20 research outputs found
Technological solutions for older people with Alzheimerâs disease : Review
Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge networking support from COST Action CA16226: Indoor living space improvement: Smart Habitat for the Elderly. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technol-ogy) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. www.cost.eu. Furthermore, authors acknowledge the internal research project Excellence 2018, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Authors acknowledge the funding provided by FCT through the scholarship SFRH/BPD/115112/2016 (Joana Madureira) as well as to Solange Costa and JoĂŁo Paulo Teixeira, both from EPIUnit â Instituto de SaĂșde PĂșblica da Universidade do Porto and National Institute of Heath, Environmental Health Department. Authors also acknowledge the funding from the University of Sts. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers.In the nineties, numerous studies began to highlight the problem of the increasing number of people with Alzheimerâs disease in developed countries, especially in the context of demographic progress. At the same time, the 21st century is typical of the development of advanced technologies that penetrate all areas of human life. Digital devices, sensors, and intelligent applications are tools that can help seniors and allow better communication and control of their caregivers. The aim of the paper is to provide an up-to-date summary of the use of technological solutions for improving health and safety for people with Alzheimerâs disease. Firstly, the problems and needs of senior citizens with Alzheimerâs disease (AD) and their caregivers are specified. Secondly, a scoping review is performed regarding the technological solutions suggested to assist this specific group of patients. Works obtained from the following libraries are used in this scoping review: Web of Science, PubMed, Springer, ACM and IEEE Xplore. Four independent reviewers screened the identified records and selected relevant articles which were published in the period from 2007 to 2018. A total of 6,705 publications were selected. In all, 128 full papers were screened. Results obtained from the relevant studies were furthermore divided into the following categories according to the type and use of technologies: devices, processing, and activity recognition. The leading technological solution in the category of devices are wearables and ambient non-invasive sensors. The introduction and utilization of these technologies, however, bring about challenges in acceptability, durability, ease of use, communication, and power requirements. Furthermore, it needs to be pointed out that these technological solutions should be based on open standards.publishersversionPeer reviewe
SystĂšme dâassistance lors dâerrance nocturne chez les personnes ĂągĂ©es atteintes dâAlzheimer
GrĂące Ă lâinformatique ubiquitaire, il devient possible dâavoir des environnements de plus en plus intelligents offrant de lâassistance ambiante aux activitĂ©s de la vie quotidienne. Dans ce mĂ©moire, un systĂšme dâassistance est prĂ©sentĂ© offrant une assistance ambiante personnalisĂ©e aux personnes ĂągĂ©es avec dĂ©mence d'Alzheimer souffrant dâerrance nocturne. LâhypothĂšse de dĂ©part est que la nuit, les personnes Alzheimer font de lâerrance pour satisfaire des besoins prĂ©cis mĂȘme si elles sont incapables de les exprimer. Notre sujet sâintĂ©resse Ă trois types de besoins dans le contexte dâerrance nocturne : avoir faim, avoir envie dâaller aux toilettes et avoir besoin dâĂȘtre rassurĂ©. Un systĂšme dâassistance ambiante a Ă©tĂ© conçu et implĂ©mentĂ© pour chacun. Ce systĂšme utilise un rĂ©seau de capteurs et dâeffecteurs hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes. Dans un premier temps, des donnĂ©es sur les routines de la personne atteinte dâAlzheimer sont collectĂ©es par des questionnaires et des capteurs. Ces donnĂ©es sont ensuite validĂ©es pour Ă©tablir les scĂ©narios dâassistance et dĂ©tecter les Ă©pisodes dâerrance. Dans un second temps, grĂące