Research and Education in Computational Science and Engineering

Over the past two decades the field of computational science and engineering (CSE) has penetrated both basic and applied research in academia, industry, and laboratories to advance discovery, optimize systems, support decision-makers, and educate the scientific and engineering workforce. Informed by centuries of theory and experiment, CSE performs computational experiments to answer questions that neither theory nor experiment alone is equipped to answer. CSE provides scientists and engineers of all persuasions with algorithmic inventions and software systems that transcend disciplines and scales. Carried on a wave of digital technology, CSE brings the power of parallelism to bear on troves of data. Mathematics-based advanced computing has become a prevalent means of discovery and innovation in essentially all areas of science, engineering, technology, and society; and the CSE community is at the core of this transformation. However, a combination of disruptive developments---including the architectural complexity of extreme-scale computing, the data revolution that engulfs the planet, and the specialization required to follow the applications to new frontiers---is redefining the scope and reach of the CSE endeavor. This report describes the rapid expansion of CSE and the challenges to sustaining its bold advances. The report also presents strategies and directions for CSE research and education for the next decade.Comment: Major revision, to appear in SIAM Revie

Simulation of the upgraded Phase-1 Trigger Readout Electronics of the Liquid-Argon Calorimeter of the ATLAS Detector at the LHC

In the context of an intensive upgrade plan for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in order to provide proton beams of increased luminosity, a revision of the data readout electronics of the Liquid-Argon-Calorimeter of the ATLAS detector is scheduled. This is required to retain the efficiency of the trigger at increased event rates despite its fixed bandwidth. The focus lies on the early digitization and finer segmentation of the data provided to the trigger. Furthermore, there is the possibility to implement new energy reconstruction algorithms which are adapted to the specific requirements of the trigger. In order to constitute crucial design decisions, such as the digitization scale or the choice of digital signal processing algorithms, comprehensive simulations are required. High trigger efficiencies are decisive at it for the successful continuation of the measurements of rare StandardModel processes as well as for a high sensitivity to new physics beyond the established theories. It can be shown that a significantly improved resolution of the missing transverse energy calculated by the trigger is achievable due to the revised segmentation of the data. Various energy reconstruction algorithms are investigated in detail. It can be concluded that these will facilitate reliable trigger decisions for all expected working conditions and for the whole possible energy range

A combined model for tsunami wave propagation, dispersion, breaking and fluid-structure interaction

In this work, a fully combined tsunami model was developed, by coupling a sequence of 3 distinct numerical models, with different characteristics, for particular phases of the tsunami lifecycle. The computational codes that compose the fully combined tsunami model are the GeoClaw code, the FUNWAVE-TVD code and the OpenFOAM code, via the olaFlow solver. The coupling of GeoClaw with FUNWAVE-TVD was designated as the combined model 1 (CM1) and the combination of FUNWAVE-TVD/CM1 with the CFD code was designated as the combined model 2 (CM2). The full combination of both CM1 and CM2 resulted in the fully combined tsunami model CM. To achieve the coupling between numerical models, individual coupling methodologies were approached, tested and analysed. For the CM1, we choose a refined covered gauge domain coupling methodology and for the CM2 a timeSeries condition coupling methodology was used, which applied waveType wavemaker and the waveTheory tveta, from the olaFlow module. The validation of the individual numerical codes and of the combined model patches was performed with both numerical and physical test cases. Several physical experiments were carried out to generate both solitary and N-waves and a novel first-order theoretical formulation, necessary to generate N-waves experimentally, by means of a piston wave generating system, was developed and detailed in this work. The large-scale physical experiments were performed in the wave basin and in a beach composed by a 1:15 plane slope and a 1:30 plane slope. The generated solitary and N-waves were classified according to their Stokes number. Experimental free surface elevation, run-in, run-up and pressure measurements were retrieved from the physical experiments. Run-in, run-up and pressure laws were proposed for solitary waves and N-waves respectively. The experimental measurements were compared with numerical simulation results. The objectives of the development of the fully combined tsunami model were (1) to join the advantages of the individual models in a single one, attempting to increase the accuracy, efficiency and regime of validity, and (2) to bring a contribution in the tackling of some of the existing problems and challenges of tsunami science, such as the frequency dispersion in long distance tsunami propagation, the complex tsunami on land propagation and fluid flow interactions with river courses and with the coastal and urban areas. The fully combined tsunami model CM simulation results for a Mω 8.5 Earthquake and Tsunami hitting the Portuguese coast showed the ability of the combined model to cover all the tsunami stages. We show that with a 2DV simulation of the CFD code for the Marina of Cascais bathymetric and topographic profile it was possible to observe the vortices behind the breakwater. The analysis of the free surface elevation, velocities and pressure of the tsunami waves was performed. This allowed us to understand the consequence of three diferent tsunami waves scenarios after the breakwater zone. It was possible to draw some brief conclusions considering the tsunami impact. The fully combined tsunami model achieved in this work is a novelty, since it is composed by a sequence of distinct numerical models, including the three-dimensional component granted by the CFD code. With this combined model, it is possible to perform the simulation of real case tsunami events and hypothetical scenarios, applying real or synthetic tsunami-type wave profiles, studying and researching the impact and the tsunami interaction with the coastal areas

