Using Machine Learning to Determine the Motorist Somnolence

Traffic accidents pose an increasing threat to society, and researchers are dedicated to preventing accidents and reducing fatalities, as highlighted by the World Health Organ-ization. One significant cause of accidents is drowsy driving, which often leads to severe injuries and loss of life. The objective of this research is to create a fatigue detection sys-tem that can effectively minimize accidents associated with exhaustion. The system uti-lizes facial recognition technology to identify drowsy drivers by analyzing eye patterns through video processing. When the level of fatigue surpasses a predetermined thresh-old, the system alerts the driver and adjusts the vehicle's acceleration accordingly. The implementation of OpenCv libraries, such as Haar-cascade, along with Raspberry Pi fa-cilitates seamless integration of the system. This dissertation evaluates advancements in computational engineering for the development of a fatigue detection system to miti-gate accidents caused by drowsiness. It offers valuable insights and recommendations to enhance comprehension and optimize the system's effectiveness, ultimately leading to safer road travel

Engineering data compendium. Human perception and performance. User's guide

The concept underlying the Engineering Data Compendium was the product of a research and development program (Integrated Perceptual Information for Designers project) aimed at facilitating the application of basic research findings in human performance to the design and military crew systems. The principal objective was to develop a workable strategy for: (1) identifying and distilling information of potential value to system design from the existing research literature, and (2) presenting this technical information in a way that would aid its accessibility, interpretability, and applicability by systems designers. The present four volumes of the Engineering Data Compendium represent the first implementation of this strategy. This is the first volume, the User's Guide, containing a description of the program and instructions for its use

Designing Improved Sediment Transport Visualizations

Monitoring, or more commonly, modeling of sediment transport in the coastal environment is a critical task with relevance to coastline stability, beach erosion, tracking environmental contaminants, and safety of navigation. Increased intensity and regularity of storms such as Superstorm Sandy heighten the importance of our understanding of sediment transport processes. A weakness of current modeling capabilities is the ability to easily visualize the result in an intuitive manner. Many of the available visualization software packages display only a single variable at once, usually as a two-dimensional, plan-view cross-section. With such limited display capabilities, sophisticated 3D models are undermined in both the interpretation of results and dissemination of information to the public. Here we explore a subset of existing modeling capabilities (specifically, modeling scour around man-made structures) and visualization solutions, examine their shortcomings and present a design for a 4D visualization for sediment transport studies that is based on perceptually-focused data visualization research and recent and ongoing developments in multivariate displays. Vector and scalar fields are co-displayed, yet kept independently identifiable utilizing human perception\u27s separation of color, texture, and motion. Bathymetry, sediment grain-size distribution, and forcing hydrodynamics are a subset of the variables investigated for simultaneous representation. Direct interaction with field data is tested to support rapid validation of sediment transport model results. Our goal is a tight integration of both simulated data and real world observations to support analysis and simulation of the impact of major sediment transport events such as hurricanes. We unite modeled results and field observations within a geodatabase designed as an application schema of the Arc Marine Data Model. Our real-world focus is on the Redbird Artificial Reef Site, roughly 18 nautical miles offshor- Delaware Bay, Delaware, where repeated surveys have identified active scour and bedform migration in 27 m water depth amongst the more than 900 deliberately sunken subway cars and vessels. Coincidently collected high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, backscatter, and side-scan sonar data from surface and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) systems along with complementary sub-bottom, grab sample, bottom imagery, and wave and current (via ADCP) datasets provide the basis for analysis. This site is particularly attractive due to overlap with the Delaware Bay Operational Forecast System (DBOFS), a model that provides historical and forecast oceanographic data that can be tested in hindcast against significant changes observed at the site during Superstorm Sandy and in predicting future changes through small-scale modeling around the individual reef objects