au profil recueilli avec la participation du proche aidant, des rĂšgles sont conçues pour dĂ©cider de lâassistance Ă fournir pour accompagner la personne Ă travers la satisfaction de son besoin, puis lâinciter Ă retourner se coucher sans toutefois la contraindre. De plus, une application tablette est mise en place pour offrir du contrĂŽle sur lâactivation de lâassistance. Cette application est confiĂ©e au proche-aidant afin quâil puisse dĂ©cider sâil prĂ©fĂšre offrir sa propre assistance ou celle automatisĂ©e. Le systĂšme dâassistance ambiante dĂ©veloppĂ© recueille donc des donnĂ©es dans le domicile et offre de lâaccompagnement Ă la personne tout en offrant plus de confort Ă son proche-aidant. Une expĂ©rimentation dans un domicile auprĂšs dâun binĂŽme composĂ© dâune mĂšre atteinte de dĂ©mence et de sa fille a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de cinq semaines. MĂȘme si aucun Ă©pisode dâerrance nâa Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© pendant cette expĂ©rimentation, les donnĂ©es recueillies par les diffĂ©rentes sources ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©es Ă celles du systĂšme pour en Ă©tablir la validitĂ©. Une reconstruction des Ă©vĂ©nements a Ă©tĂ© possible avec les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es. Celle-ci permet dâobserver les activitĂ©s de la personne atteinte dâAlzheimer dans son quotidien. Cette approche pour obtenir le suivi des activitĂ©s est applicable aux activitĂ©s nocturnes permettant ainsi le suivi pendant lâerrance sâil yâa lieu
Intelligent sensing technologies for the diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of alzheimerâs disease:A systematic review
Alzheimerâs disease is a lifelong progressive neurological disorder. It is associated with high disease management and caregiver costs. Intelligent sensing systems have the capability to provide context-aware adaptive feedback. These can assist Alzheimerâs patients with, continuous monitoring, functional support and timely therapeutic interventions for whom these are of paramount importance. This review aims to present a summary of such systems reported in the extant literature for the management of Alzheimerâs disease. Four databases were searched, and 253 English language articles were identified published between the years 2015 to 2020. Through a series of filtering mechanisms, 20 articles were found suitable to be included in this review. This study gives an overview of the depth and breadth of the efficacy as well as the limitations of these intelligent systems proposed for Alzheimerâs. Results indicate two broad categories of intelligent technologies, distributed systems and self-contained devices. Distributed systems base their outcomes mostly on long-term monitoring activity patterns of individuals whereas handheld devices give quick assessments through touch, vision and voice. The review concludes by discussing the potential of these intelligent technologies for clinical practice while highlighting future considerations for improvements in the design of these solutions for Alzheimerâs disease
ModĂ©lisation et mise en place dâune assistance cognitive personnalisĂ©e pour la qualitĂ© du sommeil et la dĂ©ambulation nocturne
Les troubles du sommeil des personnes ùgées atteintes de maladie neurodégénérative
entraine des comportements dâerrance nocturne qui diminuent leur qualitĂ© de vie et
peuvent avoir des conséquences sur leur sécurité et sur les autres personnes vivant dans
les résidences de type EHPAD. Ce projet réalisé en collaboration entre le laboratoire
DOMUS et le CENTICH, Angers, France, a pour but dâexplorer des solutions
technologiques pour accompagner les personnes atteintes dâerrance nocturne. Les
solutions sâharmonisent avec les objets connectĂ©s dĂ©jĂ installĂ©s Ă la rĂ©sidence Les
Noisetiers dâAngers. Construits Ă partir des donnĂ©es recueillies dans la rĂ©sidence, deux
ensembles de scĂ©narios sont proposĂ©s, lâun pour assister lâerrance nocturne Ă lâintĂ©rieur
des chambres des rĂ©sidents, lâautre lorsque les rĂ©sidents sortent de leur chambre la nuit.
