A NOVEL DOUBLE GATE FINFET TRANSISTOR: OPTIMIZED POWER AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGIES

Abstract—FinFET technology has been proposed as a promising alternative for deep sub-micron CMOS technology,because of its superior device performance, scalability, lower leakage power consumption and cost-effective fabricationprocess. Fin-type field-effect transistors (FinFETs) are capable substitutes for bulk CMOS at the nano-scale. Previous workshave studied the performance or power advantages of FinFET circuits over bulk CMOS circuits. This paper elucidates thedependability analysis of Average power, Leakage power, Leakage current and Delay of AND gate using double gateFinFET. Our experiments compare FinFET circuits at different voltages at 45 nm technology in virtuoso tool of cadence,showing that DG FinFET circuits have better dependability and scalability.Keywords—double gate FinFET; fin width; low power circuit; device analysi

Design of SRAM Cell using Modified Lector and Dual Threshold Method Based on FINFET

FinFET (Fin Field Effect Transistor) is a new technology that satisfies the demand for a superior storage system by improving transistor circuit design (SS). CMOS devices experience a wide range of issues due to the gate's diminishing ability to control the channel. Increased total production costs are a few of these disadvantages. But this store needs to dissipate less power, have a quick access time, and a low leakage current. The increased power dissipation and leakage current of traditional CMOS-based SRAM (Static RAM) architectures cause a sharp decline in performance. The nanoscale gadget called FinFET is being introduced for use in SRAM fabrication due to its 3D gate architecture. The adoption of FinFET has helped boost overall performance in terms of efficiency, power, and footprint. And because it is immune to SCEs, FinFET has become the transistor of choice. In this study, we have examined a number of FinFET-based SRAM cells and compared them with CMOS technology. We have also suggested a novel 14T SRAM design that uses the Dual Threshold Method and Modified Lector Approach with FinFET, and it is implemented for the 1bit, 4bit, and 8bit

THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ON ENTERPRENEURSHIP PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

The business environment has been a vital point to consider in evaluating entrepreneurial performance, researches haveestablished that there is relationship between entrepreneurial activity and the environment in which it is domiciled. Thispaper x-rayed the impact or especially the influence of the Nigerian business environment as it affected the productivity ofthe entrepreneur operating in the country. The paper is structured into various parts. The first is the introduction followed bypart two which looked at the definition of the keywords, explained the nature of the business environment and its componentparts, also discussed the importance of the business environment to an entrepreneur. Conceptual issues relating to this paperwas deliberated upon. The study depended on resources from academic publications, reports and publications of governmentagencies and other stakeholders in the field of entrepreneurship in Nigeria and outside the country. The paper thereforeargues in conclusion that the government is the vital organ that can lead to a beneficial business environment. It alsorecommends the inclusion of entrepreneurship in the curriculum of schools, ensuring that the NYSC period is loaded withworkshops and seminar on entrepreneurship.Keywords: Business Environment, Entrepreneurship, Nigerian Business Environment

Cross-layer system reliability assessment framework for hardware faults

System reliability estimation during early design phases facilitates informed decisions for the integration of effective protection mechanisms against different classes of hardware faults. When not all system abstraction layers (technology, circuit, microarchitecture, software) are factored in such an estimation model, the delivered reliability reports must be excessively pessimistic and thus lead to unacceptably expensive, over-designed systems. We propose a scalable, cross-layer methodology and supporting suite of tools for accurate but fast estimations of computing systems reliability. The backbone of the methodology is a component-based Bayesian model, which effectively calculates system reliability based on the masking probabilities of individual hardware and software components considering their complex interactions. Our detailed experimental evaluation for different technologies, microarchitectures, and benchmarks demonstrates that the proposed model delivers very accurate reliability estimations (FIT rates) compared to statistically significant but slow fault injection campaigns at the microarchitecture level.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

