Liquefied Natural Gas for Europe - Some Important Issues for Consideration

The delivery of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from various suppliers by sea, as an alternative to pipeline shipments and supplies, is seen as a way to secure and diversify natural gas imports in the EU. The purpose of this study is to investigate four main issues that may have a significant impact on future patterns of LNG supply and demand in the EU by 2020-2030. These four issues are: 1) Security, diversity and affordability of natural gas supply; 2) Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions; 3) LNG quality and 4) Shipping of LNG.JRC.F.7-Energy systems evaluatio

« Les sorcières de Smyrne » sur la scène contemporaine

The novel The Witches of Smyrna by Mara Meimaridi (2001) is adapted for the stage and directed by Stamatis Fassoulis in 2018. The play transports spectators back to Smyrna, its clubs and celebrated fin‐de‐siècle cafés, for a story of magic, spells and cosmetics. The historical context remembers to the audience the lost homelands. Magical knowledge and practice were not widely accepted among individuals and communities in Minor Asia. But Katina, a smart young woman with magical abilities, ignore the reactions and impose herself across Smyrna’s society. The Greek witch at the beginning of 20th century is a woman next door, modern and independent, without Halloween’s witch hat or other accessories.The novel The Witches of Smyrna by Mara Meimaridi (2001) is adapted for the stage and directed by Stamatis Fassoulis in 2018. The play transports spectators back to Smyrna, its clubs and celebrated fin‐de‐siècle cafés, for a story of magic, spells and cosmetics. The historical context remembers to the audience the lost homelands. Magical knowledge and practice were not widely accepted among individuals and communities in Minor Asia. But Katina, a smart young woman with magical abilities, ignore the reactions and impose herself across Smyrna’s society. The Greek witch at the beginning of 20th century is a woman next door, modern and independent, without Halloween’s witch hat or other accessories

Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Carbon Dioxide in the European Energy System

Enhanced oil recovery using carbon dioxide (CO2-EOR) is a method that can increase oil production beyond what is typically achievable using conventional recovery methods by injecting, and hence storing, carbon dioxide (CO2) in the oil reservoir. This report indicates that the maximum technical potential for increased oil recovery is significant while the CO2 storage capacity is relatively small. A detailed economic analysis suggests that at the oil rpcies of today and with a financial incentive for CO2 storage, a number of CO2-EOR operations could be viable in the North Sea. These projects can contribute to the improvement of the European security of supply by increasing indigenous oil production, and assist in the reduction of GHG emissions and catalyse the development of decarbonised energy conversion technologies by providing the means for safe and permanent storage of CO2.JRC.F.2-Cleaner energie

Venture Capital Financing and Green Patenting

This paper explores the role of green innovation in attracting venture capital (VC) financing. We use a unique dataset that matches information on equity transactions, companies’ balance sheet variables and data on patented innovation at the firm level over the period 2008–2017. Taking advance of a novel granular definition of green innovative activities that tracks patents at the firm level, we show that green innovators are more likely to receive VC funding compared to other equity financing than firms without green patents. Likewise, a larger share of green vs. non-green patents in a firm’s patent portfolio increases the probability of receiving VC finance with respect to other equity. Robustness checks and extensions tackling several dimensions of heterogeneity confirm the attractiveness of green patenting for VC investment

Modelling Urban scale Retrofit, Pathways to 2050 Low Carbon Residential Building Stock

A bottom up engineering modelling approach has been used to investigate the pathways to 2050 low carbon residential building stock. The impact of housing retrofit, renewable technologies, occupant behaviour, and grid decarbonisation is measured at a local authority scale. The results of this exercise were visualised using a client web application, or ‘demonstrator,’ which was developed to allow stakeholders to engage with the modelling process

Transport and Environment Database System (TRENDS): Maritime Air Pollutant Emission Modelling

