Last-mile logistics optimization in the on-demand economy

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Mixing quantitative and qualitative methods for sustainable transportation in Smart Cities

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

A Managerial Analysis of Urban Parcel Delivery: A Lean Business Approach

The improper integration of traditional transportation modes with low emissions vehicles can generate a price war that reduces the service quality, undermining the efficiency and the profitability of parcel delivery operators. This paper aims to provide managerial insights to design a win-win strategy for the co-existence of traditional and green business models. In doing so, we adopt a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates a qualitative analysis through a Lean Business methodology, named GUEST, with a quantitative analysis based on simulation-optimisation techniques. This kind of holistic vision has received little attention in the literature. The first analysis investigates the parcel delivery industry with an emphasis on the main business models involved, their costs and revenues structures, while the quantitative part aims to simulate the system and extract sustainable policies. In particular, results highlight that in deploying mixed-fleet policies, the decision-makers have to focus both on the environmental sustainability that benefits from the adoption of low-emission vehicles, and on the operational feasibility and economic sustainability of the two services. In this direction, the paper suggests some managerial insights concerning the split of the customer demand between traditional and green operators, according to the classes of parcels and geographical areas of the city

Smart logistics : sustainable technological innovations in customer service at the last-mile stage : the Polish perspective

The present day is marked by the economic expansiveness of societies and the adoption and adaptation of intelligent technologies. In this hyper-world, customers expect a personalized offer enhanced with customized service, which results in the introduction of sustainable and intelligent solutions—among other services. What becomes important is not so much the "Primum non nocere" of creation as much as the "go smart to the future" in creating. The smart logistics concept is a representation of this trend. The subject of the article is an analysis of the impact of the application of the smart idea in the field of sustainable development on changes in logistics in customer service at the last-mile stage. The source of this article is exploratory research of secondary sources, including books, articles, and reports, which has been subjected to a critical content analysis. The obtained results made it possible to design and implement an explanatory study of online-buying habits of people based on the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) methodology. The collected material has become the basis for the authors to indicate the applicability of smart logistics in the field of last-mile logistics, which can be used by researchers and training institutions in the field of professionalization of management of intelligent logistics processes in customer service at the last-mile stage. The last-mile service in logistics involves reaching the largest possible number of recipients, however, it has a negative impact on the natural environment, which, of course, contradicts the concept of sustainable development, including trends that are noticeable in the logistics market, customers, and in the law. Hence, it is important to look for solutions that allow us to achieve the appropriate level of customer service in the last mile, but at the same time, take care of the natural environment. The study was narrowed down to the Polish perspective due to the growing demand for last-mile logistics services. Moreover, Poland is still a country where the concept of sustainable development is not fully understood and used. The research allowed us to indicate the directions of development of the last-mile service processes by considering the technological innovations that may support the application of the concept of sustainable development

Crowd Logistics: A Survey of Successful Applications and Implementation Potential in Northern Italy

Nowadays, last-mile logistics represents the least efficient stage of supply chains, covering up to 28% of the total delivery cost and causing significant environmental emissions. In the last few years, a wide range of collaborative economy business models has emerged across the globe, rapidly changing the way services were traditionally provided and consumed. Crowd logistics (CL) is a new strategy for supporting fast shipping services, entrusting the management of the last-mile delivery to the crowd, i.e., normal people, who agree to deliver goods to customers located along the route they have to travel, using their own transport means, in exchange for a small reward. Most existing studies have focused on evaluating the opportunities and challenges provided by CL through theoretical analysis and literature reviews, while others have proposed models for designing such emerging distribution networks. However, papers analyzing real successful applications of CL worldwide are lacking, despite being in high demand. This study attempted to fill this gap by providing, at first, an overview of real CL applications around the globe to set the stage for future successful implementations. Then, the implementation potential of CL in northern Italy was assessed through a structured questionnaire delivered to a panel of 214 people from the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (Italy) to map the feasibility of a crowd-based system in this area. The results revealed that about 91% of the interviewees were interested in using this emerging delivery system, while the remaining respondents showed some concern about the protection of their privacy and the safeguarding of the goods during transport. A relevant percentage of the interviewees were available to join the system as occasional drivers (ODs), with a compensation policy preference for a fixed fee per delivery rather than a variable reward based on the extra distance traveled to deliver the goods

NETWORK DESIGN FOR THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL COLLABORATION WITH SERVICE CLASS IN DELIVERY SERVICES

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted e-commerce and the delivery service sector. As lockdowns and social distancing measures were put in place to slow the spread of the virus, many brick-and-mortar stores were forced to close, leading to an increase in online shopping. This situation led to a surge in demand for delivery services as more people turned to the internet to purchase goods. However, this increase in demand also created several challenges for delivery companies. They experienced delays in delivering packages due to increased volume, limited staff, and disruptions to supply chains. It led to more competition and increased pressure on delivery companies to improve their services and delivery times. To overcome such competition, collaboration among small and medium-sized delivery companies can be a good way to compete with larger delivery companies. By working together, small and medium-sized companies can combine their resources and expertise to offer more extensive coverage and competitive prices than they could individually. This can help them to gain market share and expand their customer base. This study proposes a network design model for collaboration with service class in delivery services considering multi-time horizon. The problem to be considered is deciding which company is dedicated to delivering certain types of items, such as regular or refrigerated items, in designated regions in each time horizon. During the agreed-upon timeframe, the companies operate, using each other's infrastructure (such as vehicles and facilities) and sharing delivery centers for the coalition's benefit to improve efficiency and reduce costs. We also propose a multi-objective, nonlinear programming model that maximizes the incremental profit of participating companies and a linearization methodology to solve it. The max-sum criterion and Shapley value allocation methods are applied to find the best solution and ensure a fair distribution of profits among the collaborating group. The efficiency of the suggested model is shown through a numerical illustration

Cost and Performance Optimisation in the Technological Phase of Parcel Delivery – A Literature Review

The present review paper provides a systematic insight into the studies published so far when it comes to the research on the cost and performance optimisation in the parcel delivery phase. Globalisation, as well as the new trends, such as selling online, directly influences the demands for the delivery of goods. Demand for the delivery of goods proportionally affects the transport prices. A great majority of deliveries is carried out in densely populated urban areas. In terms of costs, the greatest part in the courier organisations costs is observed in the technological phase of parcel delivery, which is at the same time the least efficient. For that reason, significant improvement of performance and cost optimisation in the very delivery phase is a rather challenging field for the researchers. New algorithm-based technologies, innovations in the logistics and outsourcing of individual technological phases are ways by means of which one strives to enhance the delivery efficiency, to improve performance and quality, but also - to optimise the costs in the last phase of delivery. The aim of the present paper is to offer a systematic review into the most recent research in the field of technology, innovations and outsourcing models with the aim of reducing the cost and enhancing the productivity and quality in parcel delivery

Collaborative urban transportation : Recent advances in theory and practice

We thank the Leibniz Association for sponsoring the Dagstuhl Seminar 16091, at which the work presented here was initiated. We also thank Leena Suhl for her comments on an early version of this work. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments.Peer reviewedPostprin