CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The present work organizes information in a systematized way, on environmental technologies applied to each of the tasks and activities that are performed in the cities, urban planning and development. These technologies are an updated part of all the technologies that can be applied, therefore, it is the state-of-the-art of new technologies applied to urban sustainable development which mostly are processes, instruments of measurement, simulators, equipment, materials, Software and Hardware that are of great help for urbanism designers and promoters of urbanism in the cities development. These technologies, which are described in the present article, have been selected on the basis of their up-to-dateness and application in the main sectors or fields of development and it is important to mention that only the most recent and influential on urban development and environmental technology have been chosen. The main objective is to provide an overview of the state-of-the art of these environmental technologies, and how we, designers, architects and promoters of urban development, can apply and use a number of technologies in urban planning with an environmental approach.sustainable urbanism, new technologies, development, tools.

Data Size Requirement for Forecasting Daily Crude Oil Price with Neural Networks

When the literature regarding applications of neural networks is investigated, it appears that a substantial issue is what size the training data should be when modelling a time series through neural networks. The aim of this paper is to determine the size of training data to be used to construct a forecasting model via a multiple-breakpoint test and compare its performance with two general methods, namely, using all available data and using just two years of data. Furthermore, the importance of the selection of the final neural network model is investigated in detail. The results obtained from daily crude oil prices indicate that the data from the last structural change lead to simpler architectures of neural networks and have an advantage in reaching more accurate forecasts in terms of MAE value. In addition, the statistical tests show that there is a statistically significant interaction between data size and stopping rule.JEL Codes - Q47; C45; C5

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Battery- And Diesel Engine-Driven Ro-Ro Passenger Vessel

Emissions produced by the fuel combustion in marine engines are one of major causes of the marine environment pollution and have negative impact on both human health and the environment. That impact is more pronounced for vessels which mostly operate near ports and inhabited areas, such as ro-ro passenger ships. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of a ship, a life cycle assessment of a ro-ro passenger vessel operating in the Adriatic Sea has been performed. Two different power system designs were investigated, i.e. lithium-ion battery-driven vessel and diesel engine-driven vessel. The analyses were performed by means of general LCA software GREET 2018, where the life cycle for both power system designs is divided in two stages: constitutive parts of the first stage are processes from life cycle of fuel without its use in vessel, while vessel operation represents the second stage. The analysis showed that diesel engine-driven vessel emits 79.740 kg CO2-eq/nm, versus battery-driven vessel with 27.471 kg CO2-eq/nm

HAWAII ALGAL BIOFUEL

This report investigates the feasibility and affordability of producing algae-derived biofuel in Hawaii for military aviation. The authors evaluated methods for cultivation of algae, investigated the processes necessary to locally refine bio-oil into bio-kerosene, researched the environmental impacts of cultivation and refinement facilities in Hawaii, and studied the resultant cost per gallon of bio-kerosene production. Based on the current state of technology and the proposed system of systems architecture, this report estimates that bio-kerosene can be produced for $8.00 - 22.87/gal, indicating that although this system is technically feasible, it is unlikely to be affordable at current fuel prices without ongoing subsidy or further technical innovation.http://archive.org/details/hawaiialgalbiofu109453289

Ship Lifecycle

In an effort to contribute to global efforts by addressing the marine pollution from various emission types, this Special Issue of Ship Lifecyle for Journal of Marine Science and Engineering was inspired to provide a comprehensive insight for naval architects, marine engineers, designers, shipyards, and ship-owners who strive to find optimal ways to survive in competitive markets by improving cycle time and the capacity to reduce design, production, and operation costs while pursuing zero emission. In this context, this Special Issue is devoted to providing insights into the latest research and technical developments on ship systems and operation with a life cycle point of view. The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together researchers from the whole marine and maritime community into a common forum to share cutting-edge research on cleaner shipping. It is strongly believed that such a joint effort will contribute to enhancing the sustainability of the marine and maritime activities. This Special Issue features six novel publications dedicated to this endeavor. First of all, as a proactive response to transitioning to cleaner marine fuel sources, numerous aspects of the excellence of fuel-cell based hybrid ships were demonstrated through four publications. In addition, two publications demonstrated the effectiveness of life cycle assessment (LCA) applicable to marine vessels

An Overview of EGS Development and Management Suggestions

The world is facing the energy challenge to over-reliance to fossil-fuels, the development of renewable energy is inevitable. From a clean and economic view, enhanced geothermal system (EGS) provides an effective mean to utilize geothermal energy to generate. Different form the conventionalhydro geothermal, the host rock of EGS is Hot Dry Rock (HDR), which buries deeper with high temperature (more than 180°C). The generationof EGS is promising. The development of EGS can be combined with the tech Power to geothermal energy. Exceed power is supposed to drive fluid working in HDR layer to obtain geothermal energy for generation. The whole article can be divided into three parts. In the first art, evaluation indexes of EGS as well as pilot EGs Projects (e.g. Fenton Hill and Basel) and exiting EGS project (e.g. Paralana and Newberry) are summarized, which points a general impression on EGS site. The dominate indexes are heat flow, geothermal gradient and thermal storage. The second part is focused on the simulation methods and working fluids selection of EGS. A detailed comparison of the main simulation software (e.g. TOUGH2 and FEHM) is carried out. With the respect of working fluid selection, the comparison between water and CO2 is researched and CO2 is a preferred option for EGS development for less fluid loss and less dissolution to HDR. The art of CO2-EGS is introduced clearly in this part. The third part is about the addition consideration of EGS plant operation, it excludes auxiliary plant support and HSE management

Review of Ship Energy Efficiency

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] Energy efficiency has become increasingly relevant in the current economic and environmental situations. This paper aims to create a map of the state of the art of the energy efficiency on the marine sector, both in the scale of the individual ships and the entire industry. The first point of interest will be an examination of the regulatory framework of the shipping sector in regards of energy efficiency. Next there are the procedures implemented on ships with the aim of diminishing their consumption and emissions. These measures range from modifications of the design to the operational practices. Following that will be the potential advances that the industry could implement on a bigger scale to enhance the efficiency of the whole sector. Finally, an overview of the main obstacles for the implementation of these measures will be examined. While the current standards are a temporary solution and several of the most prominent improvements require further investigation, the continuous effort increases the potential of this sector for optimization. These factors emphasize the utility of this review as an introduction to help other studies have a solid understanding of the state of the art of energy efficiency in the naval industry.Xunta de Galicia; ED481A 2021/312Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/3

The UK Transport Carbon Model : An integrated life cycle approach to explore low carbon futures

Peer reviewedPostprin