A comprehensive analysis of SVPWM for a Five-phase VSI based on SiC devices applied to motor drives

© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of SVPWM for a five-phase VSI based on SiC devices applied to motor drives. The modulation techniques analyzed use medium and large vectors to reach the reference vector. The 2L SVPWM uses two large space vectors, and the generated output signal contain low frequency harmonics. 2L+2M SVPWM uses two large and two medium space vectors. This technique provides good power loss distribution. 4L SVPWM works with the activation of four large space vectors. This modulation is able to generate low common-mode voltage. The performance and main features are analyzed using Matlab/Simulink and PLECS blockset software. Power losses, total harmonic distortion and common-mode voltage are compared and evaluated.Postprint (author's final draft

A Survey: Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) in 3φ Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

Since last decades, the pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have been an intensive research subject. Also, different kinds of methodologies have been presented on inverter switching losses, inverter output current/ voltage total harmonic distortion (THD), inverter maximum output of DC bus voltage. The Sinusoidal PWM is generally used to control the inverter output voltage and it helps to maintains drive performance. The recent years have seen digital modulation mechanisms based on theory of space vector i.e. Space vector PWM (SVPWM). The SVPWM mechanism offers the enhanced amplitude modulation indexes (MI) than sinusoidal PWM along with the reduction in the harmonics of inverter output voltage and reduced communication losses. Currently, the digital control mechanisms have got more attention than the analog counterparts, as the performance and reliability of microprocessors has increased. Most of the SVPWM mechanisms are performed by using the analog or digital circuits like microcontrollers and DSPs. From the recent study, analysis gives that use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) can offer more efficient and faster solutions. This paper discusses the numerous existing research aspects of FPGA realization for voltage source inverter (VSI) along with the future line of research

Experimental Investigation of Decoupled Discontinuous PWM Strategies in Open-End Winding Induction Motor Supplied by a Common DC-link

© 2023 IEEE. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2023.3258799Currently, open-end winding induction motors fed by a dual inverter (OEWIM-DI) present an innovative approach to enhance the performance of modern electric drive systems, such as electrical vehicles and electric aircraft applications. However, the DI topology requires a proper switching control strategy to enable the OEWIM drive to fully achieve its performance. This work aims to investigate experimentally the impact of different decoupled discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DDPWM) control strategies on the performance of the OEWIM-DI supplied by a common dc-link. The criteria performances adopted in this study are: 1) the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current and voltage; 2) the zero sequence voltage (ZSV); 3) the common mode voltage (CMV); and 4) the DI losses. The various DDPWM control schemes for the 1.5-kW OEWIM-DI motor drive are implemented on a dSPACE 1104 board, and the results are compared with the popular and widely used space-vector PWM (SVPWM) strategy. From the results, it can be concluded that the optimized DDPWM technique gives the best performance. This technique has reduced the CMV by one level and reduces the losses by 50% while having the same THD and ZSV obtained with the SVPWM technique.Peer reviewe

Discussion of the technology and research in fuel injectors common rail system

Common rail is one of the most important components in a diesel and gasoline direct injection system. It features a high-pressure (100 bar) fuel rail feeding solenoid valves, as opposed to a low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors. Third-generation common rail diesels now feature piezoelectric injectors for increased precision, with fuel pressures up to 2,500 bar. The purpose of this review paper is to investigate the technology and research in fuel injectors common rail system. This review paper focuses on component of common rail injection system, pioneer of common rail injection, characteristics of common rail injection system, method to reduce smoke and NOx emission simultaneously and impact of common rail injection system. Based on our research, it can be concluded that common rail injection gives many benefit such as good for the engine performance, safe to use, and for to reduce the emission of the vehicle. Fuel injection common rail system is the modern technology that must be developed. Nowadays, our earth is polluting by vehicle output such as smoke. If the common rail system is developed, it can reduce the pollution and keep our atmosphere clean and safe

Efficiency Optimization and Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Brushless Motors in Three-Phase Pulse Width Modulated Voltage Source Inverter Drives

