Pengaruh Perceived Social Support Terhadap Posttraumatic Growth Pada Remaja Korban Cyberbullying

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perceived social support dan posttraumatic growth pada remaja korban cyberbullying. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 298 remaja berusia 15-24 tahun yang menjadi korban cyberbullying. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) dan Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan pengaruh dukungan sosial yang dirasakan dan pertumbuhan pasca trauma pada remaja korban cyberbullying. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai F = 304,326 dengan p < 0,05, yang memiliki arti bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif signifikan perceived social support terhadap posttraumatic growth pada remaja korban cyberbullying. Perceived social support berpengaruh terhadap posttraumatic growth pada remaja korban cyberbullying sebesar 50,7%. Kata kunci: perceived social support, posttraumatic growth, remaja korban cyberbullying. Abstract This study aims to determine the role of perceived social support on posttraumatic growth in adolescent victims of cyberbullying. The sample in this study amounted to 298 adolescents aged 15-24 who have experienced trauma as a result of being victims of cyberbullying. The research method used is a quantitative method. The data analysis used in this research is relationship analysis. This study uses the Indonesian version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) dan The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The results of this study found that there is a positive effect of perceived social support to posttraumatic growth in adolescent victims of cyberbullying. The results showed that the value of F = 304,326 with p < 0,05, which means that there is a significant positive effect of perceived social support on post-traumatic growth in adolescent victims of cyberbullying. Perceived social support has an effect on posttraumatic growth in adolescent victims of cyberbullying by 50.7%. Keywords: perceived social support, posttraumatic growth, adolescent victims of cyberbullying

Systematic review of empirical studies on cyberbullying in adults: What we know and what we should investigate

[EN]Cyberbullying is a worldwide phenomenon and most of our knowledge comes from studies with adolescent and younger populations. Adult populations have received scarce attention. The present study is a systematic review of empirical academic papers on cyberbullying in the adult population. An online databases search (CINHAL, PsycInfo, ERIC, Medline, Pubmed, and Web of Science) identified 3,986 references that, in successive steps, were reduced to 90 studies published between 2004-2016 that met the inclusion criteria. Each study was analyzed regarding topic, methods, ages, and other general characteristics. In addition, the measures used to assess cyberbullying, the impact of cyberbullying, and the different roles of those involved in the studies with adult population were explored. Results showed that there is a need for studies conducted in locations other than university settings and that the variety of measures, as well as the different criteria utilized to identify the cyberbullied, cyberbullies, and bystanders makes it difficult to compare findings. There is a need for longitudinal studies and for evidence-based practices to deal with these violent and aggressive behaviors

To Intervene or not to Intervene:Young adults’ views on When and How to Intervene in Online Harassment

Incidents of online harassment are increasing and can have significant consequences for victims. Witnesses (‘digital bystanders’) can be crucial in identifying and challenging harassment. This study considered when and how young adults intervene online, with the aim of understanding the applicability of existing theoretical models (i.e., Bystander Intervention Model; Response Decision-Making Framework). Thematic analysis of eight focus groups (UK community sample, N=67, 18-25 years) resulted in five themes: Noticing and Interpreting the Harassment, Perceived Responsibility for Helping, Consequences of Intervening, Perceived Ability to Make a Difference, and Deciding How to Help. The online context amplified offline preferences, such as greater preference for anonymity and perceived costs of intervention (e.g., social costs). Intervention strategies varied in visibility and effort, preferring ‘indirect’ micro-interventions focused on supporting victims. A new, merged model specific to digital bystanders is proposed, with implications for the design and messaging on Social Networking Sites (SNS) discussed

A Systematic Literature Review on Cyberbullying in Social Media: Taxonomy, Detection Approaches, Datasets, And Future Research Directions

In the area of Natural Language Processing, sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, aims to extract human thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions from unstructured texts. In the light of social media's rapid growth and the influx of individual comments, reviews and feedback, it has evolved as an attractive, challenging research area. It is one of the most common problems in social media to find toxic textual content.&nbsp; Anonymity and concealment of identity are common on the Internet for people coming from a wide range of diversity of cultures and beliefs. Having freedom of speech, anonymity, and inadequate social media regulations make cyber toxic environment and cyberbullying significant issues, which require a system of automatic detection and prevention. As far as this is concerned, diverse research is taking place based on different approaches and languages, but a comprehensive analysis to examine them from all angles is lacking. This systematic literature review is therefore conducted with the aim of surveying the research and studies done to date on classification of&nbsp; cyberbullying based in textual modality by the research community. It states the definition, , taxonomy, properties, outcome of cyberbullying, roles in cyberbullying&nbsp; along with other forms of bullying and different offensive behavior in social media. This article also shows the latest popular benchmark datasets on cyberbullying, along with their number of classes (Binary/Multiple), reviewing the state-of-the-art methods to detect cyberbullying and abusive content on social media and discuss the factors that drive offenders to indulge in offensive activity, preventive actions to avoid online toxicity, and various cyber laws in different countries. Finally, we identify and discuss the challenges, solutions, additionally future research directions that serve as a reference to overcome cyberbullying in social media

