More Than One Step to Financial Stability

Visiting Scholar Garry Schinasi examines the European proposals for the creation of both a European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) to oversee macroprudential regulation and a European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) to strengthen microprudential supervision. He argues that structural vulnerabilities of this regulatory framework need to be addressed to ensure that the early-warning systems will be adequate to avoid future crises. Specifically, Schinasi points to the fact that the ESRB lacks binding powers to enforce regulation as well as the lack of a legislative framework to resolve the insolvency of systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs).

Responding to unexpected infant deaths : experience in one English region

New national procedures for responding to the unexpected death of a child in England require a joint agency approach to investigate each death and support the bereaved family. As part of a wider population-based study of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI) we evaluated the implementation of this approach. Methods: A process evaluation using a population-based study of all unexpected deaths from birth to 2 years in the South West of England between January 2003 and December 2006. Local police and health professionals followed a standardised approach to the investigation of each death, supported by the research team set up to facilitate this joint approach as well as collect data for a wider research project. Results: We were notified of 155/157 SUDI, with a median time to notification of 2 hours. Initial multi-agency discussions took place in 93.5% of cases. A joint home visit by police officers with health professionals was carried out in 117 cases, 75% within 24 hours of the death. Time to notification and interview reduced during the 4 years of the study. Autopsies were conducted on all cases, the median time to autopsy being 3 days. At the conclusion of the investigation, a local multi-agency case discussion was held in 88% of cases. The median time for the whole process (including family support) was 5 months. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that with appropriate protocols and support, the joint agency approach to the investigation of unexpected infant deaths can be successfully implemented

Secondary English Teachers Dispositions Toward Technology Integration in One-to-One Environments

This study examined how high school English teachers define technology integration and how teacher beliefs regarding technology integration impacts teacher and student use of digital technologies for instructional purposes. Thirty-nine teachers from three high school English departments in their initial year of a one-to-one device implementation participated in this study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed to examine how high school English teachers define technology integration and to examine if teacher beliefs informs technology integration practices. Quantitative data included the use of the TPACK formative assessment tool and an instructional technology use survey. Qualitative data included open-ended survey questions, interviews, and observation notes. Analysis of the qualitative data identified five themes as to what it means to teachers in their first year of a one-to-one device implementation program to integrate technology into their instructional practices. The potential impact of professional development on teachers’ reported TPACK scores, as well as the reported frequency of technology use by teachers and students are discussed

English language teachers’ conceptualizations of one-to-one private tutoring: An international phenomenographic study

Private English tutoring, understood as the paid English teaching service offered to students to supplement their learning of English at school or prepare them for an examination in English, has become a popular out-of-school learning activity. In order to obtain deeper insights into its intricacies, the need arises to examine the experience of one of its pivotal stakeholders – the private tutors. This article is based on a phenomenographic study with a view to investigating the conceptions of private tutoring held by 15 English teachers from three countries (Poland, Portugal, and Turkey) who offer private teaching services in English in their local contexts. The findings suggest that there are at least three conceptions according to which private tutoring can be experienced by the participants: as a source of income, as helping, and as professional development. The study also poses the question if there is space for formal training of private tutors and calls for further research into English private tutoring

Management of topics in online one-to-one English conversation instruction

The aim of the current study is to investigate how participants manage topics in online one-to-one English conversation instruction conducted through synchronous voice-based computer-mediated communication. To date, much work has been done on text-based media in the field of CMC. Recently, researchers have started becoming interested in examining spoken interaction. However, no research has yet been done on topic management in online one-to-one English conversation classes conducted through synchronous voice-based CMC. This study is the first to conduct a micro-analysis of non-verbal elements, such as pitch, volume, intonation, laughter, pauses, inhalations and exhalations, as well as verbal elements, to investigate what sort of interactions participants in online one-to-one conversation classes develop to manage topics during their classes. Thus, this study is expected to play a pioneering role in promoting further research into such classes. In order to illuminate how the participants in the online English classes managed topics during their conversations, four research questions were developed: first, how are topics initiated? second, how are topics maintained? third, how are topics terminated and changed? and fourth, how does trouble and repair in topic management occur? The research findings were obtained through the analysis of the spoken data from the perspective of Conversation Analysis (CA) so that paralinguistic forms as well as the interactional and sequential organisation of talk the participants produce could be analysed in order to answer the research questions. The findings obtained from the analysis revealed various actions associated with topic management that were performed during the online conversation classes. It was found that the participants initiate or proffer topics using questions and statements including topical items, that they maintain topics by employing two fundamental strategies: giving a preferred response or giving a response showing interest, and that they change topics mainly by engaging in collaborative topic transitions forming a topic boundary. It was also found that trouble and repair in topic management occurs: that is, inadequate lexical knowledge, rejection of a proffered topic, and technical problems and other interference affect the sequence of topic management. The findings of the current study will therefore contribute to current research into social interactions that occur during the management of topics in online English one-to-one conversation classes, since this is a subject that has not previously been studied in the fields of either CMC or CA. Accordingly, this study is also expected to fill a gap in these areas of research.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Say Oui to We : A Longitudinal Analysis of Pronouns and Articles in French and English

Modern English only uses gender in personal, reflexive, and possessive third person singular pronouns. Modern English also does not use gendered articles, which extends to not assigning an arbitrary gender to inanimate objects. This study examines how recent this aspect of grammar is, and to what degree did cultural interaction with the French throughout history influence the use of gendered pronouns. Two written texts in British English (one in Old English, one in Modern English) and one written text in French are analyzed for elements of grammatical gender embedded within articles, pronouns, and possessive adjectives. The geopolitical influences on incorporating gender into language were also considered. This study found that gender is altogether more present in Old English and Modern French. Old English is found to have more gendered articles and pronouns than other later evolutions of English. Interactions between Norman pirates and Celtic Britons up through French words being fashionably borrowed by English nobles are evidence of geopolitical and international relations impacting the evolution of the English language

