEND and support the problem-solving capacity of the school workforce, particularly in an educational context where access to specialist services is hindered due to scarcity of resources

Social cognitive consequences of differences in the emotional grounding of concepts: the role of embodiment

American Psychological Association (PsycINFO Classification Categories and Codes): 2300 Human Experimental Psychology; 2340 Cognitive Processes; 2560 Psychophysiology; 2720 Linguistics & Language & Speech; 3000 Social PsychologyThe present work examines the affective grounding of first-native (L1) and secondlearned (L2) languages, and how they differently impact intra-individual, inter-individual and intergroup processes. In the first chapter we framed our work in the Socially Situated Cognition approach, and proposed the application of its assumptions to linguistic communication. In the second chapter we reviewed literature showing the differences in processing L1-L2, and concluded that these languages are not likely to be grounded in the same way. In the first empirical chapter we examined this assumption in two affective priming experiments. Congruency effects were observed only in L1 for prime/target word pairs, and in L1-L2 for pairs of word/photos (facial expressions). These results suggest different groundings of L1-L2, and that the presence of facial expressions, that facilitate affective simulation processes, may overrule L2 constraints. The second set of three experiments revealed that L2 induces social distance and a more abstract type of processing. Moreover, the social distance induced by L2 was mediated by a more abstract construal-level that is consistent with the disembodied nature of L2. The last set of two experiments indicates that the evaluation of sentences with affective content, presented in L1-L2, depends on their valence and on the group membership of the described targets. Affective simulation (measured with EMG) was more intense in L1, and for the in-group, and differences in simulation of in-group/out-group sentences were enhanced in L2. The last chapter presents a summary of the main findings, their contributions and limitations, and suggests future research directions.O presente trabalho examina a ancoragem afectiva da língua-nativa (L1) e da segunda-língua (L2), e como estas influenciam de forma diferente processos intraindividuais, inter-individuais e intergrupais. No primeiro capítulo enquadramos o trabalho na abordagem da Cognição Social Situada propondo a aplicação das suas premissas à comunicação linguística. No segundo capítulo revemos estudos que mostram diferenças no processamento de L1-L2 concluíndo que, provavelmente, estas línguas não são corporalizadas da mesma maneira. No primeiro capítulo empírico examinamos esta premissa em dois experimentos de primação afectiva. Observámos efeitos de congruência apenas em L1 para pares de palavras primo-alvo, e em L1-L2 para pares de palavras/fotos (expressões faciais). Estes resultados sugerem diferenças na ancoragem afectiva de L1-L2 e que a presença de expressões faciais, facilitadoras de processos de simulação afectiva, anula os constrangimentos impostos por L2. O segundo conjunto de três experimentos revelou que L2 induz distância social e um processamento mais abstracto. Para além disso, a distância social induzida por L2 foi mediada por um construal-level mais abstracto, o que é consistente com a natureza descorporalizada de L2. No último conjunto de dois experimentos observou-se que a avaliação de frases de conteúdo afectivo, apresentadas em L1-L2, depende da sua valência e da pertença grupal dos alvos descritos. A simulação afectiva (medida com EMG) foi mais intensa em L1, e para o in-group, e as diferenças na simulação de frases do in-group/outgroup foram realçadas em L2. O último capítulo apresenta os resultados principais, seus contributos e limitações, e sugestões para investigação futura

Digital competence as interactional accomplishment: An ethnography of early enactments of the DCF

Recent years have witnessed the reform of UK national education curriculums, with an emphasis on rethinking ICT and computing as teaching subjects. In Wales, the Digital Competence Framework (DCF), a cross-curricular framework, was the first element of the Curriculum for Wales 2022 made available to schools. Drawing from an ethnographic study of a primary school in Wales, I explore how this framework is enacted, what sort of troubles arise, and the methods for solving these in situ. Bringing together tropes and sentiments from science and technology studies (STS), digital sociology, and the sociology of education, I consider the classroom as a site ripe for examining setting-specific dynamics and practices of knowledge production. This primarily involves combining an ethnographic sensibility with an ethnomethodological orientation to the study of knowledge as an interactional accomplishment. First, I show how pedagogical dialogues enable the introduction of technical vocabulary, and how pupils and teachers rely on occasioned interpretive procedures for this. Second, I explore the production of instructions for an ICT independent learning activity, in particular, the collaborative accomplishment of understanding instructions in-action. Third, I capture an instance in which insufficient instruction to access an online assignment unveils the delicacy of classroom order, and the practical and moral implications of producing an instructional repair. Taken together, these occasions offer an account of the interactional work involved in accomplishing classroom-specific-work, with special attention afforded to the situated detail of classroom activities as instances of DCF enactments. I show, then, how a new policy is translated into practice, and examine ways in which digital competence is locally and interactionally accomplished. As Wales looks to pioneer digital education, this study provides an early portrait and analysis of just how this happens, and how it is made possible, within Welsh primary education. It contributes theoretical and methodological debates about the study of technology in use and digital education in practice, whilst prioritising practical details, it proves to be informative for teachers and policy makers alike

