Classification of Emotions on Twitter using Emotion Lexicon and Naïve Bayes

Social media is a means of interaction and communication. One of the social media that is often used is Twitter. Twitter allows its users to express many things, one of which is being a personal media to provide various kinds of expressions from its users such as emotions. Users can express their emotions and sentiments through writing on the status of their social media posts. One method to find out the emotion in the sentence is using the Emotion Lexicon. However, the lexicon-based method is not good at classifying data because not every word contains emotion. So, there's a need to combine it with other classification method such as Naive Bayes. Naïve Bayes relies on independent assumptions to obtain a classification through the probability hypothesis that each class has. The results of the classification test with Emotion Lexicon alone have 46% accuracy, 45% precision, 51% recall and 36% f-measure. While the results of the classification test with Emotion Lexicon and Naïve Bayes resulted in an accuracy of 65%, precision of 77%, recall of 55%, and f- measure of 59%

Komparasi Metode Machine Learning dan Deep Learning untuk Deteksi Emosi pada Text di Sosial Media

Emotion Detection is the process of human emotions recognition, it extracting emotions such as happy, sad, and angry, which are obtained from human natural language. Linguistic Style has a wide range, emotional representations occur to millions of people and makes it difficult to infer a person's emotion in a concrete way. Multilabel datasets are also a challenge to deal in emotion detection. Therefore, an in-depth study of the appropriate method for emotional detection is needed. This study performs a comparative analysis between machine learning methods and deep learning methods. The machine learning methods used are Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, SVM, Gradient Boosting and Logistic Regression. The deep learning methods used in this study include LSTM, CNN, MLP, GRU and RNN. This research discovered that Deep learning has a better performance than machine learning, it seen from the accuracy values ​​of LSTM, CNN, MLP, GRU and RNN which exceed the accuracy values ​​of Naïve Bayes, SVM, Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting and Random Forest.Deteksi Emosi adalah proses pengenalan emosi manusia, merupakan proses mengekstrak emosi seperti bahagia, sedih, dan marah, yang diperoleh dari bahasa alami manusia. Gaya linguistik memiliki jangkauan yang luas, representasi emosional yang terjadi pada jutaan orang menyebabkan kesulitan untuk menyimpulkan keadaan emosi seseorang secara konkret. Multilabel dataset juga merupakan tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam deteksi emosi. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan studi mendalam mengenai metode yang cocok untuk proses identifikasi emosi tersebut. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis perbandingan antara metode machine learning dan metode deep learning. Metode machine learning yang digunakan dalam adalah Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, SVM, Gradient Boosting dan Logistic Regression. Sedangkan metode deep learning yang digunakan antara lain LSTM, CNN, MLP, GRU dan RNN. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa Deep learning memiliki performa yang lebih baik dari machine learning, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari nilai akurasi dari LSTM, CNN, MLP, GRU dan RNN yang melebihi nilai akurasi dari Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, SVM, Gradient Boosting dan Logistic Regression

Analisis Sentimen Pindah Ibu Kota Berbasis Naive Bayes Classifier

Perkembangan media sosial memudahkan pengguna dalam percepatan akses informasi di internet. Akses informasi yang awalnya sulit diperoleh begitu mudah sekarang ini. Media sosial memungkinkan penggunanya tidak hanya mengonsumsi tapi juga berpartisipasi, membuat, mengomentari dan menyebarkan beragam konten dalam berbagai format. Banyak media sosial yang berkembang di internet, salah satu yang banyak digemari adalah Twitter. Twitter merupakan media sosial yang memungkinkan para penggunanya untuk berinteraksi secara personal ataupun terbuka. Melalu fitur hashtag para pengguna Twitter dapat mengetahui topik yang sedang dibahas secara real-time. Selain itu kata kunci pada Twitter dapat pula menjadi sumber perbincangan oleh pengguna. Salah satu topik yang ramai diperbincangkan di Twitter adalah terkait issue pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia. Namun dibalik hal tersebut terdapat kontroversi dari  pihak yang merasa  pro dan kontra, masing-masing memiiki sudut pandang sendiri.  Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya fenomena perdebatan khususnya di Twitter yang sebenarnya menunjukkan perhatian kolektif mengenai wacana publik. Kecenderungan pengguna Twitter dalam memposting konten dapat diketahui dengan cara analisa sentiment. Pada penelitian ini diusulkan metode Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) untuk menganalisa sentimen terhadap wacana pemerintah di media massa online Twitter pada topik pemindahan ibukota Indonesia dengan cara mengklasifikasikan menjadi positif, dan negatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai akurasi yang diperoleh sebesar 94,33%. Dengan dilakukannya analisa sentimen ini diharapkan dapat diketahui permasalahan yang terdapat pada kontroversi topik pemindahan ibukota, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi untuk kepentingan lebih lanjut

