Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit THT Menggunakan Inferensi Forward Chaining dan Metode Certainty Factor

Currently, Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) has become a disease that is quite common in the world. In Indonesia, people with ENT disease are around 190-230 per 1000 population. The types of diseases studied in this study were Serous Orthitis Media, Nasal Polyps, Acute Pharyngitis, Retrofaryngeal Abscess, and Nafosaryngeal Carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to make an application of an expert system for the diagnosis of ENT diseases using forward chaining inference and certainty factors that can facilitate medical personnel to diagnose types of ENT diseases. The stages of developing an expert system in this study consisted of problem identification for problem domain, knowledge acquisition was used to obtain the MB and MD value of each symptom in ENT disease with the interview method, the design was used to design knowledge representations such as decision tables and inference engine. With the expert system of ENT disease diagnosis, it can make it easier for doctors to make decisions, or the right diagnosis of a symptom that arises in ENT, so that proper treatment is obtained and minimizes the occurrence of misdiagnosesSaat ini penyakit Telinga Hidung dan Tenggorokan (THT) telah menjadi suatu penyakit yang cukup banyak diderita oleh masyarakat dunia. Di Indonesia, penderita penyakit THT berjumlah sekitar 190-230 per 1000 penduduk. Jenis penyakit yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah Ortitis Media Serosa, Polip Hidung, Faringtis Akut, Abses Retrofaring, dan Karsinoma Nafosaring. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat aplikasi sistem pakar diagnosis penuyakit THT menggunakan inferensi forward chaining dan certainty factor yang dapat memudahkan tenaga medis untuk diagnosis jenis penyakit THT. Tahapan pengembangan sistem pakar pada penelitian ini terdiri dari identifikasi masalah untuk analisis domain permasalahan, akuisisi pengetahuan digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai MB dan MD tiap-tiap gejala pada penyakit THT dengan metode wawancara, perancangan digunakan untuk merancang representasi pengetahuan seperti tabel keputusan dan kaidah pengetahuan. Dengan adanya sistem pakar diagnosis penyakit THT dapat mempermudah dokter mengambil keputusan, atau diagnosa yang tepat terhadap suatu gejala – gejala yang timbul pada penyakit THT, sehingga diperoleh pengobatan yang tepat dan minimalisir terjadinya kesalahan diagnosis

Recommendations for the management of MPS VI: systematic evidence- and consensus-based guidance.

IntroductionMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI or Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (253200) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency in N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B). The heterogeneity and progressive nature of MPS VI necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach and there is a need for robust guidance to achieve optimal management. This programme was convened to develop evidence-based, expert-agreed recommendations for the general principles of management, routine monitoring requirements and the use of medical and surgical interventions in patients with MPS VI.Methods26 international healthcare professionals from various disciplines, all with expertise in managing MPS VI, and three patient advocates formed the Steering Committee group (SC) and contributed to the development of this guidance. Members from six Patient Advocacy Groups (PAGs) acted as advisors and attended interviews to ensure representation of the patient perspective. A modified-Delphi methodology was used to demonstrate consensus among a wider group of healthcare professionals with expertise and experience managing patients with MPS VI and the manuscript has been evaluated against the validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument by three independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 93 guidance statements were developed covering five domains: (1) general management principles; (2) recommended routine monitoring and assessments; (3) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); (4) interventions to support respiratory and sleep disorders; (5) anaesthetics and surgical interventions. Consensus was reached on all statements after two rounds of voting. The greatest challenges faced by patients as relayed by consultation with PAGs were deficits in endurance, dexterity, hearing, vision and respiratory function. The overall guideline AGREE II assessment score obtained for the development of the guidance was 5.3/7 (where 1 represents the lowest quality and 7 represents the highest quality of guidance).ConclusionThis manuscript provides evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the management of patients with MPS VI and is for use by healthcare professionals that manage the holistic care of patients with the intention to improve clinical- and patient-reported outcomes and enhance patient quality of life. It is recognised that the guidance provided represents a point in time and further research is required to address current knowledge and evidence gaps

Recommendations for the management of MPS IVA: systematic evidence- and consensus-based guidance.

IntroductionMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA or Morquio A syndrome is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by deficiency of the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme, which impairs lysosomal degradation of keratan sulphate and chondroitin-6-sulphate. The multiple clinical manifestations of MPS IVA present numerous challenges for management and necessitate the need for individualised treatment. Although treatment guidelines are available, the methodology used to develop this guidance has come under increased scrutiny. This programme was conducted to provide evidence-based, expert-agreed recommendations to optimise management of MPS IVA.MethodsTwenty six international healthcare professionals across multiple disciplines, with expertise in managing MPS IVA, and three patient advocates formed the Steering Committee (SC) and contributed to the development of this guidance. Representatives from six Patient Advocacy Groups (PAGs) were interviewed to gain insights on patient perspectives. A modified-Delphi methodology was used to demonstrate consensus among a wider group of healthcare professionals with experience managing patients with MPS IVA and the manuscript was evaluated against the validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument by three independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 87 guidance statements were developed covering five domains: (1) general management principles; (2) recommended routine monitoring and assessments; (3) disease-modifying interventions (enzyme replacement therapy [ERT] and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT]); (4) interventions to support respiratory and sleep disorders; (5) anaesthetics and surgical interventions (including spinal, limb, ophthalmic, cardio-thoracic and ear-nose-throat [ENT] surgeries). Consensus was reached on all statements after two rounds of voting. The overall guideline AGREE II assessment score obtained for the development of the guidance was 5.3/7 (where 1 represents the lowest quality and 7 represents the highest quality of guidance).ConclusionThis manuscript provides evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the management of patients with MPS IVA and is for use by healthcare professionals that manage the holistic care of patients with the intention to improve clinical- and patient-reported outcomes and enhance patient quality of life. It is recognised that the guidance provided represents a point in time and further research is required to address current knowledge and evidence gaps