This paper reports the development of the maritime module within the framework of the Transport and Environment Database System (TRENDS) project. A detailed database has been constructed for the calculation of energy consumption and air pollutant emissions. Based on an in-house database of commercial vessels kept at the Technical University of Denmark, relationships between the fuel consumption and size of different vessels have been developed, taking into account the fleet's age and service speed. The technical assumptions and factors incorporated in the database are presented, including changes from findings reported in Methodologies for Estimating air pollutant Emissions from Transport (MEET). The database operates on statistical data provided by Eurostat, which describe vessel and freight movements from and towards EU 15 major ports. Data are at port to Maritime Coastal Area (MCA) level, so a bottom-up approach is used. A port to MCA distance database has also been constructed for the purpose of the study. This was the first attempt to use Eurostat maritime statistics for emission modelling; and the problems encountered, since the statistical data collection was not undertaken with a view to this purpose, are mentioned. Examples of the results obtained by the database are presented. These include detailed air pollutant emission calculations for bulk carriers entering the port of Helsinki, as an example of the database operation, and aggregate results for different types of movements for France. Overall estimates of SOx and NOx emission caused by shipping traffic between the EU 15 countries are in the area of 1 and 1.5 million tonnes, respectively

Dicarbon­yl(pyrazine-1,3-dithiol­ato-κ2 S,S′)bis­(trimethyl­phosphane-κP)iron(II)

The title compound, [Fe(C4H2N2S2)(C3H9P)2(CO)2], was obtained as a mononuclear by-product during the treatment of [Fe2(μ-S2C4N2H2)(CO)6] in excess trimethyl­phosphane. The Fe atom is six-coordinated by two thiol­ate S atoms, two phosphane P atoms and two carbonyl C atoms in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The average Fe—C(O) distance (1.771 Å) is relatively shorter than that of its parent hexa­carbonyl­diiron compound, and differs by 0.511 Å from the average Fe—P(Me)3 distance. The five-membered FeC2S2 chelate ring plane is close to being perpendicular to the P/Fe/P plane [86.5 (2)°]

Bis(triethyl­ammonium) bis­(μ-pyrazine-2,3-dithiol­ato)bis­(pyrazine-2,3-dithio­lato)diferrate(III) methanol disolvate

In the title compound, (C6H16N)2[Fe2(C4H2N2S2)4]·2CH4O, the [FeIII(pdt)2]− anion (pdt is pyrazine-2,3-dithiol­ate) forms a centrosymmetric dimer supported by two FeIII—S bonds [Fe—S = 2.4787 (4) Å]. In the crystal structure, dimers form a one-dimensional stack along the b axis via π–π stacking inter­actions, the inter­planar separation between adjacent dimers being 3.51 (2) Å. The methanol solvent mol­ecule is involved in two hydrogen bonds in which the hydroxyl group acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the N atom of a pdt ligand and the O atom acts as an acceptor for the NH group of the triethyl­ammonium cation

Diaqua­(1,4,7,10,13-penta­oxacyclo­penta­deca­ne)iron(II) bis­(μ-cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethyl­enedithiol­ato)bis­[(cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethyl­enedithiol­ato)ferrate(III)] 1,4,7,10,13-penta­oxacyclo­penta­decane disolvate

The title compound, [Fe(C10H20O5)(H2O)2][Fe2(C4N2S2)4]·2C10H20O5, consists of an [FeII(15-crown-5)(H2O)2]2+ cation, sandwiched between and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonded by two additional 15-crown-5 ether mol­ecules and two independent [FeIII(mnt)2]− anions, where 15-crown-5 ether denotes 1,4,7,10,13-penta­oxacyclo­penta­decane and mnt denotes cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethyl­enedithiol­ate. Each independent [FeIII(mnt)2]− unit forms a centrosymmetric dimer supported by two inter­monomer FeIII—S bonds [Fe—S = 2.4715 (9) and 2.4452 (9) Å]. In the crystal structure, the dimers form one-dimensional π–π stacks along the a axis, with an inter­planar separation of 3.38 (6) Å