Development of wearable human fall detection system using multilayer perceptron neural network

This paper presents an accurate wearable fall detection system which can identify the occurrence of falls among elderly population. A waist worn tri-axial accelerometer was used to capture the movement signals of human body. A set of laboratory-based falls and activities of daily living (ADL) were performed by volunteers with different physical characteristics. The collected acceleration patterns were classified precisely to fall and ADL using multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. This work was resulted to a high accuracy wearable fall-detection system with the accuracy of 91.6%

Detecting Irregular Patterns in IoT Streaming Data for Fall Detection

Detecting patterns in real time streaming data has been an interesting and challenging data analytics problem. With the proliferation of a variety of sensor devices, real-time analytics of data from the Internet of Things (IoT) to learn regular and irregular patterns has become an important machine learning problem to enable predictive analytics for automated notification and decision support. In this work, we address the problem of learning an irregular human activity pattern, fall, from streaming IoT data from wearable sensors. We present a deep neural network model for detecting fall based on accelerometer data giving 98.75 percent accuracy using an online physical activity monitoring dataset called "MobiAct", which was published by Vavoulas et al. The initial model was developed using IBM Watson studio and then later transferred and deployed on IBM Cloud with the streaming analytics service supported by IBM Streams for monitoring real-time IoT data. We also present the systems architecture of the real-time fall detection framework that we intend to use with mbientlabs wearable health monitoring sensors for real time patient monitoring at retirement homes or rehabilitation clinics.Comment: 7 page

A Review of Physical Human Activity Recognition Chain Using Sensors

In the era of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), healthcare monitoring has gained a vital role nowadays. Moreover, improving lifestyle, encouraging healthy behaviours, and decreasing the chronic diseases are urgently required. However, tracking and monitoring critical cases/conditions of elderly and patients is a great challenge. Healthcare services for those people are crucial in order to achieve high safety consideration. Physical human activity recognition using wearable devices is used to monitor and recognize human activities for elderly and patient. The main aim of this review study is to highlight the human activity recognition chain, which includes, sensing technologies, preprocessing and segmentation, feature extractions methods, and classification techniques. Challenges and future trends are also highlighted.

Leveraging Smartphone Sensor Data for Human Activity Recognition

Using smartphones for human activity recognition (HAR) has a wide range of applications including healthcare, daily fitness recording, and anomalous situations alerting. This study focuses on human activity recognition based on smartphone embedded sensors. The proposed human activity recognition system recognizes activities including walking, running, sitting, going upstairs, and going downstairs. Embedded sensors (a tri-axial accelerometer and a gyroscope sensor) are employed for motion data collection. Both time-domain and frequency-domain features are extracted and analyzed. Our experiment results show that time-domain features are good enough to recognize basic human activities. The system is implemented in an Android smartphone platform. While the focus has been on human activity recognition systems based on a supervised learning approach, an incremental clustering algorithm is investigated. The proposed unsupervised (clustering) activity detection scheme works in an incremental manner, which contains two stages. In the first stage, streamed sensor data will be processed. A single-pass clustering algorithm is used to generate pre-clustered results for the next stage. In the second stage, pre-clustered results will be refined to form the final clusters, which means the clusters are built incrementally by adding one cluster at a time. Experiments on smartphone sensor data of five basic human activities show that the proposed scheme can get comparable results with traditional clustering algorithms but working in a streaming and incremental manner. In order to develop more accurate activity recognition systems independent of smartphone models, effects of sensor differences across various smartphone models are investigated. We present the impairments of different smartphone embedded sensor models on HAR applications. Outlier removal, interpolation, and filtering in pre-processing stage are proposed as mitigating techniques. Based on datasets collected from four distinct smartphones, the proposed mitigating techniques show positive effects on 10-fold cross validation, device-to-device validation, and leave-one-out validation. Improved performance for smartphone based human activity recognition is observed. With the efforts of developing human activity recognition systems based on supervised learning approach, investigating a clustering based incremental activity recognition system with its potential applications, and applying techniques for alleviating sensor difference effects, a robust human activity recognition system can be trained in either supervised or unsupervised way and can be adapted to multiple devices with being less dependent on different sensor specifications

Exploring Artificial Neural Networks Efficiency in Tiny Wearable Devices for Human Activity Recognition

The increasing diffusion of tiny wearable devices and, at the same time, the advent of machine learning techniques that can perform sophisticated inference, represent a valuable opportunity for the development of pervasive computing applications. Moreover, pushing inference on edge devices can in principle improve application responsiveness, reduce energy consumption and mitigate privacy and security issues. However, devices with small size and low-power consumption and factor form, like those dedicated to wearable platforms, pose strict computational, memory, and energy requirements which result in challenging issues to be addressed by designers. The main purpose of this study is to empirically explore this trade-off through the characterization of memory usage, energy consumption, and execution time needed by different types of neural networks (namely multilayer and convolutional neural networks) trained for human activity recognition on board of a typical low-power wearable device. Through extensive experimental results, obtained on a public human activity recognition dataset, we derive Pareto curves that demonstrate the possibility of achieving a 4× reduction in memory usage and a 36× reduction in energy consumption, at fixed accuracy levels, for a multilayer Perceptron network with respect to more sophisticated convolution network model

