Swarm optimization based radio resource allocation for dense devices D2D communication

In Device to Device (D2D) communication two or more devices communicate directly with each other in the in-band cellular network. It enhances the spectral efficiency due to cellular radio resources (RR) are shared among the cellular users and D2D users. If the RR sharing is not legitimate properly, it causes interference and inefficient use. Therefore, management of RR between cellular users and D2D users is required to control the interference and inefficient use of RR. In D2D enabled cellular network, D2D users have a good signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared with cellular users due to the short distances and dedicated path. Using this advantage, an efficient RR allocation algorithm based on swarm optimization is proposed in this paper, that allows utmost spatial reuse in multi-users and OFDMA networks. The algorithm determines the required RR on the request of D2D users following the indicator variable. It enhances the capacity (Bit/Hz), overall system throughput and spectral efficiency with respect to sub-carriers in OFDMA networks. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated via MATLAB simulations

Device discovery for D2D communication in in-band cellular networks using sphere decoder like (SDL) algorithm

In the fifth generation (5G), it is anticipated that device-to-device (D2D) operation will be locally incorporated as a part without any bounds. In D2D network, multiple devices coexisting is a challenging subject of device discovery. The device discovery is performed under a visually impaired situation such as channel information, location, and the number of devices. In this paper, centralized device discovery is chosen due to power consumption and signaling overhead of the distributed system. A distinctive approach for device discovery in an in-band cellular network, based on the device’s power, is suggested with an efficient technique which enhances the implementation of D2D communication and improves the accomplishment by alleviating the discovery issues. The group of devices forms a lattice structure, and it is positioned in the coverage area. The hypersphere is constructed based on the power knowledge of a discoverer device which helps for accurate and fast device discovery in a lattice structure. Besides, sphere decoder like (SDL) algorithm is applied for quick and precise discovery in the lattice structure. Simulation results present the performance of the proposed QR factorized lattice structure scheme regarding device power, enhanced in the number of discovered devices and controlled signaling overhead

Device discovery in D2D communication: A survey

Device to Device (D2D) communication was first considered in out-band to manage energy issues in the wireless sensor networks. The primary target was to secure information about system topology for successive communication. Now the D2D communication has been legitimated in in-band by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). To initiate D2D communication, Device Discovery (DD) is a primary task and every D2D application benefits from DD as an end to end link maintenance and data relay when the direct path is obstructed. The DD is facing new difficulties because of the mobility of the devices over static systems, and the mobility makes it more challenging for D2D communication. For in-band D2D, DD in a single cell and multi-cell, and dense area is not legitimated properly, causing latency, inaccuracy, and energy consumption. Among extensive studies on limiting energy consumption and latency, DD is one of the essential parts concentrating on access and communication. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on DD challenges, for example single cell/multi-cell and dense area DD, energy consumption during discovery, discovery delay, and discovery security, etc., has been presented to accomplish an effective paradigm of D2D networks. In order to undertake the device (user) needs, an architecture has been projected, which promises to overwhelm the various implementation challenges of DD. The paper mainly focuses on DD taxonomy and classification with an emphasis on discovery procedures and algorithms, a summary of advances and issues, and ways for potential enhancements. For ensuring a secure DD and D2D, auspicious research directions have been proposed, based on taxonomy

D4.3 Final Report on Network-Level Solutions

Research activities in METIS reported in this document focus on proposing solutions to the network-level challenges of future wireless communication networks. Thereby, a large variety of scenarios is considered and a set of technical concepts is proposed to serve the needs envisioned for the 2020 and beyond. This document provides the final findings on several network-level aspects and groups of solutions that are considered essential for designing future 5G solutions. Specifically, it elaborates on: -Interference management and resource allocation schemes -Mobility management and robustness enhancements -Context aware approaches -D2D and V2X mechanisms -Technology components focused on clustering -Dynamic reconfiguration enablers These novel network-level technology concepts are evaluated against requirements defined by METIS for future 5G systems. Moreover, functional enablers which can support the solutions mentioned aboveare proposed. We find that the network level solutions and technology components developed during the course of METIS complement the lower layer technology components and thereby effectively contribute to meeting 5G requirements and targets.Aydin, O.; Valentin, S.; Ren, Z.; Botsov, M.; Lakshmana, TR.; Sui, Y.; Sun, W.... (2015). D4.3 Final Report on Network-Level Solutions. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7675

D13.2 Techniques and performance analysis on energy- and bandwidth-efficient communications and networking