Development of rapid, automated diagnostics for infectious disease: advances and challenges

The last 2 years has seen an exponential rise in the amount of research funding made available for the development of rapid diagnostic devices for infectious agents of medical importance. This review reports on several such projects. These highlight the development of fully automated devices for rapid diagnostics, ranging from fully automated real-time PCR-based detection methods to fully automated PCR- and array-based machines for the detection and typing of influenza. This review will also highlight the importance of refocusing work on classical immunoassay techniques, showing how biosensor-based immunoassays can greatly enhance existing assays and at a much reduced cost to molecular-based methods

Addressing the need for an adult allergy clinic in Malta

The incidence of allergy is globally on the increase. Allergology is a relatively new speciality with rapidly growing needs. Many patients have co-existent allergic conditions including asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, food and drug allergy. It is recommended internationally that patients suffering from allergic conditions including anaphylaxis are investigated, treated and followed up by an allergy specialist in a safe environment with resuscitation facilitations readily available, especially when certain investigations are performed. This article highlights the importance of the need for such an allergy service for adult patients at Mater Dei Hospital, in patients with new onset or previously undiagnosed allergic conditions as well as transition of care from paediatric services, with the intention of performing specialist investigations, providing optimal expert management and expert to allergy sufferers locally whilst improving patients’ quality of life. A multidisciplinary team approach would further improve this service.peer-reviewe

Development of Java based graphical user interface for Diagnosis of Hepatitis UsingI Mixture of Expert

Hepatitis is deadly, and the fifth leading cause of death after heart disease, stroke, chest disease and cancer. Worldwide, 1.5 million deaths per year have been estimated. Detection of hepatitis is a big problem for general practitioners. An expert doctor commonly makes decisions by evaluating the current test results of a patient or by comparing the patient with others with the same condition with reference to the previous decisions. Many machine learning and data mining techniques have been designed for the automatic diagnosis of hepatitis. However, no one tool is available to the general population for the diagnosis of Hepatitis. Hence, a graphical user interface-enabled tool needs to be developed, through which medical practitioners can feed patient data easily and find hepatitis diagnoses instantly and accurately. 
Methods: In this study a hepatitis dataset was taken from the UCI machine repository database with a total of 20 attributes of two classes, Affected and Not Affected. 
Results and Conclusion: The models have been generated with a mixture of experts as a classification method for the diagnosis of hepatitis. Very good accuracy has been observed in the generated models. Finally, the model having the least minimum square error was selected. This model was then linked with GUI for the design of tools for hepatitis prediction

Expert System for Crop Disease based on Graph Pattern Matching: A proposal

Para la agroindustria, las enfermedades en cultivos constituyen uno de los problemas más frecuentes que generan grandes pérdidas económicas y baja calidad en la producción. Por otro lado, desde las ciencias de la computación, han surgido diferentes herramientas cuya finalidad es mejorar la prevención y el tratamiento de estas enfermedades. En este sentido, investigaciones recientes proponen el desarrollo de sistemas expertos para resolver este problema haciendo uso de técnicas de minería de datos e inteligencia artificial, como inferencia basada en reglas, árboles de decisión, redes bayesianas, entre otras. Además, los grafos pueden ser usados para el almacenamiento de los diferentes tipos de variables que se encuentran presentes en un ambiente de cultivos, permitiendo la aplicación de técnicas de minería de datos en grafos, como el emparejamiento de patrones en los mismos. En este artículo presentamos una visión general de las temáticas mencionadas y una propuesta de un sistema experto para enfermedades en cultivos, basado en emparejamiento de patrones en grafos.For agroindustry, crop diseases constitute one of the most common problems that generate large economic losses and low production quality. On the other hand, from computer science, several tools have emerged in order to improve the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this sense, recent research proposes the development of expert systems to solve this problem, making use of data mining and artificial intelligence techniques like rule-based inference, decision trees, Bayesian network, among others. Furthermore, graphs can be used for storage of different types of variables that are present in an environment of crops, allowing the application of graph data mining techniques like graph pattern matching. Therefore, in this paper we present an overview of the above issues and a proposal of an expert system for crop disease based on graph pattern matching