A Process Variation Tolerant Self-Compensation Sense Amplifier Design

As we move under the aegis of the Moore\u27s law, we have to deal with its darker side with problems like leakage and short channel effects. Once we go beyond 45nm regime process variations also have emerged as a significant design concern.Embedded memories uses sense amplifier for fast sensing and typically, sense amplifiers uses pair of matched transistors in a positive feedback environment. A small difference in voltage level of applied input signals to these matched transistors is amplified and the resulting logic signals are latched. Intra die variation causes mismatch between the sense transistors that should ideally be identical structures. Yield loss due to device and process variations has never been so critical to cause failure in circuits. Due to growth in size of embedded SRAMs as well as usage of sense amplifier based signaling techniques, process variations in sense amplifiers leads to significant loss of yield for that we need to come up with process variation tolerant circuit styles and new devices. In this work impact of transistor mismatch due to process variations on sense amplifier is evaluated and this problem is stated. For the solution of the problem a novel self compensation scheme on sense amplifiers is presented on different technology nodes up to 32nm on conventional bulk MOSFET technology. Our results show that the self compensation technique in the conventional bulk MOSFET latch type sense amplifier not just gives improvement in the yield but also leads to improvement in performance for latch type sense amplifiers. Lithography related CD variations, fluctuations in dopant density, oxide thickness and parametric variations of devices are identified as a major challenge to the classical bulk type MOSFET. With the emerging nanoscale devices, SIA roadmap identifies FinFETs as a candidate for post-planar end-of-roadmap CMOS device. With current technology scaling issues and with conventional bulk type MOSFET on 32nm node our technique can easily be applied to Double Gate devices. In this work, we also develop the model of Double Gate MOSFET through 3D Device Simulator Damocles and TCAD simulator. We propose a FinFET based process variation tolerant sense amplifier design that exploits the back gate of FinFET devices for dynamic compensation against process variations. Results from statistical simulation show that the proposed dynamic compensation is highly effective in restoring yield at a level comparable to that of sense amplifiers without process variations. We created the 32nm double gate models generated from Damocles 3-D device simulations [25] and Taurus Device Simulator available commercially from Synopsys [47] and use them in the nominal latch type sense amplifier design and on the Independent Gate Self Compensation Sense Amplifier Design (IGSSA) to compare the yield and performance benefits of sense amplifier design on FinFET technology over the conventional bulk type CMOS based sense amplifier on 32nm technology node effective in restoring yield at a level comparable to that of sense amplifiers without process variations. We created the 32nm double gate models generated from Damocles 3-D device simulations [25] and Taurus Device Simulator available commercially from Synopsys [47] and use them in the nominal latch type sense amplifier design and on the Independent Gate Self Compensation Sense Amplifier Design (IGSSA) to compare the yield and performance benefits of sense amplifier design on FinFET technology over the conventional bulk type CMOS based sense amplifier on 32nm technology node

Cross-Layer Resiliency Modeling and Optimization: A Device to Circuit Approach

The never ending demand for higher performance and lower power consumption pushes the VLSI industry to further scale the technology down. However, further downscaling of technology at nano-scale leads to major challenges. Reduced reliability is one of them, arising from multiple sources e.g. runtime variations, process variation, and transient errors. The objective of this thesis is to tackle unreliability with a cross layer approach from device up to circuit level

INTELLIGENT ADVISORY SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING COMPUTER-BASED AUTHENTICATION USERS

Authentication is one of the cornerstones of computer security systems today, and most users of computers interact withthese mechanisms on a daily basis. However, human factor has often been described as one of the weakest part of computersecurity as users of authentication are often identified to be the weakest link in the security chain. In related development ithas been demanding to merge usability with security in the choice of authentication method by computer users. To addressthe serious problem, this paper presents an intelligent advisory system based on artificial neural network that can assist usersof authentication systems on making decision on the authentication method that best suits them.Keywords: Intelligent, Advisory system, Authentication, Human Factor