Deliverable D13.2 del projecte europeu NEWCOM#The report presents the status of the research work of the various Joint Research Activities (JRA) in WP1.3 and the results that were developed up to the second year of the project. For each activity there is a description, an illustration of the adherence to and relevance with the identified fundamental open issues, a short presentation of the main results, and a roadmap for the future joint research. In the Annex, for each JRA, the main technical details on specific scientific activities are described in detail.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Design of Smart Open Parking Using Background Subtraction in the IoT Architecture

The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved and penetrated to our live since the end of the last century. Nowadays, many devices for any purpose are connected through the Internet. A smart node, in smart campus environment, can detect an availability of an open parking space by calculating the vehicle that enters or outs from the space. The node applies a background subtraction method, which is deployed in IoT architecture. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is utilized to determine foreground and background image, in order to detect a moving object at an open area. Furthermore, the node can discriminate the type of vehicle with a high accuracy. The result of vehicle type classification is transmitted by the node through the Internet, and then it is saved to the data server. We observe the designed system succeeds delivering a good performance in terms of average accuracy determining car and motorcycle are 93.47% and 91.73%, respectively

Airport connectivity optimization for 5G ultra-dense networks

The rapid increase of air traffic demand and complexity of radio access network motivate developing scalable wireless communications by adopting system intelligence. The lack of adaptive reconfiguration in radio transmission systems may cause dramatic impacts on the traffic management concerning congestion and demand-capacity imbalances driving the industry to jointly access licensed and unlicensed bands for improved airport connectivity. Therefore, intelligent system is embedded into fifth generation (5G) ultra-dense networks (UDNs) to provision dense and irregular deployments that maintain extended coverage and also to improve the energy-efficiency for the entire airport network providing high speed services. To define the technical aspects of this solution, this paper addresses new intelligent technique that configures the coverage and capacity factors of radio access network considering the changes in air traffic demands. This technique is analysed through mathematical models that employ power consumption constraints to support dynamic traffic control requirements to improve the overall network capacity. The presented problem is formulated and exactly solved for medium or large airport air transportation network. The power optimization problem is solved using linear programming with careful consideration to latency and energy efficiency factors. Specifically, an intelligent pilot power method is adopted to maintain the connectivity throughout multi-interface technologies by assuming minimum power requirements. Numerical and system-level analysis are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed schemes for both licenced macrocell Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and unlicensed wireless fidelity (WiFi) topologies. Finally, the insights of problem modelling with intelligent techniques provide significant advantages at reasonable complexity and brings the great opportunity to improve the airport network capacit

Optimising energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in multi-tier heterogeneous networks:performance and tradeoffs

The exponential growth in the number of cellular users along with their increasing demand of higher transmission rate and lower power consumption is a dilemma for the design of future generation networks. The spectral efficiency (SE) can be improved by better utilisation of the network resources at the cost of reduction in the energy efficiency (EE) due to the enormous increase in the network power expenditure arising from the densification of the network. One of the possible solutions is to deploy Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) consisting of several tiers of small cell BSs overlaid within the coverage area of the macrocells. The HetNets can provide better coverage and data rate to the cell edge users in comparison to the macrocells only deployment. One of the key requirements for the next generation networks is to maintain acceptable levels of both EE and SE. In order to tackle these challenges, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the EE, SE and their tradeoff for different scenarios of HetNets. First, a joint network and user adaptive selection mechanism in two-tier HetNets is proposed to improve the SE using game theory to dynamically re-configure the network while satisfying the user's quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In this work, the proposed scheme tries to offload the traffic from the heavily loaded small cells to the macrocell. The user can only be admitted to a network which satisfies the call admission control procedures for both the uplink and downlink transmission scheme. Second, an energy efficient resource allocation scheme is designed for a two-tier HetNets. The proposed scheme uses a low-complexity user association and power allocation algorithm to improve the uplink system EE performance in comparison to the traditional cellular systems. In addition, an opportunistic joint user association and power allocation algorithm is proposed in an uplink transmission scheme of device to device (D2D) enabled HetNets. In this scheme, each user tries to maximise its own Area Spectral Efficiency (ASE) subject to the required Area Energy Efficiency (AEE) requirements. Further, a near-optimal joint user association and power allocation approach is proposed to investigate the tradeoff between the two conflicting objectives such as achievable throughput and minimising the power consumption in two-tier HetNets for the downlink transmission scheme. Finally, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated that jointly maximizes the EE and SE in two-tier HetNets. In this context, a joint user association and power allocation algorithm is proposed to analyse the tradeoff between the achievable EE and SE in two-tier HetNets. The formulated problem is solved using convex optimisation methods to obtain the Pareto-optimal solution for the various network parameters