In high performance drives where it is desirable to exploit the usefulness of reluctance torque and machine saliency, permanent magnet synchronous brushless motors are machines of choice. However, speed control of these machines especially in the flux weakening region becomes more complex due to the non-linear coupling among the winding currents as well as the nonlinearity present in the torque. While numerous research efforts in the past have considered control and efficiency improvements of induction motors, and synchronous motors with field windings, research efforts in developing an efficiency optimization and control strategy applicable to all salient-type permanent magnet synchronous brushless motors are still in their infancy.;A traditional control technique that has commonly been employed in efficiency improvement efforts is the stator\u27s zero d-axis current (i ds=0) technique. In this method, the rotor flux is aligned with the direct-axis so that the stator\u27s direct-axis current is zero and the torque becomes a linear function of the stator\u27s quadrature-axis current. Although this method achieves decoupling of winding currents and simplicity of control, it does not fully exploit the use of the machine\u27s saliency and reluctance torque, and is also not well-suited for wide-range load operations. The maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) technique is another less complex technique that has been considered which fully exploits the use of machine saliency with motor torque selected along the geometric curve of minimum-amplitude current space vectors for minimum loss operation. The drawback of the MTPA technique is that it does not provide high efficiency performance for synchronous reluctance motors running at low fractional loads.;In this work, the problem of efficiency optimization in the salient-type permanent magnet synchronous brushless motors is investigated. A machine model which includes the effect of core losses is proposed for developing a loss minimization algorithm that dynamically determines the optimal reference currents and voltages required for minimizing the total electrical losses (copper losses and core losses) within the feasible operating regions imposed by the motor and inverter capacities. The loss minimization strategy is implemented within a speed control loop for a synchronous reluctance motor drive and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated by comparing performances with that of the traditional maximum torque per ampere and stator\u27s zero d-axis current vector control methods. It is shown that the proposed scheme offers the advantages of simplicity and superior performance throughout the entire operating range, and also improves motor efficiency to 96% at full load and full-speed operating condition

Digital Control of Power Converters and Drives for Hybrid Traction and Wireless Charging

In the last years environmental issues and constant increase of fuel and energy cost have been incentivizing the development of low emission and high efficiency systems, either in traction field or in distributed generation systems from renewable energy sources. In the automotive industry, alternative solutions to the standard internal combustion engine (ICE) adopted in the conventional vehicles have been developed, i.e. fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or pure electric vehicles (EVs), also referred as battery powered electric vehicles (BEV). Both academic and industry researchers all over the world are still facing several technical development areas concerning HEV components, system topologies, power converters and control strategies. Efficiency, lifetime, stability and volume issues have moved the attention on a number of bidirectional conversion solutions, both for the energy transfer to/from the storage element and to/from the electric machine side. Moreover, along with the fast growing interest in EVs and PHEVs, wireless charging, as a new way of charging batteries, has drawn the attention of researchers, car manufacturers, and customers recently. Compared to conductive power transfer (usually plug-in), wireless power transfer (WPT) is more convenient, weather proof, and electric shock protected. However, there is still more research work needs to be done to optimize efficiency, cost, increase misalignment tolerance, and reduce size of the WPT chargers. The proposed dissertation describes the work from 2012 to 2014, during the PhD course at the Electric Drives Laboratory of the University of Udine and during my six months visiting scholarship at the University of Michigan in Dearborn. The topics studied are related to power conversion and digital control of converters and drives suitable for hybrid/electric traction, generation from renewable energy sources and wireless charging applications. From the theoretical point of view, multilevel and multiphase DC/AC and DC/DC converters are discussed here, focusing on design issues, optimization (especially from the efficiency point-of-view) and advantages. Some novel modulation algorithms for the neutral-point clamped three-level inverter are presented here as well as a new multiphase proposal for a three-level buck converter. In addition, a new active torque damping technique in order to reduce torque oscillations in internal combustion engines is proposed here. Mainly, two practical implementations are considered in this dissertation, i.e. an original two-stage bi-directional converter for mild hybrid traction and a wireless charger for electric vehicles fast charge

Asenkron motorlar için ayarlanabilir gerilim uygulamalı V/f tabanlı hız denetiminde farklı PWM tekniklerinin performans analizi

