Purchase and Post-Purchase Intentions of Ethical Consumer Behavior

Two main streams of ethical consumer behavior are ethical consumerism and consumer ethics. While ethical consumerism is defined as consumers\u27 decisions and behaviors to satisfy personal needs considering the results of their decisions with regard to environment and society (Ozkan, 2009), consumer ethics focuses on consumers\u27 rightness of certain actions as a buyer during the purchase and post-purchase process (Dodge, Edwards, & Fullerton, 1996)

Catering to Otherness : Levinasian Consumer Ethics at Restaurant Day

There is a rich tradition of inquiry in consumer research into how collective consumption manifests in various forms and contexts. While this literature has shown how group cohesion prescribes ethical and moral positions, our study explores how ethicality can arise from consumers and their relations in a more emergent fashion. To do so, we present a Levinasian perspective on consumer ethics through a focus on Restaurant Day, a global food carnival that is organized by consumers themselves. Our ethnographic findings highlight a non-individualistic way of approaching ethical subjectivity that translates into acts of catering to the needs of other people and the subversion of extant legislation by foregrounding personal responsibility. These findings show that while consumer gatherings provide participants a license to temporarily subvert existing roles, they also allow the possibility of ethical autonomy when the mundane rules of city life are renegotiated. These sensibilities also create ‘ethical surplus’, which is an affective excess of togetherness. In the Levinasian register, Restaurant Day thus acts as an inarticulable ‘remainder’—a trace of the possibility of being able to live otherwise alongside one another in city contexts.Peer reviewe

Unethical consumers: Deshopping behaviour using the qualitative analysis of theory of planned behaviour and accompanied (de)shopping

Purpose Previous research indicates that deshopping is a prevalent and growing consumer behaviour. This paper examines deshopping from a consumer perspective, and applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to demonstrate how this behaviour can be managed and prevented. An accompanied (de)shop is also conducted. This paper also places deshopping within a legal and ethical context, in relation to the established literature in this field. Methodology approach This paper tests the TPB variables in a qualitative way by conducting in-depth interviews with deshoppers, who had completed a quantitative questionnaire. The results further support and enhance the quantitative TPB results collected previously with 535 consumers. An accompanied (de)shop is also reviewed, as this qualitative research technique, enables an enhanced understanding and evidence of the deshopping process, which has not been demonstrated previously. The findings demonstrate support for these qualitative research tool, which enable a deeper understanding of the deshopping process and its management. Findings The findings demonstrate important use of the TPB as a qualitative research technique. The model is also expanded and redesigned by adding additional variables as a result of this research. The accompanied (de)shop findings demonstrate support for this qualitative research tool, which also enables a deeper understanding of the deshopping process and its management. Practical implications The research concludes with the implications of deshopping for the industry and makes recommendations as how to reduce deshopping, as well as recommending the qualitative research techniques utilised to future researchers. Originality This paper has identified the key variables that influence deshopping, and demonstrates that procedures can be designed to reduce this behaviour by manipulating the TPB variables. This paper has also added additional variables to the TPB model, which have proved to be influential in deshopping behaviour, thereby developing theoretical knowledge of TPB. The use of the TPB has also provided a theoretical underpinning to utilising a consumer education program to prevent problem behaviours. This research demonstrates that this could alter deshoppers’ attitudes and subjective norms. This is also the first paper to place deshopping in a legal framework which highlights the legal loopholes in a retailer’s returns policy and the implications of new directives which will influence retailer’s abilities to refuse a return. This paper is also the first to explore deshopping within an ethical framework that has created new knowledge on the unethical consumer in relation to deshopping behaviour. This study also incorporates an accompanied (de)shop methodology; this form of research has never been undertaken in relation to deshopping activity and has generated completely new knowledge of what is happening when the actual behaviour is taking place

Empirical Study of Consumer Ethics: A Comparative Study of Two Firms of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Ethics are very important factor in today business. We have conducted this study to identify consumer ethics and their buying behavior in Particular two Organizations of Faisalabad, to study the consumer ethics we used four different dimensions. The purpose of this paper to find the situation in which consumer behaves unethically in Pakistan. And the result compares with previous consumer ethics researches. It is an exploratory research for the purpose of seeing the consumer ethics. The study shows that different consumers behave differently in term of ethical point of view. Our study shows that customers similar in terms of Machiavellian ism they display. Limitation in this paper is that the study was conducted only in Faisalabad. Another problem is that time; willingness and mood of the customers also affect the responses. This is an exploratory research and the results are not claimed to be generalized. So the further research should be made on social and political problems which affect the ethical behaviours and try to generalize the results

Empirical Study of Consumer Ethics: A Comparative Study of Two Firms of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Ethics are very important factor in today business. We have conducted this study to identify consumer ethics and their buying behavior in Particular two Organizations of Faisalabad, to study the consumer ethics we used four different dimensions. The purpose of this paper to find the situation in which consumer behaves unethically in Pakistan. And the result compares with previous consumer ethics researches. It is an exploratory research for the purpose of seeing the consumer ethics. The study shows that different consumers behave differently in term of ethical point of view. Our study shows that customers similar in terms of Machiavellian ism they display. Limitation in this paper is that the study was conducted only in Faisalabad. Another problem is that time; willingness and mood of the customers also affect the responses. This is an exploratory research and the results are not claimed to be generalized. So the further research should be made on social and political problems which affect the ethical behaviours and try to generalize the results