Criminalization of Cyberbullying: The Constitutionality of Creatingan Online Neverland for Children Under a Tinker-Bell Analysis

The article focuses on criminal cyberbullying statute of Louisiana and significance of the fundamental right of free speech in the U.S. and exceptions to First Amendment protections recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court and changes to constitutional protection for children

I’ll be there for you? The bystander intervention model and cyber aggression

The Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) has been validated for face-to-face emergencies and dictates that observers’ decision to intervene hinges on five sequential steps, while barriers block progress between steps. The current study is the first, to our knowledge, to apply the BIM in its entirety to cyber aggression and explore the ways that individual factors such as experiences with depression, social anxiety, and cyber aggression either as the target or the aggressor influence bystanders. In our pre-registered study, emerging adults (N = 1,093) viewed pilot-tested cyber aggressive content and reported how they would engage with each of the steps and barriers of the BIM, if they were observing this content as a bystander in real life. Regarding the actions they would take, most participants chose non-intervention (36.3%) or private direct intervention (39.4%). Path analysis suggested that overall, the BIM can explain bystanders’ responses to cyber aggression. Nonetheless, there were some discrepancies with prior work on face-to-face emergencies, specifically that cyber bystander intervention does not appear to be as linear. As well, in contrast to the face-to-face applications of the BIM that prescribes barriers to affect only a single specific step, here we found some barriers were negatively linked to multiple steps. These findings elucidate ways in which cyber aggression in the online context may be similar to, as well as different from, aggression that occurs face-to-face. Implications of these findings for interventions are discussed

The Dangerous Side of Social Media: Manipulating Bystander Aggression and Support to Cyberbullying Victims Through an Application of Side

Cyberbullying constitutes a complex social problem that is understudied among college students. A crucial factor contributing to the severity of cyberbullying is the level of bystander (un) involvement, or individuals who witness cyberbullying. A possible explanation for the different behaviors of bystanders is found in the theory of the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE), which suggests that CMC alters perceptions of the self and others. The current investigation (n = 442) employs an experimental design testing the SIDE model and predicted that individuals in more anonymous conditions would be more likely to adopt a disconfirming or a confirming group norm in the context of an online discussion group. A total of 442 college students participated in the study. Results suggest that the group norm significantly impacts how individuals respond to a cyberbullying victim. Implications of this result and information on the prevalence of cyberbullying in college are discussed. Suggestions for cyberbullying interventions based on these findings are offered

The wild wild web: anonymity and racial prejudice in online culture

Master of ScienceDepartment of Psychological SciencesDonald A. SaucierResearch has shown people view some anonymous communication as less honest (e.g., Bergstrom, 2011), but some as more honest (e.g., Sticca & Perren, 2012), than identifiable communication. This discrepancy may be due to whether the target of a post is a group of people or an individual. Across two studies, I examined the effects of specificity of target on perceptions of honesty in prejudiced speech by manipulating whether posts appeared to be posted anonymously/identifiably and whether the content targeted a racial group/named individual in a counterbalanced within-groups design. In Study 2, I also manipulated whether posts were public/private messages. Generally, posts targeting individuals were rated as equally racist, but more honest, than posts targeting groups. Additionally, public anonymous posts were rated as less honest than other posts. These studies imply people may disregard anonymous expressions of prejudice, dismissing them as dishonest. These studies demonstrate that many people may not take anonymous online prejudiced rhetoric seriously, which could foster toxic online environments conducive to incitements of real-world violence against marginalized groups

Social (media) vigilantes: Effects of social vigilantism and anonymity on online confrontations of prejudice

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological SciencesDonald A SaucierResearch has focused on how anonymity affects perceptions of prejudice online (e.g., Lawless & Saucier, submitted a), but it is possible individual differences like Social Vigilantism (SV), the tendency to impress one’s beliefs onto others, also affect these perceptions (Saucier & Webster, 2010). In Study 1, SV is measured and participants see mock prejudiced posts in a within-groups 2(anonymous/identifiable) x 2(including/not including comments confronting posts) design and rate perceptions of posts (e.g., The person who posted this is racist). Study 2 uses the same methods as Study 1 but asks participants how they would interact with posts. It is shown that SV is associated with more confrontation of prejudice because SV is associated with counterarguing. It is also demonstrated that anonymity of platform affects the results such that posts on identifiable platforms receive more interactions because they are seen as more honest