Phase Noise Analyses and Measurements in the Hybrid Memristor-CMOS Phase-Locked Loop Design and Devices Beyond Bulk CMOS

Phase-locked loop (PLLs) has been widely used in analog or mixed-signal integrated circuits. Since there is an increasing market for low noise and high speed devices, PLLs are being employed in communications. In this dissertation, we investigated phase noise, tuning range, jitter, and power performances in different architectures of PLL designs. More energy efficient devices such as memristor, graphene, transition metal di-chalcogenide (TMDC) materials and their respective transistors are introduced in the design phase-locked loop. Subsequently, we modeled phase noise of a CMOS phase-locked loop from the superposition of noises from its building blocks which comprises of a voltage-controlled oscillator, loop filter, frequency divider, phase-frequency detector, and the auxiliary input reference clock. Similarly, a linear time-invariant model that has additive noise sources in frequency domain is used to analyze the phase noise. The modeled phase noise results are further compared with the corresponding phase-locked loop designs in different n-well CMOS processes. With the scaling of CMOS technology and the increase of the electrical field, the problem of short channel effects (SCE) has become dominant, which causes decay in subthreshold slope (SS) and positive and negative shifts in the threshold voltages of nMOS and pMOS transistors, respectively. Various devices are proposed to continue extending Moore\u27s law and the roadmap in semiconductor industry. We employed tunnel field effect transistor owing to its better performance in terms of SS, leakage current, power consumption etc. Applying an appropriate bias voltage to the gate-source region of TFET causes the valence band to align with the conduction band and injecting the charge carriers. Similarly, under reverse bias, the two bands are misaligned and there is no injection of carriers. We implemented graphene TFET and MoS2 in PLL design and the results show improvements in phase noise, jitter, tuning range, and frequency of operation. In addition, the power consumption is greatly reduced due to the low supply voltage of tunnel field effect transistor

Soft-Error Resilience Framework For Reliable and Energy-Efficient CMOS Logic and Spintronic Memory Architectures

The revolution in chip manufacturing processes spanning five decades has proliferated high performance and energy-efficient nano-electronic devices across all aspects of daily life. In recent years, CMOS technology scaling has realized billions of transistors within large-scale VLSI chips to elevate performance. However, these advancements have also continually augmented the impact of Single-Event Transient (SET) and Single-Event Upset (SEU) occurrences which precipitate a range of Soft-Error (SE) dependability issues. Consequently, soft-error mitigation techniques have become essential to improve systems\u27 reliability. Herein, first, we proposed optimized soft-error resilience designs to improve robustness of sub-micron computing systems. The proposed approaches were developed to deliver energy-efficiency and tolerate double/multiple errors simultaneously while incurring acceptable speed performance degradation compared to the prior work. Secondly, the impact of Process Variation (PV) at the Near-Threshold Voltage (NTV) region on redundancy-based SE-mitigation approaches for High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems was investigated to highlight the approach that can realize favorable attributes, such as reduced critical datapath delay variation and low speed degradation. Finally, recently, spin-based devices have been widely used to design Non-Volatile (NV) elements such as NV latches and flip-flops, which can be leveraged in normally-off computing architectures for Internet-of-Things (IoT) and energy-harvesting-powered applications. Thus, in the last portion of this dissertation, we design and evaluate for soft-error resilience NV-latching circuits that can achieve intriguing features, such as low energy consumption, high computing performance, and superior soft errors tolerance, i.e., concurrently able to tolerate Multiple Node Upset (MNU), to potentially become a mainstream solution for the aerospace and avionic nanoelectronics. Together, these objectives cooperate to increase energy-efficiency and soft errors mitigation resiliency of larger-scale emerging NV latching circuits within iso-energy constraints. In summary, addressing these reliability concerns is paramount to successful deployment of future reliable and energy-efficient CMOS logic and spintronic memory architectures with deeply-scaled devices operating at low-voltages