High speed VLSI architectures for DWT in biometric image compression: A study

AbstractBiometrics is a field that navigates through a vast database and extracts only the qualifying data to accelerate the processes of biometric authentication/recognition. Image compression is a vital part of the process. Various Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) architectures have emerged to satisfy the real time requirements of the online processing of the applications. This paper studies various techniques that help in realizing the fast operation of the transform stage of the image compression processes. Various parameters that may involve in optimizations for high speed like computing time, silicon area, memory size etc are considered in the survey

A Vlsi architecture for lifting-based wavelet packet transform in fingerprint image compression

FBI uses a technique called Wavelet Scalar Quantization (WSQ), a wavelet packet transform (WPT) based method, to compress its fingerprint images. Though many VLSI architectures have been proposed for wavelet transform in the literature, it is not the case for the WPT. In this thesis, a VLSI architecture capable of computing the WPT is presented for application of WSQ. In the proposed architecture, Lifting Scheme (LS) is used to generate wavelets instead of the traditional convolution filter-bank (FB) specified in original standard. A comparative study between LS and FB shows that quality of images transformed by LS is completely acceptable (with 30dB∼40dB PSNR at a target bit rate of 0.75dpp) while fewer operations required. In particular, to compare with FB, the hardware consumption, for our WSQ application, is reduced to half due to the LS. Moreover, this architecture can be easily configured to compute any required WPT application

Diseño hardware de la transformada wavelet discreta: un análisis de complejidad, precisión y frecuencia de operación

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of hardware design of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in terms of three design goals: accuracy, hardware cost and operating frequency. Every design should take into account the following facts: method (non-polyphase, polyphase and lifting), topology (multiplier-based and multiplierless-based), structure (conventional or pipelined), and quantization format (floatingpoint, fixed-point, CSD or integer). Since DWT is widely used in several applications (e.g. compression, filtering, coding, pattern recognition among others), selection of adequate parameters plays an important role in the performance of these systems.El propósito de este documento es presentar un análisis comparativo de esquemas hardware de la Transformada Wavelet Discreta, DWT, en términos de tres objetivos de diseño: precisión, complejidad y frecuencia de operación. Cada diseño debe considerar los siguientes aspectos: método (no polifásico, polifásico y lifting), topología (basados en multiplicadores y sin multiplicadores), estructura (convencional o pipeline) y formato de cuantización (punto flotante, punto fijo, CSD o entero). Dado que la DWT es ampliamente utilizada en diversas aplicaciones (por ejemplo en compresión, filtrado, codificación, reconocimiento de patrones, entre otras), la selección adecuada de parámetros de diseño desempeña un papel importante en el diseño de estos sistemas

Implementation of VlSI Based Image Compression Approach on Reconfigurable Computing System -A Survey

ABSTRAC

Discrete Wavelet Transforms

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms have a firm position in processing of signals in several areas of research and industry. As DWT provides both octave-scale frequency and spatial timing of the analyzed signal, it is constantly used to solve and treat more and more advanced problems. The present book: Discrete Wavelet Transforms: Algorithms and Applications reviews the recent progress in discrete wavelet transform algorithms and applications. The book covers a wide range of methods (e.g. lifting, shift invariance, multi-scale analysis) for constructing DWTs. The book chapters are organized into four major parts. Part I describes the progress in hardware implementations of the DWT algorithms. Applications include multitone modulation for ADSL and equalization techniques, a scalable architecture for FPGA-implementation, lifting based algorithm for VLSI implementation, comparison between DWT and FFT based OFDM and modified SPIHT codec. Part II addresses image processing algorithms such as multiresolution approach for edge detection, low bit rate image compression, low complexity implementation of CQF wavelets and compression of multi-component images. Part III focuses watermaking DWT algorithms. Finally, Part IV describes shift invariant DWTs, DC lossless property, DWT based analysis and estimation of colored noise and an application of the wavelet Galerkin method. The chapters of the present book consist of both tutorial and highly advanced material. Therefore, the book is intended to be a reference text for graduate students and researchers to obtain state-of-the-art knowledge on specific applications

Soft skills among hearing impaired graduates for sustainability and well-being in workplace

Technical skill is not the only skill needed to secure an employment in the 21st century. Soft skills have become one of the basic needs nowadays and the most essential skill in industry for both common worker and hearing impaired worker. Graduates’ unemployment issue showed a gap exists between academic excellent and equipped soft skills. Therefore, this article was written to determine the elements needed to sustain soft skills among hearing impaired graduates in order to ensure sustainability and well-being in workplace. The research uses meta-analysis, interview and fuzzy Delphi method to get consensus from 11 experts consisting of four specialist educators, four employers and three graduates in relation to hearing impaired community. The findings show that, the expert consensus agreement exceeds 75% with threshold (d) value 0.2 and α-cut 0.5. The elements of the soft skills for hearing impaired graduates were sorted and ranked as personal qualities, basic skills, resource and information skills, interpersonal skills, thinking skills, entrepreneurship skills and system and technology skills. For future studies, it is recommended to develop an instrument based on the elements of this study to measure soft skills of hearing impaired graduates. Meanwhile, educational institutions must work hand in hand with industry to strengthen the soft skills among future hearing impaired worker through industry training programme to produce more competitive workforce, sustainability and well-being in the workplace

Ultra-High Performance and Low-Cost Architecture of Discrete Wavelet Transforms

This work targets the challenging issue to produce high throughput and low-cost configurable architecture of Discrete wavelet transforms (DWT). More specifically, it proposes a new hardware architecture of the first and second generation of DWT using a modified multi-resolution tree. This approach is based on serializations and interleaving of data between different stages. The designed architecture is massively parallelized and sharing hardware between low-pass and high-pass filters in the wavelet transformation algorithm. Consequently, to process data in high speed and decrease hardware usage. The different steps of the post/pre-synthesis configurable algorithm are detailed in this paper. A modulization in VHDL at RTL level and implementation of the designed architecture on FPGA technology in a NexysVideo board (Artix 7 FPGA) are done in this work, where the performance, the configurability and the generic of our architecture are highly enhanced. The implementation results indicate that our proposed architectures provide a very high-speed data processing with low needed resources. As an example, with the parameters depth order equal 2, filter order equal 2, order quantization equal 5 and a parallel degree P = 16, we reach a bit rate around 3160 Mega samples per second with low used of logic elements (≈400) and logic registers (≈700)