Ces scénarios sont implantés sur un intergiciel (middleware) et respectent le protocole
de communication KNX qui est utilisé en France
Review of Methods for Data Collection Experiments with People with Dementia and the Impact of COVID-19
The development of a wearable-based system for detecting difficulties in the daily lives of people with dementia would be highly useful in the day-to-day management of the disease. To develop such a system, it would be necessary to identify physiological indicators of the difficulties, which can be identified by analyzing physiological datasets from people with dementia. However, there is no such data available to researchers. As such, it is vital that data is collected and made available in future. In this paper we perform a review of past physiological data collection experiments conducted with people with dementia and evaluate the methods used at each stage of the experiment. Consideration is also given to the impacts and limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns both on the people with dementia- such people being one of the most at risk and affected groups- and on the efficacy and safety of each of the methods. It is concluded that the choice of method to be utilized in future data collection experiments is heavily dependent on the type and severity of the dementia the participants are experiencing, and that the choice of remote or COVID-secure methods should be used during the COVID-19 pandemic; many of the methods reviewed could allow for the spread of the virus if utilized during a pandemic
A secure localization framework of RAIN RFID objects for ambient assisted living
Internet of things (IoT) is currently on our doorsteps. Numerous domains have beneted from this technology. It ranges from a simple application such as identifying an object up to handling a more complex system. The Radio Frequency IDentication (RFID) is one of the enabling technologies that drive the IoT to its position today. It is small, cheap and does not require any additional power sources. Along with its ubiquitous functionality, this technology enables the positioning of an object within a specic area. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) is one of the many domains that benet from the IoT. It aims at assisting elderly people in their daily routines by providing new assistive services in smart homes for instance. RFIDs in a smart home come as a great help to an elderly person, for example, to nd an object that they misplaced. However, even with all its benets in simplifying our lives, it is unfortunately double-edged where the advantage that it brings to an object could in turn go against itself. Indeed to be able to help the older adults to locate an object, the system requires certain data in relation to the positioning of the object and its identication. As the passive RFID tag coverage is very small, once its presence is detected, it is dicult to hide it. The ability of this technology in localizing objects gives an opportunity to a third person to take an advantage of the system. In parallel with the persistent and constant need of privacy and secrecy by the users, the objective of this thesis consists of improving the privacy in localizing an object through a new protocol based on the latest version of the RFID second generation passive tag. The proposed protocol must be able to prevent an object from being identied and located by unauthorized parties or a malicious reader. The rst contribution of this work is the assessment of the RFID anti collision management. It is performed through the creation of an OMNET++ framework, modelled and built based on the latest RFID standard developed by GS1 and incorporated by ISO/IEC called Gen2V2 (RFID class 2 Generation 2 Version 2). It is a passive RFID tag that does not require any internal power sources to operate. It communicates using the UHF frequency. The Gen2V2 standard provides a list of cryptographical suites that can be used as a method to authenticate a tag and a reader. This new generation of tags is supported by an alliance of manufacturers called RAIN (RAdio frequency IdenticatioN) that promotes the adoption of the Gen2V2. The anti collision management overall performance is then compared with its theoretical value and four of its cryptographical suites namely PRESENT80, XOR, AES128 and cryptoGPS. Among the performances evaluated within the framework is the number of collisions and the duration required to interrogate a group of tags. Note that an addition of a localization functionality within the framework reveals that exchanged messages through wireless channel prior to the authentication can lead to a malicious localization of an object. To increase the localization privacy within AAL application, we propose therefore a second contribution which is a new localization method that is based on the current Gen2V2 standard exchanges by anonymizing the tag identity
ModÚle sémantique d'intelligence ambiante pour le développement « Do-It-Yourself » d'habitats intelligents
Lâintelligence ambiante utilise lâinformatique diffuse, lâInternet des objets et lâintelligence artificielle pour faire Ă©merger de nouvelles solutions technologiques qui facilitent le maintien Ă domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es. Lâassistance Ă lâautonomie Ă domicile passe par un processus de transformation de lâhabitat en habitat intelligent.
Cette thĂšse sâintĂ©resse Ă la proposition dâun modĂšle sĂ©mantique de lâintelligence ambiante. Le but est de proposer un domaine dâinterprĂ©tation des interactions existantes entre lâhabitat, lâInternet des objets, le profil de la personne et lâassistance Ă offrir. Ă ce titre, le lien sĂ©mantique entre les Ă©noncĂ©s permet de formellement spĂ©cifier les besoins et les rĂšgles dâinfĂ©rences sont utilisĂ©es pour la gĂ©nĂ©ration des dispositifs Ă©lectroniques correspondant aux besoins spĂ©cifiĂ©s.
Le modĂšle sĂ©mantique proposĂ© capture lâessence des concepts du domaine de l'intelligence ambiante. Il organise et structure ainsi la connaissance sous-jacente au sein dâune architecture logicielle. Couche par couche et module par module, cette architecture sâadapte au contexte de lâutilisateur afin de permettre aux personnes ayant peu ou pas de connaissances dans le domaine de concevoir (bricoler) leur propre solution dâassistance et dâaccompagnement Ă la rĂ©alisation de certaines activitĂ©s de la vie quotidienne.