Measurement of spin correlations in tt-bar systems in the muon+jets channel using a matrix element method with the CMS detector at the LHC

In this work, the consistency of the spin correlation strength in top quark pair events with the Standard Model (SM) prediction is tested in the muon+jets final state. The events are obtained from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb^(-1). Using a Matrix Element Method, event likelihoods are calculated under two different top quark pair hypotheses: the SM hypothesis and a hypothesis which predicts zero spin correlation. Using the event likelihoods, a variable sensitive to the spin correlation strength is constructed. In a hypothesis testing procedure, the data are found to favour the SM hypothesis. Using a template fit method, the fraction of events that show SM spin correlations is measured to be f = 0.72 +/- 0.08 (stat) +0.15 -0.13 (syst), representing the most precise measurement of this quantity in the lepton+jets channel to date

Research and Education in Computational Science and Engineering

This report presents challenges, opportunities, and directions for computational science and engineering (CSE) research and education for the next decade. Over the past two decades the field of CSE has penetrated both basic and applied research in academia, industry, and laboratories to advance discovery, optimize systems, support decision-makers, and educate the scientific and engineering workforce. Informed by centuries of theory and experiment, CSE performs computational experiments to answer questions that neither theory nor experiment alone is equipped to answer. CSE provides scientists and engineers with algorithmic inventions and software systems that transcend disciplines and scales. CSE brings the power of parallelism to bear on troves of data. Mathematics-based advanced computing has become a prevalent means of discovery and innovation in essentially all areas of science, engineering, technology, and society, and the CSE community is at the core of this transformation. However, a combination of disruptive developments---including the architectural complexity of extreme-scale computing, the data revolution and increased attention to data-driven discovery, and the specialization required to follow the applications to new frontiers---is redefining the scope and reach of the CSE endeavor. With these many current and expanding opportunities for the CSE field, there is a growing demand for CSE graduates and a need to expand CSE educational offerings. This need includes CSE programs at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as continuing education and professional development programs, exploiting the synergy between computational science and data science. Yet, as institutions consider new and evolving educational programs, it is essential to consider the broader research challenges and opportunities that provide the context for CSE education and workforce development

Estimation of the wind energy resource in relation to orographic complexity in Finland: A comparison study of three conventional wind simulation software

The aim of this study is to provide a comparative study for three conventionalsoftware for wind resource assessment (WindPRO, WindSim and Zephy TOOLS)applied to a place with a low orographic complexity terrain (Korpinen), a placewith a moderate slope (Lokan Tekojärvi) and a fictive case of a complex terrainwhere there is a current ski resort (Ylläs), all of them located in Finland. Themain outcome parameter to be investigated in the simulations is the wind speed.Furthermore, the analysis of the outcome will give a hint of the suitability of eachsoftware depending on the different site conditions and input parameters.Once the locations were defined, the input files for every software had to be pre-pared and processed in third software, such as QGis, OpenWind, Global Mapperand text editors in order to be handled in the correct extension for each software.The results indicate that both WindPRO and WindSim manage to estimate thewind resource accurately when the terrain has a low orographic complexity. Inthis case, the linear model, without the ability to model turbulence is as good as thenon-linear model in wind resource estimation terms. Zephy TOOLS overestimatesthe wind speeds in this type of terrain with only 0.40%. For the moderate slope,WindPRO and WindSim differ in only 0.13% while Zephy TOOLS over-predictsagain the wind speed in 0.40%. For the site with complex orography, the threesoftware present a significant difference of the wind estimation of around 1.35m/sbetween the

Teaching and Learning of Fluid Mechanics

This book contains research on the pedagogical aspects of fluid mechanics and includes case studies, lesson plans, articles on historical aspects of fluid mechanics, and novel and interesting experiments and theoretical calculations that convey complex ideas in creative ways. The current volume showcases the teaching practices of fluid dynamicists from different disciplines, ranging from mathematics, physics, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering to chemical engineering. The suitability of these articles ranges from early undergraduate to graduate level courses and can be read by faculty and students alike. We hope this collection will encourage cross-disciplinary pedagogical practices and give students a glimpse of the wide range of applications of fluid dynamics

Craniofacial Growth Series Volume 56

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153991/1/56th volume CF growth series FINAL 02262020.pdfDescription of 56th volume CF growth series FINAL 02262020.pdf : Proceedings of the 46th Annual Moyers Symposium and 44th Moyers Presymposiu