Педагогіка успіху

The content and main directions of pedagogy of success study are considered. Authors show the necessity of professional self-conscience formation, which includes formation of self-know-ledge, positive self-image, awareness of self-concept and their role during the self-development process. Effectiveness of pedagogical conditions, which are required for the students focus on successful professional activity formation, is justified and experimentally verified. Various techniques that can be used for self-development and self-perfection are provided. Book is intended for graduate and postgraduate students, teachers of all specialties.Розглянуто зміст педагогіки успіху та основні напрямки її вивчення. Показано необ-хідність формування професійної самосвідомості: самопізнання, позитивної самооцінки, усвідомлення Я-концепції та їх роль у процесі саморозвитку. Обґрунтовано, експеримен-тально перевірено ефективність педагогічних умов, необхідних для формування спрямо-ваності студентів на успішну професійну діяльність. Наведено різні методики, які можуть бути використані для саморозвитку і самовдосконалення особистості. Призначено для студентів, магістрів, аспірантів і викладачів усіх спеціальностей

Listening to the unheard voices of children who present with SEBD through journal writing and drawing

This thesis presented the narratives of six children and two nurture group educators. It also discussed the challenges faced by children who present with SEBD (social, emotional and behaviour difficulties) and discussed the need for practices and educators that promote the inclusion of learners who exhibit SEBD. The study explored a support service, a nurture group, and a strategy, journaling, which were used to support children who exhibited SEBD. Through the use of case studies, this research shed light on the importance of listening to the child’s voice through journaling. It explored how children made sense of experiences through journal writing and drawing and how these activities were followed by conversations they had with a trusted educator during a nurture group programme in a primary state school in Malta. This study compared and discussed the journal entries and conversations between the child and educator through four theoretical frameworks (Bronfenbrenner’s Systems Theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Bowlby’s Attachment Theory and Fonagy’s Mentalisation). Findings highlighted the different themes that emerged from the children’s drawings, writings and conversations. Outcomes also presented the work and approaches the educators used to support the children who were experiencing the nurture approach. Findings presented ways in which journal writing and drawing could be used as a tool to facilitate voice in children who present with SEBD. Implications support the importance of listening to the unheard voices of children to ensure a holistic manner of support. Suggestions for supporting children who exhibit SEBD were also advocated

Educational work with factory women in Malaysia

Most women workers' education focuses on women's objective-material situation namely employment conditions and rights as workers. Hence, consciousness-raising on exploitation and the importance of workers unity are the usual agendas. Women's subjectivities, their individual personally lived experiences are rarely taken on board. Even in situations where gender agendas are covered, their unspoken thoughts, repressed feelings and pains, especially the personally felt emotional subordination tend to be overlooked. This thesis explores how silenced experiences of emotional subordination, powerlessness and inferiority can be taken on board in and as educational work with factory women. Guided by principles of participatory research and feminist research I used multiple methods to review current and past educational work with factory women in Malaysia, to explore a way of approaching and doing educational work that is empowering for factory women and that is based on their lived experiences. Specifically the research (i) undertook a historical and critical review of women workers education in Malaysia and identified the neglected dimensions 1 (ii) probed the lived gendered experiences of factory women, and (iii) evolved a pedagogy that can evoke and reconstitute silenced experiences of emotional subordination. Storying, as a narrative methodology for negotiating and constructing meaning from experience (and practice) frames the epistemological and methodological approach to this study. The study established that although emotional suffering is only one dimension of factory women's lived experiences and one dimension of women's subordination, it is however, a critical area to address in educational work concerned with factory women's empowerment, given the pervasiveness of debilitating emotional subjectivities amongst them. Story-telling-sharing in small groups was found to be effective in facilitating the constructive unfolding of differences and commonalities while also fostering an emotionally safe space in which women can rebuild self-esteem and confidence and discover solidarity. Indeed, story-telling-sharing that incorporates processes of reflective talking and making sense is the educational method par excellence. It commences with lived experiences and experienced feelings to reconstitute women's subjectivities. These findings bring significant insights to the pedagogy and content of educational work with women on the global assembly line, and for women and workers' education in general

Proceedings of the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2018 : 10-12 December 2018, Torino

On behalf of the Program Committee, a very warm welcome to the Fifth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-­‐it 2018). This edition of the conference is held in Torino. The conference is locally organised by the University of Torino and hosted into its prestigious main lecture hall “Cavallerizza Reale”. The CLiC-­‐it conference series is an initiative of the Italian Association for Computational Linguistics (AILC) which, after five years of activity, has clearly established itself as the premier national forum for research and development in the fields of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing, where leading researchers and practitioners from academia and industry meet to share their research results, experiences, and challenges

Attention Restraint, Working Memory Capacity, and Mind Wandering: Do Emotional Valence or Intentionality Matter?

Attention restraint appears to mediate the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and mind wandering (Kane et al., 2016). Prior work has identifed two dimensions of mind wandering—emotional valence and intentionality. However, less is known about how WMC and attention restraint correlate with these dimensions. Te current study examined the relationship between WMC, attention restraint, and mind wandering by emotional valence and intentionality. A confrmatory factor analysis demonstrated that WMC and attention restraint were strongly correlated, but only attention restraint was related to overall mind wandering, consistent with prior fndings. However, when examining the emotional valence of mind wandering, attention restraint and WMC were related to negatively and positively valenced, but not neutral, mind wandering. Attention restraint was also related to intentional but not unintentional mind wandering. Tese results suggest that WMC and attention restraint predict some, but not all, types of mind wandering