This paper presents a comparative study and a method to improve Volt-Hertz (V/f) based speed control of Induction Motors (IMs). For this purpose, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) techniques are investigated and evaluated, especially from the point of their control performance on the V/f-based control for three-phase IMs working at different load and speed conditions. From this aspect, it is a different study from the literature. Steady and transient effects of both techniques on the above mentioned control methods are analyzed for several case studies. Afterwards, adjustable boost voltage application with modified reference commands technique is proposed for both PWM methods in order to improve start-up performance. All investigations for both PWM models are carried out under the same conditions. Although SVPWM technique gives more effective results in many cases, the proposed method provides noticeable improvements on SPWM-based applications from point of performance on the control method. As a novelty of this study, it is shown that, the bad performance of the control method at low frequency in SPWM application, which has lower computational burden for low cost microcontroller, can be improved by applying adjustable boost voltage along with modified references that are proportional to the DC bus current

An Investigation on The Impacts of Inverter Modulation Techniques on The Performance of The Dual Inverter Drive

This work presents a comprehensive overview about the dual inverter drives in applications related to the electric vehicle industry. The requirement of efficient and integrated power electronic converter circuits has become an essential requirement to the vehicle function. Major research and progress have been made to achieve dual and bidirectional operation of power flow, while minimizing losses, volume and costs. This thesis surveys the single, three phase, and dual inverter structure and operation. The dual structures are earning growing attention due to their capability to provide multiple output voltages to the stator of the electric machine associated with the electric vehicle. The contribution of this work is to study the impact of the major modulation techniques on the regulated, dual inverter drive performance. The selected methods for evaluation include sinusoidal pulse width modulation, third harmonic injection pulse width modulation, and space vector modulation in terms of the drive’s output voltage, fundamental voltage and total harmonic distortion. The second investigation involves the manipulation of phase angle relationships between the gates of the two adjacent inverters, allowing the drive to achieve equal phase voltage and power between both inverters at varying loads

Extending Voltage Range and Reducing Torque Ripple of Five-Phase Motor Drives with Added Voltage Harmonics

As multi-phase (defined as greater than three-phase) drives become more popular and practical, new research in this area investigates potential advantages including lower torque ripple and better power density. The added dimensions of a multi-phase machine leads to a completely different operating nature than standard three-phase machines. It can be shown physically and mathematically that certain harmonics do not contribute to torque production and therefore the torque is not directly tied to the current wave-shape. This paper utilizes this property to demonstrate a substantial increase in voltage range and a reduction in torque ripple through the use of added voltage harmonics. An analysis of a five-phase motor is presented followed by a range of modulation techniques. It is shown that by proper selection of third, fifth, and seventh harmonics, the required dc voltage can be reduced by eighteen percent and the torque ripple can be reduced by nearly sixty percent over traditional methods at the expense of higher current THD; which may not be a disadvantage in certain applications. Further investigation is then carried out in applying a unique space-vector modulation patter to the five-phase motor drive. This further reduces the torque ripple. Detailed simulation and laboratory tests are used to demonstrate this concept

Pulse width modulation technique with harmonic injection in the modulating wave and discontinuous frequency modulation for the carrier wave to reduce vibrations in asynchronous machines.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/25179A new carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique to control power inverters is presented in this study. To generate the output waveform, this technique compares a harmonic-injection modulating wave and a frequency-modulated triangular carrier wave. The instantaneous frequency for the carrier wave is adjusted according to a periodic function synchronised with the fundamental term of the modulating wave. The main motivation for using this technique compared to a classic PWM sinusoidal technique revolves around the reduction of total harmonic distortion, the reduction of the distortion factor and the shift of temporal harmonics to higher frequencies for any modulation frequency order. Experimental results show that it is possible to optimise the time harmonics generated to minimise vibrations produced by an induction motor when it is fed with a DC/AC converter controlled by the proposed control strategy. This is made possible by using a control parameter that modifies the instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave without modifying the number of pulses per period of the modulating wave, i.e. the mean value of the carrier wave frequency. The proposed technique is applied to an open loop-controlled inverter that operates an induction motor, helping to reduce the vibration levels produced.This work was funded by Spanish National Research Plan (2015–2017) with grant no. ENE2013-46205-C5-5-R