An assessment model and implementation of stereo image quality

In the past decade, many display hardware manufacturers have initiated research into the construction of stereo display devices. Currently, the use of such displays is limited to the computer-aided design; research, military and medical applications. However, it is anticipated that as display hardware becomes cheaper, gaming companies and desktop application software developers will realise the potential of using stereo to provide more realistic user experiences. To provide realistic stereo user experience it is necessary to utilise good quality stereo images in addition to suitable hardware. The growth of the Internet has resulted in an increase in the availability of stereo images. However, most have been captured using uncontrolled procedures and have questionable quality. The quality of stereo images is important since the viewing of poor quality stereo images can result in adverse viewing effects. A formal definition of stereo quality has not been achieved in current day research. This means that the factors which cause a stereo image to be perceived as poor quality have not been defined nor is a system available to detect its occurrence. This thesis attempts to address this problem by postulating a definition of stereo image quality based on detecting level of excess disparity levels, intensity differences and the occurrence of frame cancellation. An implementation system able to detect these identified factors is discussed and formulated. The developed system is utilised to test 14 stereo images of varying quality levels. The results of these tests are reported and are used to evaluated and refine the system. Using this image analysis, benchmarks for natural intensity difference in images, changes due to JPEG compression and comparisons with generated and ground truth disparity maps are formulated. Additionally, a

Ground-based hyperspectral analysis of the urban nightscape

Airborne hyperspectral cameras provide the basic information to estimate the energy wasted skywards by outdoor lighting systems, as well as to locate and identify their sources. However, a complete characterization of the urban light pollution levels also requires evaluating these effects from the city dwellers standpoint, e.g. the energy waste associated to the excessive illuminance on walls and pavements, light trespass, or the luminance distributions causing potential glare, to mention but a few. On the other hand, the spectral irradiance at the entrance of the human eye is the primary input to evaluate the possible health effects associated with the exposure to artificial light at night, according to the more recent models available in the literature. In this work we demonstrate the possibility of using a hyperspectral imager (routinely used in airborne campaigns) to measure the ground-level spectral radiance of the urban nightscape and to retrieve several magnitudes of interest for light pollution studies. We also present the preliminary results from a field campaign carried out in the downtown of Barcelona.Postprint (author's final draft

Eye Tracking: A Perceptual Interface for Content Based Image Retrieval

In this thesis visual search experiments are devised to explore the feasibility of an eye gaze driven search mechanism. The thesis first explores gaze behaviour on images possessing different levels of saliency. Eye behaviour was predominantly attracted by salient locations, but appears to also require frequent reference to non-salient background regions which indicated that information from scan paths might prove useful for image search. The thesis then specifically investigates the benefits of eye tracking as an image retrieval interface in terms of speed relative to selection by mouse, and in terms of the efficiency of eye tracking mechanisms in the task of retrieving target images. Results are analysed using ANOVA and significant findings are discussed. Results show that eye selection was faster than a computer mouse and experience gained during visual tasks carried out using a mouse would benefit users if they were subsequently transferred to an eye tracking system. Results on the image retrieval experiments show that users are able to navigate to a target image within a database confirming the feasibility of an eye gaze driven search mechanism. Additional histogram analysis of the fixations, saccades and pupil diameters in the human eye movement data revealed a new method of extracting intentions from gaze behaviour for image search, of which the user was not aware and promises even quicker search performances. The research has two implications for Content Based Image Retrieval: (i) improvements in query formulation for visual search and (ii) new methods for visual search using attentional weighting. Futhermore it was demonstrated that users are able to find target images at sufficient speeds indicating that pre-attentive activity is playing a role in visual search. A current review of eye tracking technology, current applications, visual perception research, and models of visual attention is discussed. A review of the potential of the technology for commercial exploitation is also presented

APPLICATION OF THE ARTEC EVA SCANNER FOR ORTHOTICS IN PRACTICE

Tento článok sa týka spôsobov, ktoré sú k dispozícii na skeneri Artec Eva v oblasti protetiky a protetiky so zameraním na tvár a krk. Metodika je rozdelená do 5 základných skupín - príprava prostredia, skener, predmety, skenovanie a 3D modely. Praktická časť obsahuje 3D vybrané vybrané objekty, ktoré obsahujú ukážky iných druhov, konkrétne oblasti dosahu vlasov, brady a oblasti očí