Pour faciliter le bricolage (la conception par soi-mĂȘme), le modĂšle sâappuie sur des mĂ©thodes formelles de spĂ©cification, de vĂ©rification et de validation des scĂ©narios. Les scĂ©narios dĂ©crivent lâagencement et le dĂ©roulement des activitĂ©s Ă rĂ©aliser pour la satisfaction dâun but. Enfin, pour accompagner le processus de bricolage jusquâau bout, un modĂšle thĂ©orique de positionnement des dispositifs Ă©lectroniques dans un habitat intelligent est proposĂ©.
Une expĂ©rimentation Ă domicile a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e durant 42 jours chez une personne aĂźnĂ©e souffrant de la maladie dâAlzheimer. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus permettent de valider le fonctionnement du modĂšle de sensibilitĂ© au contexte proposĂ© et de renseigner les proches aidant sur les habitudes de vie de leur aĂźnĂ©e. Lâassistance offerte a pour objectif de fournir des signaux environnementaux pour favoriser un sommeil rĂ©parateur et Ă©viter des Ă©pisodes dâerrance nocturne, chez les personnes atteintes de la maladie dâAlzheimer
Modélisation d'une interaction systÚme-résident contextuelle, personnalisée et adaptative pour l'assistance cognitive à la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne dans les maisons connectées
Alors que le nombre de personnes vivant avec des dĂ©ficits cognitifs qui dĂ©coulent dâun traumatisme craniocĂ©rĂ©bral (TCC) va en croissant, les technologies dâassistance sont de plus en plus dĂ©veloppĂ©es pour rĂ©soudre les problĂšmes quâils induisent dans la rĂ©alisation des activitĂ©s de la vie quotidienne. LâInternet des objets et lâintelligence ambiante offrent un cadre pour fournir des services dâassistance sensibles au contexte, adaptatifs, autonomes et personnalisĂ©s pour ces personnes ayant des besoins particuliers. Une revue de la littĂ©rature sur le sujet permet de constater que les systĂšmes existants offrent trĂšs souvent une assistance excessive, quand lâaide contient plus dâinformation que nĂ©cessaire ou quand elle est fournie automatiquement Ă chaque Ă©tape de lâactivitĂ©. Cette assistance, inadaptĂ©e aux besoins et aux capacitĂ©s de la personne, est contraire Ă certains principes de la rĂ©adaptation cognitive qui prĂŽnent la fourniture dâune assistance minimale pour encourager la personne Ă agir au meilleur de ses capacitĂ©s. Cette thĂšse propose des modĂšles pour automatiser lâassistance cognitive sous forme de dialogue contextuel entre une personne ayant des dĂ©ficits cognitifs dus au TCC et un systĂšme lui fournissant lâassistance appropriĂ©e qui lâencourage Ă rĂ©aliser ses activitĂ©s par lui-mĂȘme. Les principales contributions sont : (1) un modĂšle ontologique comme support de lâassistance cognitive dans les maisons connectĂ©es ; (2) un modĂšle dâinteraction entre lâagent intelligent dâune maison connectĂ©e et une personne ayant subi un TCC, dans le cadre de lâassistance cognitive. Le modĂšle ontologique proposĂ© sâappuie sur les actes de langages et les donnĂ©es probantes de la rĂ©adaptation cognitive afin que lâassistance reflĂšte la pratique clinique. Il vise Ă fournir aux maisons intelligentes la sĂ©mantique des donnĂ©es nĂ©cessaires pour caractĂ©riser les situations oĂč il y a besoin dâassistance, les messages dâassistance de gradations diffĂ©rentes et les rĂ©actions de la personne. InformĂ© par le modĂšle ontologique, le modĂšle dâinteraction basĂ© sur des arbres de comportement (« behaviour trees ») permet alors Ă un agent intelligent de planifier dynamiquement la diffusion de messages dâassistance progressifs avec des ajustements si nĂ©cessaire, en fonction du profil et du comportement du rĂ©sident de la maison connectĂ©e lors de lâaccomplissement de ses activitĂ©s. Une validation prĂ©liminaire montre lâapplicabilitĂ© des modĂšles dans lâimplĂ©mentation de scĂ©narios relatifs Ă lâutilisation sĂ©curitaire dâune cuisiniĂšre connectĂ©e dĂ©diĂ©e aux personnes ayant subi un TCC