Methods of human activity classification in buildings

The number of smart homes is rapidly increasing. Smart homes typically feature functions such as voice-activated functions, automation, monitoring, and tracking events. Besides comfort and convenience, the integration of smart home functionality with data processing methods can provide valuable information about the well-being of the smart home residence. This study is aimed at taking the data analysis within smart homes beyond occupancy monitoring and detection of falling events of people. Two different approaches are proposed to integrate human activity recognition within smart homes. The first approach utilizes KNX standard-based devices to obtain room air quality data (humidity, CO2, temperature) and combine the obtained data with two wearable devices that provide movement-related data. The second approach simplifies, improves, and addresses a few of the shortcomings of the first approach, it utilizes different measuring devices with higher sampling rates. It examines multiple statistical methods and ultimately chooses a simpler multi-layer perceptron neural network model. Resulting in a less computationally intensive solution with higher accuracy levels. The study achieved cross-validation accuracy levels above 98 %.Chytrých domácností rychle přibývá. Inteligentní domy obvykle obsahují funkce, jako jsou hlasově aktivované funkce, automatizace, monitorování a sledování událostí. Kromě komfortu a pohodlí může integrace funkcí chytré domácnosti s metodami zpracování dat poskytnout cenné informace o pohodě rezidence chytré domácnosti. Tato studie je zaměřena na analýzu dat v inteligentních domácnostech nad rámec monitorování obsazenosti a detekce pádu osob. Jsou navrženy dva různé přístupy k integraci rozpoznávání lidské činnosti do inteligentních domácností. První přístup využívá zařízení založená na standardu KNX k získávání dat o kvalitě vzduchu v místnosti (vlhkost, CO2, teplota) a kombinování získaných dat se dvěma nositelnými zařízeními, které poskytují údaje související s pohybem. Druhý přístup zjednodušuje, zlepšuje a řeší několik nedostatků prvního přístupu, využívá různá měřicí zařízení s vyšší vzorkovací frekvencí. Zkoumá více statistických metod a nakonec volí jednodušší vícevrstvý model perceptronové neuronové sítě. Výsledkem je méně výpočetně náročné řešení s vyšší úrovní přesnosti. Studie dosáhla úrovně přesnosti křížové validace nad 98 %.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívyhově

The Real-Time Classification of Competency Swimming Activity Through Machine Learning

Every year, an average of 3,536 people die from drowning in America. The significant factors that cause unintentional drowning are people’s lack of water safety awareness and swimming proficiency. Current industry and research trends regarding swimming activity recognition and commercial motion sensors focus more on lap swimming utilized by expert swimmers and do not account for freeform activities. Enhancing swimming education through wearable technology can aid people in learning efficient and effective swimming techniques and water safety. We developed a novel wearable system capable of storing and processing sensor data to categorize competitive and survival swimming activities on a mobile device in real-time. This paper discusses the sensor placement, the hardware and app design, and the research process utilized to achieve activity recognition. For our studies, the data we have gathered comes from various swimming skill levels, from beginner to elite swimmers. Our wearable system uses angle-based novel features as inputs into optimal machine learning algorithms to classify flip turns, traditional competitive strokes, and survival swimming strokes. The machine-learning algorithm was able to classify all activities at .935 of an F-measure. Finally, we examined deep learning and created a CNN model to classify competitive and survival swimming strokes at 95% ac- curacy in real-time on a mobile device

Improvisation of classification performance based on feature optimization for differentiation of Parkinson’s disease from other neurological diseases using gait characteristics

Most neurological disorders that include Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as other neurological diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD) have some common abnormalities regarding the movement, vocal, and cognitive behaviors of sufferers. Variations in the manifestation of these types of abnormality help distinguish one disorder from another. In this study, differentiation was performed based on the gait characteristics of patients afflicted by different neurological disorders. In the recent past, many researchers have applied different machine learning and feature selection techniques to the classification of different groups of patients based on common abnormalities. However, in an era of modernization where the focus is on timely low-cost automatization and pattern recognition, such techniques require improvisation to provide high performance. We attempted to improve the performance of such techniques using different feature optimization methods, such as a genetic algorithm (GA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and applying different classification approaches, i.e., linear, nonlinear, and probabilistic classifiers. In this study, gait dynamics data of patients suffering with PD, ALS, and HD were collated from a public database, and a binary classification approach was used by taking PD as one group and adopting ALS+HD as another group. Performance comparison was achieved using different classification techniques that incorporated optimized feature sets obtained from GA and PCA. In comparison with other classifiers using different feature sets, the highest accuracy (97.87%) was obtained using random forest combined with GA-based feature sets. The results provide evidence that could assist medical practitioners in differentiating PD from other neurological diseases using gait characteristics