KLASIFIKASI EMOSI PADA CUITAN DI TWITTER DENGAN PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Salah satu platform media sosial dengan total pengguna aktif harian terbesar adalah Twitter. Melalui Twitter, orang-orang bisa membagikan suatu pesan yang disebut dengan tweet. Ungkapan yang diekspresikan pada tweet dapat merefleksikan bagaimana emosi atau perasaan yang dimiliki seseorang. Emosi yang terkandung dalam sebuah tweet bisa dikenali lewat proses analisis sentimen. Namun, data teks Twitter tidak terstruktur, mengingat saat ini penggunaan singkatan kata, emoji, atau bahkan frasa khusus banyak dijumpai pada tweet, termasuk tweet yang diunggah oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Sehingga, untuk mengidentifikasi emosi dari data teks Twitter melalui proses analisis sentimen dibutuhkan penerapan metode yang tepat. Di sisi lain, Machine Learning telah banyak diaplikasikan dalam melakukan tugas analisis sentimen. Kerangka kerja yang disajikan pada penelitian ini melibatkan penggunaan dari algoritma Machine Learning untuk dapat menganalisis emosi yang dimuat tweet berbahasa indonesia. Selebihnya, implementasi metode FastText dan teknik ekstraksi fitur PCA juga diterapkan agar output yang diberikan maksimal. Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa classifier Support Vector Machine (SVM) dengan fungsi kernel RBF yang dikombinasikan menggunakan PCA memiliki kinerja yang unggul dalam mengklasifikasikan emosi pada tweet berbahasa indonesia, dimana berturut-turut Accuracy, Precision, Recall, serta F1 Score yang dicapai sebesar 70,52%, 74,60%, 69,80%, dan juga 71,20%

POSTER TIGA RONDE: AN APPRAISAL ANALYSIS OF NEGATIVE COMMENTS ON TWITTER

This paper discusses the negative comments on the tweets attacking the "tiga ronde'' poster during the student protest on April 11, 2022, that went viral on Twitter. This is a qualitative study, using the appraisal theory as an analytical method. The data collection is carried out by taking random tweets within the discourse of poster “tiga ronde”, which are then sorted into ten tweets as the appraising items. The appraising items were translated from Indonesian to English. We then looked for the word with the closest pragmatic meaning to the translated word in the semantic resources of the appraisal framework. Lastly, we categorized whether the appraising word is classified into effect, judgment, or appreciation. The study aims to understand the attitude of those negative comments. It is presumed that the intended meaning of the comments, whether it is an effect, judgment on the poster creator, or appreciation of the poster can give a better understanding of why they are used to attack the poster. The study reveals that a lot of anonymous accounts give judgment towards the creator’s behavior rather than appreciating the poster or expressing their feelings about the phenomenon

Sentiment Analysis on Work from Home Policy Using Naïve Bayes Method and Particle Swarm Optimization

At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the coronavirus, which spread rapidly in various countries, one of which was Indonesia. So that the government implemented the Work from Home policy to suppress the spread of Covid-19. This has resulted in many people writing their opinions on the Twitter social media platform and reaping many pros and cons of the community from all aspects. The data source used in this study came from tweets with keywords related to work from home. Several previous studies in this field have not implemented feature selection for sentiment analysis, although the method used is not optimal. So that the contribution in this study is to classify public opinion into positive and negative using sentiment analysis and implement PSO for feature selection and Naïve Bayes for classifiers in building sentiment analysis models. The results showed that the best accuracy was 81% in the classification using Naive Bayes and 86% in the classification using naive Bayes based on PSO through a comparison of 90% training data and 10% test data. With the addition of an accuracy of 5%, it can be concluded that the use of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm as a feature selection can help the classification process so that the results obtained are more effective than before

A review on Video Classification with Methods, Findings, Performance, Challenges, Limitations and Future Work

In recent years, there has been a rapid development in web users and sufficient bandwidth. Internet connectivity, which is so low cost, makes the sharing of information (text, audio, and videos) more common and faster. This video content needs to be analyzed for prediction it classes in different purpose for the users. Many machines learning approach has been developed for the classification of video to save people time and energy. There are a lot of existing review papers on video classification, but they have some limitations such as limitation of the analysis, badly structured, not mention research gaps or findings, not clearly describe advantages, disadvantages, and future work. But our review paper almost overcomes these limitations. This study attempts to review existing video-classification procedures and to examine the existing methods of video-classification comparatively and critically and to recommend the most effective and productive process. First of all, our analysis examines the classification of videos with taxonomical details, the latest application, process, and datasets information. Secondly, overall inconvenience, difficulties, shortcomings and potential work, data, performance measurements with the related recent relation in science, deep learning, and the model of machine learning. Study on video classification systems using their tools, benefits, drawbacks, as well as other features to compare the techniques they have used also constitutes a key task of this review. Lastly, we also present a quick summary table based on selected features. In terms of precision and independence extraction functions, the RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and combination approach performs better than the CNN dependent method

Sentiment Analysis on Twitter: Role of Healthcare Professionals in the Global Conversation during the AstraZeneca Vaccine Suspension

The vaccines against COVID-19 arrived in Spain at the end of 2020 along with vaccination campaigns which were not free of controversy. The debate was fueled by the adverse effects following the administration of the AstraZeneca-Oxford (AZ) vaccine in some European countries, eventually leading to its temporary suspension as a precautionary measure. In the present study, we analyze the healthcare professionals’ conversations, sentiment, polarity, and intensity on social media during two periods in 2021: the one closest to the suspension of the AZ vaccine and the same time frame 30 days later. We also analyzed whether there were differences between Spain and the rest of the world. Results: The negative sentiment ratio was higher (U = 87; p = 0.048) in Spain in March (Med = 0.396), as well as the daily intensity (U = 86; p = 0.044; Med = 0.440). The opposite happened with polarity (U = 86; p = 0.044), which was higher in the rest of the world (Med = −0.264). Conclusions: There was a general increase in messages and interactions between March and April. In Spain, there was a higher incidence of negative messages and intensity compared to the rest of the world during the March period that disappeared in April. Finally, it was found that the dissemination of messages linked to negative emotions towards vaccines against COVID-19 from healthcare professionals contributed to a negative approach to primary prevention campaigns in the middle of the pandemicThis research was funded by Fundación Banco Santander and Fundación Alfonso X el Sabio, grant number 1012031. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag