Proposal for an Optomechanical Traveling Wave Phonon-Photon Translator

In this article we describe a general optomechanical system for converting photons to phonons in an efficient, and reversible manner. We analyze classically and quantum mechanically the conversion process and proceed to a more concrete description of a phonon-photon translator formed from coupled photonic and phononic crystal planar circuits. Applications of the phonon-photon translator to RF-microwave photonics and circuit QED, including proposals utilizing this system for optical wavelength conversion, long-lived quantum memory and state transfer from optical to superconducting qubits are considered.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figure

Acoustic Bragg Reflectors for Q-Enhancement of Unreleased MEMS Resonators

This work presents the design of acoustic Bragg reflectors (ABRs) for unreleased MEMS resonators through analysis and simulation. Two of the greatest challenges to the successful implementation of MEMS are those of packaging and integration with integrated circuits. Development of unreleased RF MEMS resonators at the transistor level of the CMOS stack will enable direct integration into front-end-of-line (FEOL) processing, making these devices an attractive choice for on-chip signal generation and signal processing. The use of ABRs in unreleased resonators reduces spurious modes while maintaining high quality factors. Analysis on unreleased resonators using ABRs covers design principles, effects of fabrication variation, and comparison to released devices. Additionally, ABR-based unreleased resonators are compared with unreleased resonators enhanced using phononic crystals, showing order of magnitude higher quality factor (Q) for the ABR-based devices.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA Young Faculty Award)Semiconductor Research Corporation (Center for Materials, Structures and Devices (MSD)

Phononic and photonic band gap structures: modelling and applications

AbstractPhotonic crystals (PhCs) are artificial materials with a permittivity which is a periodic function of the position, with a period comparable to the wavelength of light. The most interesting characteristic of such materials is the presence of photonic band gaps (PBGs). PhCs have very interesting properties of light confinement and localization together with the strong reduction of the device size, orders of magnitude less than the conventional photonic devices, allowing a potential very high scale of integration. These structures possess unique characteristics enabling to operate as optical waveguides, high Q resonators, selective filters, lens or superprism. The ability to mould and guide light leads naturally to novel applications in several fields.Band gap formation in periodic structures also pertains to elastic wave propagation. Composite materials with elastic coefficients which are periodic functions of the position are named phononic crystals. They have properties similar to those of photonic crystals and corresponding applications too. By properly choosing the parameters one may obtain phononic crystals (PhnCs) with specific frequency gaps. An elastic wave, whose frequency lies within an absolute gap of a phononic crystal, will be completely reflected by it. This property allows realizing non-absorbing mirrors of elastic waves and vibration-free cavities which might be useful in high-precision mechanical systems operating in a given frequency range. Moreover, one can use elastic waves to study phenomena such as those associated with disorder, in more or less the same manner as with electromagnetic waves.The authors present in this paper an introductory survey of the basic concepts of these new technologies with particular emphasis on their main applications, together with a description of some modelling approaches

Demonstration of Inverse Acoustic Band Gap Structures in AlN and Integration with Piezoelectric Contour Mode Wideband Transducers

This paper presents the first design and demonstration of a novel inverse acoustic band gap (IABG) structure in aluminum nitride (AlN) and its direct integration with contour-mode wideband transducers in the Very High Frequency (VHF) range. This design implements an efficient approach to co-fabricate in-plane AlN electro-acoustic transducers with bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) IABG arrays (10x10). The IABG unit cell consists of a cylindrical high acoustic velocity (V) media, which is held by four thin tethers, surrounded by a low acoustic velocity matrix (air). The center media is formed by 2-μm-thick AlN, which is sandwiched by 200-nm-thick top and bottom platinum (Pt) layers. The experimental results indicate that the designed IABG has a stop band from 185 MHz to 240 MHz and is centered at 218 MHz in the Γ-Χ direction. This demonstration not only confirms the existence of the frequency band gap in the IABG structure, but also opens possibilities for the integration of ABG structures with RF MEMS devices

Micro-Resonators: The Quest for Superior Performance

Microelectromechanical resonators are no longer solely a subject of research in university and government labs; they have found a variety of applications at industrial scale, where their market is predicted to grow steadily. Nevertheless, many barriers to enhance their performance and further spread their application remain to be overcome. In this Special Issue, we will focus our attention to some of the persistent challenges of micro-/nano-resonators such as nonlinearity, temperature stability, acceleration sensitivity, limits of quality factor, and failure modes that require a more in-depth understanding of the physics of vibration at small scale. The goal is to seek innovative solutions that take advantage of unique material properties and original designs to push the performance of micro-resonators beyond what is conventionally achievable. Contributions from academia discussing less-known characteristics of micro-resonators and from industry depicting the challenges of large-scale implementation of resonators are encouraged with the hopes of further stimulating the growth of this field, which is rich with fascinating physics and challenging problems

