Environmental audit of industrial waste

In this industrialization era, an environmental audit is become more complex which is a very strict action are needed in minimize a wastage. Employing an environmental management system is a significant undertaking but an extremely worthwhile one for any organisation. Certification has developed a step by step guide to aid companies in implementing the standard during their journey to ISO 14001 certification. This report discussed on manageable and unmanageable wastage in different companies. These activities give an impact also consequences to environment and lead to poor organization management

Meta-heuristic algorithms in car engine design: a literature survey

Meta-heuristic algorithms are often inspired by natural phenomena, including the evolution of species in Darwinian natural selection theory, ant behaviors in biology, flock behaviors of some birds, and annealing in metallurgy. Due to their great potential in solving difficult optimization problems, meta-heuristic algorithms have found their way into automobile engine design. There are different optimization problems arising in different areas of car engine management including calibration, control system, fault diagnosis, and modeling. In this paper we review the state-of-the-art applications of different meta-heuristic algorithms in engine management systems. The review covers a wide range of research, including the application of meta-heuristic algorithms in engine calibration, optimizing engine control systems, engine fault diagnosis, and optimizing different parts of engines and modeling. The meta-heuristic algorithms reviewed in this paper include evolutionary algorithms, evolution strategy, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, differential evolution, estimation of distribution algorithm, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, memetic algorithms, and artificial immune system

The concrete structure remedial assessements in marine environment from whole life asset management perspectives

This study makes use of a desk top review methodology to discover and understand the remedial assessment of damage concrete structures in the marine environment (sea water). Basically, the restorations of asset marine facility are done by using a correct and present repair technique to both spall concrete as well as corrode rebar and must follow the code and standards throughout construction periods. Specifically, the study undertook a comprehensive insight into the literature review of three (3) major components of research, consisting of reinforced concrete of marine structure, understanding marine environment and management of rehabilitation marine facility. The research chooses a case study of an oil refinery jetty piles terminal at Marsden Point in New Zealand. The asset facility is poorly deteriorating due to aggressive action of marine environment and need attention. The asset owners are aim to establish potential maintenance strategies in restoration of his asset facilities. The damaged marine structure will be looked at from whole life asset management perspectives; to identify various components of concrete structures that were subjected to steel corrosion and concrete deterioration. Application of whole life asset management paradigm in the case study will have significant impacts to the facilities and the owner as well. The benefits with regard to implementation of whole life asset management approaches in managing the asset marine facility correlate with risk management, accountability, service facility management and financial efficiency. The refurbishment work will make use of current repair method in assessing the restoration of damage concrete piles. This should take account of a risk management study prior selection of best procurement routes for the case studies. The case study is critically reviewed for options that suit the asset facility present condition and set up objectives to get the best approach adopted with regards to asset problem. The findings demonstrate that the adoption of the whole life asset management paradigm will promote the asset owner, to obtain best value for money concept from the investment and to gain benefits in terms of time, cost, quality and fit for purpose. It also help in promoting and prolong the asset lifespan and also to provide constant sustainable and economic service of asset facilities

A general framework for crankshaft balancing and counterweight design

In the automotive field, the requirements in terms of carbon emissions and improved efficiency are shifting the focus of designers towards reduced engine size. As a result, the dynamic balancing of an engine with strict limitations on the number of cylinders, the weight and the available space becomes a challenging task. The present contribution aims at providing the designer with a tool capable of selecting fundamental parameters needed to correctly balance an internal combustion engine, including the masses and geometry of the elements to be added directly onto the crankshaft and onto the balancing shafts. The relevant elements that distinguish the tool from others already proposed are two. The first is the comprehensive matrix formulation which makes the tool fit for a wide variety of engine configurations. The second is an optimisation procedure that selects not only the position of the mass and centre of gravity of the counterweight but also its complete geometric configuration, thus instantaneously identifying the overall dimensions and weight of the crankshaft

A fuzzy method for propagating functional architecture constraints to physical architecture.

International audienceModular product design has received great attention for about 10 years, but few works have proposed tools to either jointly design the functional and physical architectures or propagate the impact of evolutions from one domain to another. In this paper, we present a new method supporting the product architecture design. In new product development situations or in reengineering projects, system architects could use this method in the early design stages to predetermine cohesive modules and integrative elements and to simulate a domain architecture by propagating architecture choices from another domain. To illustrate our approach, we present an industrial case study concerning the design of a new automobile powertrain

Integration of design tools and knowledge capture into a CAD system: a case study

onceptual design phase is partially supported by product lifecycle management/computer-aided design (PLM/CAD) systems causing discontinuity of the design information flow: customer needs — functional requirements — key characteristics — design parameters (DPs) — geometric DPs. Aiming to address this issue, it is proposed a knowledge-based approach is proposed to integrate quality function deployment, failure mode and effects analysis, and axiomatic design into a commercial PLM/CAD system. A case study, main subject of this article, was carried out to validate the proposed process, to evaluate, by a pilot development, how the commercial PLM/CAD modules and application programming interface could support the information flow, and based on the pilot scheme results to propose a full development framework

