Disaster News Reporting:Thinkings on Reality

本文以灾难报道为例,分析了有关真实性的两个思考,即客观真实与主观真实、微观真实和整体真实。【英文摘要】The paper takes the disaster news reporting,and makes thinkings on the reality of news:objective reality and subjective,micro reality and entire reality

When societies crash : a critical analysis of news media's social role in the aftermath of national disasters

Apart from their primary role as news providers in disaster situations, news media can also assume a broader social role. Drawing on a critically informed qualitative content analysis of the Belgian news reporting on a national disaster, the article reveals a twofold articulation of this social role. The first consisted in newspapers highlighting the emotional dimension with potential societal implications of raising compassion and identification. Second, we found a strong articulation of a discourse of (national) unity and community, aimed at restoring the disrupted social order in the disaster’s aftermath. Both aspects were discursively established by a dominant presence of emotional testimonies, strategies of personalization and by the use of inclusive language permeated with references to nation or community. The study highlights the important social role of journalism in disaster situations and events involving human suffering

The Role of Local and National Radio and TVs in Disaster Management: A case study of 2012 East Azerbaijan – Iran Earthquake

According to Iran's vulnerability to natural disasters and the important role of the mass media in managing such disasters, the purpose of this study is to achieve a model describing the role of local and national radio and TV in disaster management. The data were collected through interviews with three groups including the victims of the earthquake in Azerbaijan, managers and employees of local radio and TV in Azerbaijan, and experts in the field of media and crisis. Using grounded theory method to analyze the data collected from victims, their media needs were identified that consist of need for information, need for media attention, need for training and need to have a representative. A comprehensive model of national and local radio and TV channels role in disaster management was based upon such media needs. The model was designed according to the views of managers of local radio and TV in Azerbaijan and was ultimately approved by the experts. According to this model, in the event of natural disasters, local and national media play four key roles that are educating and culture-building, informing and making communication, monitoring and demanding as well as winning public participation and creating national solidarity. Using this model, local and national channels are able to interact effectively with one another to manage natural disasters in an integrated way. Keywords: local and national radio and television, natural disasters, Iran, disaster managemen

Cabaran dalam Pelaporan Berita Tsunami: Satu Kajian Terhadap Wartawan Malaysia dan Indonesia

Bencana tsunami ini sememangnya memberikan kesan terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi dan sosial negara. Di antara negara-negara Asia Tenggara, Indonesia dikenal pasti sebagai salah sebuah negara yang sering menghadapi bencana tsunami. Malaysia yang kedudukannya berhampiran dengan Indonesia turut menerima kesan daripada bencana tsunami yang terjadi di negara berkenaan. Kejadian bencana tsunami yang sememangnya serius ini telah mendapat pelaporan yang meluas oleh media tempatan dan antarabangsa. Bencana tsunami yang lazimnya berlaku secara tiba-tiba dan sukar untuk dijangka ini telah menyebabkan pelaporannya berbeza dengan isu-isu lain seperti jenayah, hiburan dan sebagainya. Malah, kajian-kajian lalu turut mendapati bahawa media menghadapi pelbagai cabaran dalam melaporkan berita bencana seperti tsunami yang jelas memerlukan persediaan yang rapi bagi menghasilkan penulisan yang berkualiti dan beretika. Sungguhpun kejadian tsunami adalah serius, kajian-kajian lalu terhadap pelaporan media khususnya dalam aspek cabaran wartawan dalam melaporkan isu ini adalah amat terhad. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan dengan matlamat untuk memenuhi kelompongan kajian lepas dan seterusnya menyumbang kepada korpus penyelidikan bidang Komunikasi Bencana di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Penyelidikan ini memberikan tumpuan terhadap cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi oleh para wartawan kedua-dua negara dalam melaporkan berita tsunami. Temu bual secara mendalam telah dilakukan bersama lapan orang wartawan dari The Star Online, Malaysia dan The Jakarta Post, Indonesia. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa bilangan wartawan pakar isu terhad, pengetahuan terhad wartawan tentang bencana tsunami, kurang persediaan oleh bilik berita, pemotretan visual ketika bencana dan penentuan landskap berita oleh editor adalah cabaran-cabaran utama yang dihadapi oleh wartawan-wartawan di Malaysia dan Indonesia dalam melaporkan isu tsunami

Newspapers and disaster risk reduction in Nigeria: A review

The main purpose of the paper is to discuss the media role in disaster risk reduction.The role of mass media in the society cannot be overstated. It has been identified as a key stakeholder as it informs, educates, mobilizes, and entertains among other roles.As an agent of development, media is identified as a crucial factor in disaster management.The paper examines the role being played by Nigerian newspapers in curbing flood devastation.With the growing frequency and devastation of flood disaster globally and in Nigeria in particular, the need for all stakeholders to collaborate is more urgent. In Nigeria, flood is the commonest disaster and a perennial problem.However, as crucial as finding solutions to this problem is, few researches have been conducted on the role of media in disaster risk reduction.The review reveals that Nigerian media is not proactive but reactive in its involvement.Findings show that media largely get involved during and after disaster occurrences, reporting human misery, tragedy loss of lives and property.Also, it is confirmed that rather than seeing self as a vital stakeholder, media still considers self as observer or passive participant. The study concludes by calling on the media to collaborate more with other stakeholders, disseminate early warning information, educate populace ahead of flood incidents and play other vital roles to complement other stakeholders efforts in reducing disaster risks