Análise dinâmica de cristais fonônicos e metamateriais elásticos utilizando abordagens semi-analíticas e numéricas

Orientador: José Maria Campos dos SantosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecânicaResumo: Nesta tese, os métodos de expansão em ondas planas (PWE), expansão em ondas planas melhorado (IPWE) e expansão em ondas planas estendido (EPWE) são utilizados para obter a estrutura de banda de cristais fonônicos (PnCs) e de metamateriais elásticos (EMs) uni- (1D) e bi-dimensionais (2D), isto é, estruturas arti?ciais projetadas para criarem bandas proibidas de Bragg e/ou localmente ressonantes. Estas estruturas periódicas estão sendo aplicadas em vários ramos da ciência e possuem diversas aplicações ¿ controle passivo/ativo de vibração, ?ltros/barreiras acústicas, metamateriais para captação de energia, guias de onda, dentre outras. A principal aplicação considerada nesta tese é o controle passivo de vibração. Primeiro, as formulações do PWE, IPWE e EPWE são apresentadas para alguns casos e vantagens e limitações são discutidas. Os casos considerados são PnCs 1D de barra, cristais sônicos 2D e EMs 1D de viga de Euler-Bernoulli. Posteriormente, alguns exemplos de propagação de ondas mecânicas nestas estruturas periódicas são abordados através da análise da estrutura de banda. Em seguida, algumas aplicações dos PnCs e EMs para controle passivo de vibração são discutidas em artigos anexados. Inicialmente, a estrutura de banda e a resposta forçada harmônica de um PnC simples de viga de Euler-Bernoulli são calculadas. Vários métodos são aplicados e os resultados simulados podem localizar a posição e a largura das bandas proibidas de Bragg próximas dos resultados experimentais. Posteriormente, é considerada a formação de bandas proibidas de ondas de ?exão em um PnC de placa com diferentes inclusões em redes quadrada e triangular, considerando-se a teoria de Mindlin-Reissner. O melhor desempenho é encontrado para a inclusão com seção transversal circular em uma rede triangular. Em seguida, a estrutura de banda de ondas elásticas se propagando em PnCs com nanoestruturas de carbono e em nanocristais fonônicos piezoelétricos com diferentes tipos de rede e inclusão são calculadas. Bandas proibidas totais entre os modos XY e Z são observadas para todos os tipos de inclusão. A piezoeletricidade in?uencia signi?cativamente as bandas proibidas para inclusão circular vazada em frequências mais baixas. Posteriormente, um PnC magnético-elétrico-elástico 2D é considerado. Diferentes tipos de rede e de inclusão também são considerados. A piezoeletricidade e o piezomagnetismo in?uenciam signi?cativamente as bandas proibidas. Finalmente, são considerados EMs 1D de viga de Euler-Bernoulli e 2D de placa ?na. A in?uência de ressonadores de um grau de liberdade e de múltiplos graus de liberdade periodicamente conectados nas células unitárias do EM de viga de Euler-Bernoulli e EM 2D de placa ?na são investigadas. Diferentes con?gurações da distribuição dos ressonadores são consideradas para investigar os mecanismos de formação das bandas proibidas, isto é, ressonância local e espalhamento de BraggAbstract: In this thesis, plane wave expansion (PWE), improved plane wave expansion (IPWE) and extended plane wave expansion (EPWE) methods are used in order to obtain the band structure of one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystals (PnCs) and elastic metamaterials (EMs), i.e., arti?cial structures designed to open up Bragg-type and/or locally resonant band gaps. Such periodic structures are being applied in many branches of science, and have many applications ¿ passive/active vibration control, acoustic barriers/?lters, metamaterials-based enhanced energy harvesting, waveguides, among others. The main application considered in this thesis is passive vibration control. First, PWE, IPWE and EPWE formulations are presented for some cases and advantages and drawbacks are discussed. The cases regarded are 1D PnC rods, 2D sonic crystals and 1D EM Euler-Bernoulli beams. Afterwards, some examples of mechanical wave propagation in these periodic structures are addressed by means of band structure analysis. Next, some applications of PnCs and EMs for passive vibration control are discussed in attached papers. Initially, the band structure and harmonic forced response of a simple 1D PnC Euler-Bernoulli beam are carried out. Several approaches are applied and the simulated results can localize the Bragg-type band gap position and width close to the experimental results. Next, it is considered the formation of ?exural wave band gaps in a PnC plate with different inclusions in square and triangular lattices, considering Mindlin-Reissner theory. The best performance is found for circular cross section inclusion in a triangular lattice. Afterwards, the band structure of elastic waves propagating in carbon nanostructure PnCs and nano-piezoelectric PnCs with different types of lattice and inclusion are calculated. Full band gaps between XY and Z modes are observed for all types of inclusions. Piezoelectricity in?uences signi?cantly the band gaps for hollow circular inclusion in lower frequencies. After that, a magnetoelectroelastic 2D PnC is considered. Different types of lattice and inclusion are also addressed. Piezoelectricity and piezomagnetism in?uence signi?cantly the band gaps. Finally, elastic wave propagating in 1D EM Euler-Bernoulli beams and in 2D EM thin plates is regarded. The in?uence of single degree of freedom and multiple degrees of freedom resonators periodically attached in unit cells of the EM Euler-Bernoulli beam and 2D EM thin plate are investigated. Different con?gurations of resonator distribution are carried out in order to investigate the band gap formation mechanisms, i.e., local resonance and Bragg scatteringDoutoradoMecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto MecanicoDoutor em Engenharia Mecânic