One Approach to Idioms and Their Peculiarities in the English Language

The presented article is dedicated to a very interesting phenomenon existing in linguistics and literary theory – idiom. It aims to study some peculiarities of idioms and identify their different classes which were revealed while processing the material under investigation; to categorize and regulate the idioms united in these classes according to strength, motivation and informativity. The study was grounded on two types of classification of idioms (classification according to their usage and semantic classification), comparative analysis of these two classifications and the conducted experiment. The data the research was based on included 70 randomly chosen idioms. Another objective of the study is to reveal how this or that idiom is perceived by people hence, generally, it is difficult to comprehend the exact meaning of majority of idioms even for native speakers. Most of them find it hard to resolve the real sense of an idiom as in some cases its literal meaning is different from its figurative one. The conducted analysis is dictated and conditioned namely by this fact. It is a well-known fact that idiom is a set word-combination the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of the words included in its composition. The findings of the presented study reveal that a pure idiom should necessarily meet the following formula: strong idiom = non-informative + non-motivated. The analysis also showed that out of 70 randomly chosen idioms, about half of them (34 idioms) follow the mentioned formula, though, there are different cases of deviation from this formula

One sociological approach to some classic themes of English political economy

The paper seeks to raise awareness of the sheer expansive force of capitalism, a social fact that has completely transformed Western societies in the last 600 years. Although the text draws on the simplest and most sound categories of Marx’s labour theory of value, its focus is to show the power and political relationships that take place within enterprises –a new servitude. Our analytical method, as well as its empirical validation, builds on Durkheim’s concept of ‘reaction of punishment’. The paper also explores the historical and structural relations between the advanced sociability of our middle classes and their government by representative assemblies elected by them. For this purpose, we draw on the history of English parliamentarianism, from its social origins in the Normand invasion (1066), to its historical eclosion in the North American democracy (1787). Our interpretation is sociological, seeking the meaning of those exceptional historical transformations, and finding it –paradoxically- in the contrast between the ideal types of Community and Association established by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies. The text also analyses how individualism is originated in capitalist competition, and finishes by pointing out from where (within the social structure) such ideology is propagated as the only one that should shape our behaviour.El texto pretende hacernos conscientes de la tremenda fuerza expansiva del capitalismo, un hecho social que ha transformado por completo a las sociedades occidentales en los últimos 600 años. Utiliza las categorías más sencillas y consolidadas de la teoría del valor-trabajo de Marx, pero su objetivo es mostrar a las relaciones que tienen lugar en el interior de las empresas como relaciones de poder, como relaciones políticas, una nueva servidumbre. Para ello el método de análisis que aplicamos es muy próximo al concepto de ‘reacción penal’ de Durkheim -incluso en la propuesta que hacemos para su validación empírica. El estudio se pregunta además por las relaciones históricas y estructurales entre la sociabilidad avanzada de nuestras clases medias y su gobierno por asambleas representativas, que ellas mismas eligen. Para ello recurrimos a la historia del parlamentarismo inglés, desde sus lejanos orígenes sociales, que encontramos en la Invasión Normanda de la isla (1066), hasta su cabal eclosión histórica en la democracia norteamericana (1787). Pero nuestra interpretación es sociológica, busca el sentido de esas transformaciones históricas excepcionales, y lo halla (paradójicamente) en el contraste entre los tipos-ideales de Comunidad y Asociación establecidos en su día por el sociólogo alemán Ferdinand Tönnies. A lo largo del texto analizamos también cómo se origina el individualismo en la competición capitalista, y finaliza señalando desde dónde (en el interior de la estructura social) se propaga dicha ideología, como la única considerada de recibo para orientar nuestro comportamiento.S

I want to speak English like you : one woman\u27s experience teaching English to adults in Senegal

I went to Senegal, West Africa, in December 2004 because I wanted to teach English there. This was my second trip to Senegal. On my first trip one year earlier I went to practice African dance, and at that time several people asked me to teach them English. In response to their requests and my own sense of adventure, I created an English as a Foreign Language curriculum specifically designed for semi-literate Senegalese adults working in the tourist business. I spent one month in the village of Abene teaching adults and children, but specifically for this study I conducted interviews and intensive observations of two women and two men. As a result of this study I am currently building the Bolong International Library in Abene. This library will be a place where adults and children can learn English, practice literacy in French and their home languages, get help filling out official forms, and pick up donated school clothes and supplies. I am also working on recruiting adventurous teachers who want to participate in cultural exchange while teaching English in a beachside village in Africa

The Translation of English Passive Voice Into Indonesian

English and Indonesian have different grammatical patterns and cultural values. That is why, many problems that students studying translation subject have to face. One of them is how to translate English Passive Voice into Indonesian. That is the reason the writer aims to do the research. The research is to describe the translation of English passive voice into Indonesian by analyzing two novels, which are Kristan Higgins' Waiting on You and its translation Nina Andiana's Penantian Terpanjang. This research uses qualitative method. The writer collected, identified, the data concerning with the translation of English passive voice. The results of the research shows that there are two categories of translating English passive voice into Indonesian, namely English passive voice can be translated both into Indonesian passive voice and English passive voice can be translated into Indonesian active voice. English passive voice is translated into Indonesian passive voice by using prefixes di- and ter-, meanwhile English passive voice is translated into Indonesian active voice by using prefixes me-, men-, and ber-. From forty one data which are identified there are 32 data (78.04%) of English passive voices translated into Indonesian passive voices and 9 data (21.96%) of English passive voices translated into Indonesian active voices