Media reports a library disaster: a case study at Colorado State University

The first section of this article surveys the literature regarding the news media's reporting of disasters. The second section describes the media reports of the July 1997 natural disaster's impact upon Morgan Library at Colorado State University. The third section analyzes the reports from Colorado State University's disaster as compared to the research literature, media by media: broadcast, national newspapers and wire services, Colorado (local) newspapers, library press, and specialized publications. The conclusion presents concerns about media reporting and the apparent lack of concern for accuracy; this case study serves as a warning to all librarians and researchers

コミュニティFMの災害報道プロトコルに向けた構成要素の初期検討

災害時の情報伝達に大きな力を発揮すると言われる地域の小さなラジオ放送局“コミュニティFM”であるが、実情はごく少人数での対応、放送確保のための電源の維持、アナウンスのスキルなど、広域／県域の大きな放送局と比べて不利な状況にある。放送局の規模の大小にかかわらず、同じラジオ受信機をインターフェースとする以上、コミュニティFMにおいて人員面での省力化は検討を要することのひとつであり、業務の定型化や自動化において情報技術の活用が不可欠となるであろう。大地震のような現在進行の報道が求められる局面では、送り手のアナウンススキルが求められるが、アナウンスを支援する業務、情報の選択、アナウンス原稿の製作といった部分で、可能な限りの定型化を考え、これを広く活用するための“プロトコル”として活用したい。本稿では、この“プロトコル”を“ユニット化”された災害状況の手続きとしてとらえ、いくつかの事例からユニット化の可能性を考える

Disaster communication management: A study of Nigerian media and disaster managers in flood risk reduction

With increasing frequency and intensity of destruction being caused by flood globally, the need for stakeholders to collaborate is highly urgent. Media men and disaster managers, as key stakeholders in disaster management, have vital roles to play in reducing flood risks. However, as important as this role, there are few empirical studies on disaster communication before flood incidents and relationship of media men and disaster managers. This study, therefore, examines participation and collaborations of media and disaster managers in flood risk reduction. Its other objectives are to identify factors that affect the relationship and ascertain their communication expectations. Framing Theory and Relationship Management Theory were used to achieve the study‟s objectives. Mixed methods, which employed content analysis and in-depth interview was used for data collection. It takes the most devastating flood that occurred in 2012 as its case study. Content analysis of 485 flood related materials published from January 1-December 31, 2012 in two mainstream, English language newspapers (Punch and Trust) was done. Also, indepth interviews were conducted with 16 disaster managers and media men to expose the relationship between media and disaster managers. The interviews data were thematically analysed through NVivo10 while the content analysis was descriptively evaluated. This study finds that there was a low reportage of flood risk before occurrence. Only 90 out of 485 flood related materials were published at the pre-disaster stage. The findings show that media is not actively involved in disaster communication before flood occurrences while disaster managers also need to work efficiently to engender relationship that will guarantee effective communication and collaboration. Theoretically, the study extends the current knowledge on the topic and secondly it provides a better understanding of the concept of disaster communication

An Analysis of Reporting of the 2011 East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami : The Construction of an Idealized Narrative in Western Media

This paper will examine the foreign media representation of Japanese people and their behaviour following the 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear crisis and put it in the context of other media accounts of disasters. To investigate the media representation of the 2011 disaster, a corpus of texts from both Japanese and non-Japanese media sources is assembled. This is then analysed through a combination of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis techniques.It is found that non-Japanese media sources frequently used cultural stereotypes to construct a narrative of idealized Japanese behaviour following the earthquake and tsunami. This paper will discuss how this idealized representation was then contrasted with media representations of other disasters such as Hurricane Katrina and used as a way to both implicitly and explicitly criticize the behaviour of victims of other disasters

Assessing the case of Dengue in Argentina 2009: discrimination and fear

After almost a decade, the re-appearance of Dengue in Argentina caused panic and fears. Unlike Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay where policies of preventions have been followed, the future of dengue is uncertain for Argentina; this paper does not have any political affiliation but emphasizes the role that mass media play in the coverage of epidemics. The question as to whether a newspaper or mass media corporation should maintain a minimum of objectivity is too complex to be resolved in this short article. However, we have so far set forth a model which will help other researchers to interpret topics of this nature in the future. In moments of disorder, uncertainty or disaster, societies experience a shift in the ways they perceive reality. As has been previously developed, uncertainty, gossip and ideological facets are inherent in all cases of social disturbances