Study on Resource Configuration on Cloud Manufacturing

The purpose of manufacturing is to realize the requirement of customer. In manufacturing process of cloud system, there exist a lot of resource services which have similar functional characteristics to realize the requirement. It makes the manufacturing process more diverse. To develop the quality and reduce cost, a resource configuration model on cloud-manufacturing platform is put forward in this paper. According to the generalized six-point location principle, a growth design from the requirement of customers to entities with geometric constraints is proposed. By the requirement growing up to product, a configuration process is used to match the entities with the instances which the resources in the database could supply. Different from most existing studies, this paper studies the tolerance design with multiple candidate resource suppliers on cloud manufacturing to make the market play a two-level game considering the benefit of customers and the profit of resources to give an optimal result. A numerical case study is used to illustrate the proposed model and configuration process. The performance and advantage of the proposed method are discussed at the end

Engineering Data Management

To support design decisions in the product development process, companies are increasinglyrelying on computer aided simulations. However, investments in simulation technologies can nottranslate directly into benefit without implementing a system able to capture knowledge and valueout of each simulation performed. To implement the switch from traditional product development to Simulation Based Design (SBD)and product development, a system that can efficiently manage simulation data is needed. Commonsituation in industry is to store everything related to simulations in the analyst’s computer or in ashared folder. Currently only CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) departments in aerospace andautomotive OEMs are early adopters of SDM (Simulation Data Management) technology.Commercial SDM systems are developed to suits the needs of big enterprises with repetitiveprocesses and product with broadly similar geometries. The cost for deployment and maintenanceof this kind of system represents a barrier for small and mid-size companies. The larger companiesmight not benefit from a system developed and tuned for the needs of the early adopters mentionedabove. In this thesis a SDM system has been developed based on Microsoft SharePoint, a general purposedocument management and collaboration platform widely used and deployed in enterprises. Themain reason for selecting this platform is because product development is a collaborative task, andSharePoint has excellent features to support this kind of collaboration. This thesis defines a set ofconfigurations for the selected platform needed in order to help analysts to store, share and reusetheir simulation models and knowledge. To understand the requirements of SDM a multidisciplinary design process has been implemented.The design process has been developed for diesel engine conceptual design. This processrepresents a proof of concept of how SBD can be implemented concretely. The design processcontains calculation of main parameters (executed with MS Excel), CAD-geometry creation (PTCPro|Engineer), Multi-Body Simulations to get dynamic loads (MSC Adams) and Finite ElementAnalysis (DS Abaqus) for strength and vibration analysis. The results are looped back into thecalculations spreadsheet with information regarding the behavior of the key engine parts. Anoptimization algorithm is used to drive and control the loop execution in order to find an “optimal” setof design parameters.Yhtiöt käyttävät yhä enemmän tietokoneavusteista simulaatiota voidakseen paremmin tukeapäätöksentekoa tuotekehitysprosesseissa. Kuitenkin investointeja simulaatioteknologiaan ei voidasuoraan hyödyntää ilman toteutettua järjestelmää, joka pystyy keräämään tietoa jokaisestasuoritetusta simulaatiosta. Siirtymisessä perinteisestä tuotekehityksestä simulaatiopohjaiseen suunnitteluun (Simulation BasedDesign, SBD), tuotekehitys tarvitsee järjestelmän, joka pystyy tehokkaasti hallinnoimaansimulaatiotietoa. Nykyinen käytäntö teollisuudessa on tallentaa kaikki simulaation liittyvä tietoanalyytikon omalle koneelle tai jaettuun kansioon. Suurien lento- ja autoteollisuuden toimijoidensuunnitteluosastot ovat edelläkävijöitä simulaatiotiedon hallintajärjestelmän (Simulation DataManagement, SDM) käytössä. Kaupalliset SDM-järjestelmät on kehitetty vastaamaan isojenyhtiöiden toistuvia prosesseja ja tuotteita samankaltaisine geometrioineen. Tämäntyyppistenjärjestelmien käyttöönoton ja ylläpidon kustannukset ovat rajoitteena pienille ja keskisuurilleyrityksille. Isotkaan yhtiöt eivät välttämättä hyödy järjestelmästä, joka on kehitetty ja räätälöitytäyttämään yllä mainittujen aikaisten käyttöönottajien tarpeita. Tässä diplomityössä on kehitetty SDM-järjestelmä pohjautuen Microsoft SharePoint:iin, laajaltiyhtiöissä käytettyyn yleiseen tiedostonhallinta- ja yhteistoiminta-alustaan. Pääasiallinen syy tämänalustan valintaan on se, että tuotekehitys on yhteistoimintaa ja SharePointissa on ominaisuuksia,jotka tukevat erinomaisesti tätä. Tämä diplomityö määrittelee joukon määreitä tähän alustaanauttaakseen analyytikkoa tallentamaan, jälleenkäyttämään ja jakamaan simulaatiomalleja ja-tietämystä. SDM-järjestelmän vaatimuksien tutkimiseksi toteutettiin monitieteellinen suunnitteluprosessi.Suunnitteluprosessi on kehitetty dieselmoottorin konseptuaaliseen suunnitteluun. Tämä prosessiedustaa, miten SDB voidaan konkreettisesti toteuttaa. Suunnitteluprosessi sisältää päämuuttujienlaskennan (toteutettu MS Excelissä), CAD (Computer Aided Design)-geometrian luomisen (PTCPro|Engineer), monikappalesimuloinnin dynaamisten kuormien laskemiseksi (MSC Adams) jalujuus- ja värähtelyanalyysit (DS Abaqus). Lujuus- ja värähtelyanalyysin tulokset liittyen moottorinpääosien käyttäytymiseen on takaisinkytketty laskentaan. Optimointialgoritmia on käytettyjohtamaan ja kontrolloimaan suunnitteluprosessia löytääkseen ”optimaaliset” arvotsuunnittelumuuttujille