Conscionable consumption: a feminist grounded theory of porn consumer ethics

Much scholarship on pornography consumption has revolved around porn harms or porn empowerment discourses. Moving away from pro- and anti-porn agendas, the research presented in this thesis was designed as an exploratory, qualitative investigation of consumer experiences of pornography, using grounded theory in an effort to transcend the polarised porn debates. By means of a two-stage data collection process involving an online group activity and in-depth interviews, this research set out to extend our understanding of how feminists experience, understand and articulate their engagements with porn. Grounded theory’s focus on iterative data collection, structured analysis and inductive theory development lent itself to several key aims for this project: (a) eschewing, as far as possible, commonly-held assumptions about the research topic and research subjects; (b) resisting agenda-driven frameworks that seek to validate pro- or anti-porn stances; and (c) allowing for the voices of porn consumers themselves to be heard and taken seriously, in a way that hasn’t tended to be prioritised in pornography effects research or the public arena more widely (Mowlabocus and Wood 2015: 119). The iterative approach to data collection advocated by grounded theory also enabled participants to take a more agentive role in determining the direction of the research. As a result, certain elements of the project took unforeseen trajectories, shedding light on additional substantive areas for inquiry beyond those initially intended. Namely, the study provided key insights into the interaction between ethics and practice in porn consumption amongst London feminists. This gave rise to the development of the 'conscionable consumption' model; a theoretical framework for conceptualising the experiences and processes described. Results indicated that feminists’ experiences of porn consumption were heavily influenced by their beliefs about what constituted ‘ethical enough’ (conscionable). These were accompanied by contemplative moments, whose nature tended to correlate with the degree to which the individual felt they had strayed from their own conceptions of conscionable practice, and the degree to which these decisions could be justified or dismissed afterwards. Respondents described an interactive relationship between such reflections and future intentions and/or attitudes, illustrating a cycle of evolving and adapting behaviour complemented by fluctuating definitions of conscionability. In this way, rather than referring to an achieved or failed ‘ethical consumer’ status, the porn ethics project was conceptualised as an ongoing process of ‘conscionable’ negotiation. Such findings enhance our understanding of the ways in which ethics and porn use are woven together and navigated by feminist consumers of pornography, whilst simultaneously extending our knowledge of a demographic hitherto unexplored within both the fields of porn studies and consumer ethics research alike. Keywords: feminism, pornography, consumer ethics, conscionable consumptio

Attitudes towards shoplifting: a preliminary cross-cultural study of consumers

Shoplifting has a substantial impact on retailers, consumers and wider society, yet we know very little about people‟s attitudes towards this behaviour, especially from a non-Western perspective. A better understanding of consumer misbehaviour in Arabic countries would therefore be of particular interest as such societies represent a new market for global retailers. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to explore the initial results of consumers‟ attitudes towards shoplifting from a cross-cultural perspective. Preliminary analysis of 529 questionnaire responses from UK, US and Libyan consumers finds that attitudes towards shoplifting are broadly similar despite the different cultural and retail contexts. However, on closer inspection these findings suggest interesting disparities between the countries in relation to attitudes towards the consequences of shoplifting, the impact it has on the social networks of the perpetrator and whether the demographics of the shoplifter play a role in the decision to punish the offender

An Exploratory Study into the Factors Impeding Ethical Consumption

Although consumers are increasingly engaged with ethical factors when forming opinions about products and making purchase decisions, recent studies have highlighted significant differences between consumers’ intentions to consume ethically, and their actual purchase behaviour. This article contributes to an understanding of this “ethical purchasing gap” through a review of existing literature, and the inductive analysis of focus group discussions. A model is suggested which includes exogenous variables such as moral maturity and age which have been well covered in the literature, together with further impeding factors identified from the focus group discussions. For some consumers, inertia in purchasing behaviour was such that the decision-making process was devoid of ethical considerations. Several manifested their ethical views through post-purchase dissonance and retrospective feelings of guilt. Others displayed a reluctance to consume ethically due to personal constraints, a perceived negative impact on image or quality, or an outright negation of responsibility. Those who expressed a desire to consume ethically often seemed deterred by cynicism, which caused them to question the impact they, as an individual, could achieve. These findings enhance the understanding of ethical consumption decisions and provide a platform for future research in this area

Arabic social and cultural influences on aberrant consumer behaviour: an exploratory study of Libyan marketers

This paper examines the effect of Arabic social and cultural factors on adopting aberrant consumer behaviour (ACB) in Libya. The data was collected by conducting personal interviews with 26 marketers in Libya. The findings indicate that the Arabic social and cultural environment enforces some limitations on ACB control and prevention practices. These limitations have provided an opportunity for some Libyan consumers to engage in ACB. However, this paper goes on to explore some unique alternative ACB controlling and preventative practices used by Libyan marketers which are considered socially acceptable