Etude et développement de matériaux micro/nano structurés pour l’ingénierie des bandes interdites dans les dispositifs électro-acoustiques à ondes de surface

This work concerns the study of micro/nano structured materials for the engineering of band structures in the field of elastic waves. We were interested in particular to the integration of these materials in electro-acoustic devices and the study of the interaction with the surface acoustic waves.The approach is to carry out the simulation using the finite element method to calculate the band structures and the transmission spectra. We studied the effect of geometrical and elastic parameters of micro-pillars on acoustic branches representing surface modes. Then we discussed the effect of the symmetry of the arrangement on the polarization of the surface modes. We also investigated the effect of the symmetry on the sensitivity of surface modes with the variation of temperature.Experimentally, we have developed interdigital transducers on a piezoelectric substrate of LiNbO3. We have fabricated various phononic crystals composed of nickel micro-pillars, obtained by electrodeposition. The transmission spectra were measured by a network analyzer and compared with the theoretical results.Besides the phononic crystals based on nickel pillars, some other periodic micro/nano structures were also involved in this work, such as two dimensional materials based on self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles and nickel nanowires electroplated through nano-porous alumina membranes.Ce travail porte sur l’étude de matériaux micro/nano structurés permettant l’ingénierie des structures de bande dans le domaine des ondes élastiques. Nous nous sommes intéressés en particulier à l’intégration de ces matériaux dans les dispositifs électro-acoustiques et l’étude de l’interaction avec les ondes acoustiques de surface.La démarche consiste à mener des simulations par la méthode des éléments finis, pour calculer les structures de bande et les spectres de transmission. Nous avons étudié l’effet des paramètres géométriques et élastiques des micro-plots sur les branches acoustiques représentant les modes de surface. Nous avons ensuite discuté l’effet de la symétrie de l’arrangement sur la polarisation des modes de surface. Nous avons également étudié l’effet de la symétrie sur la sensibilité des modes de surface à une variation de température.Sur le plan expérimental, Nous avons élaboré des transducteurs inter-digités sur un substrat piézoélectrique de LiNbO3. Nous avons intégré divers cristaux phononiques composés de micro-plots de Ni, obtenues par électrodéposition. Les spectres de transmission ont été mesurés à l’aide d’un analyseur de réseau et comparés aux résultats theoriques.En dehors des cristaux phononiques basés sur des plots du nickel, d’autres structures ont également été présentées dans ce travail, incluant des matériaux bidimensionnels à base de nanoparticules magnétiques auto-assemblées et des nanofils du nickel électrodéposés à travers des membranes nano-poreuses d’alumine

Emerging topics in nanophononics and elastic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials: an overview

This broad review summarizes recent advances and “hot” research topics in nanophononics and elastic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials based on results presented by the authors at the EUROMECH 610 Colloquium held on April 25–27, 2022 in Benicássim, Spain. The key goal of the colloquium was to highlight important developments in these areas, particularly new results that emerged during the last two years. This work thus presents a “snapshot” of the state-of-the-art of different nanophononics- and metamaterial-related topics rather than a historical view on these subjects, in contrast to a conventional review article. The introduction of basic definitions for each topic is followed by an outline of design strategies for the media under consideration, recently developed analysis and implementation techniques, and discussions of current challenges and promising applications. This review, while not comprehensive, will be helpful especially for early-career researchers, among others, as it offers a broad view of the current state-of-the-art and highlights some unique and flourishing research in the mentioned fields, providing insight into multiple exciting research directions