Bibliographic modelling of transmedia resources

Tema rada je mogućnost poboljšanja bibliografske organizacije informacija o transmediju u okviru dvaju konceptualnih modela bibliografskih podataka, FRBR-Library Reference Model (FRBR-LRM) i FRBRoo. Transmedij je prijenos dijelova iste sadržajne cjeline kroz različite medije (npr. književni tekst, film, strip itd.), koji moţe uključivati i interaktivne objekte, događaje i tehnologije. Ključni elementi bibliografske organizacije transmedija su okupljanje dijelova transmedijske cjeline i ekspliciranje odnosa među njima. Međutim, zbog svoje složene strukture transmedij predstavlja izazov za uvriježene bibliografske standarde, formate i radne procese. Stoga se u radu istražuju mogućnosti koje navedeni konceptualni modeli pružaju za bolju organizaciju i prikaz transmedijske građe u knjižničnim katalozima i drugim bibliografskim informacijskim sustavima. Ujedno je cilj rada vrednovati modele iz perspektive konzumenata transmedija. Pritom se uzimaju u obzir razlike između dvaju modela u formalnom jeziku, namjeni i stupnju apstrakcije. FRBR-LRM je model entiteta i odnosa čiji je cilj prikazati logičku strukturu bibliografskog univerzuma na visokoj razini apstrakcije. FRBRoo je nastao harmonizacijom modela FR-obitelji (prethodnika FRBR-LRM-a) s konceptualnim modelom za dokumentaciju kulturne baštine CIDOC CRM, od kojega je naslijedio formalni jezik (objektno orijentirani model), niži stupanj apstrakcije u odnosu na FRBR-LRM te usmjerenost na modeliranje procesa i zbivanja. U istraživanju se nastoji utvrditi koja su svojstva transmedija važna za bibliografsku organizaciju, kako bi se ispitalo mogu li se uklopiti u semantičku strukturu modela FRBR-LRM i FRBRoo. Istraživanje se temelji na metodi konceptualnog modeliranja podataka, a metodološki je smješteno unutar interpretivističke ili subjektivističke paradigme. To znači da se univerzum diskursa (područje stvarnog svijeta prikazano u modelu) promatra kao konstrukt koji ovisi o iskustvima i očekivanjima promatrača, dok se modeliranje ne shvaća kao opis objektivne stvarnosti, već kao postupak kojim se entiteti i njihovi odnosi konstruiraju u skladu s potrebama korisnika informacijskog sustava na temelju unaprijed utvrđenih ciljeva. Stoga je analiza zahtjeva, faza modeliranja u kojoj se identificiraju potrebe i ciljevi, u radu provedena kao kvalitativno fenomenografsko istraţivanje u kojemu su sudionici u obliku pojmovne mape trebali prikazati vlastiti primjer transmedija, uključujući najvažnije elemente i odnose među njima. Sudionici su također trebali sortirati karte s imenima stvarnih i fiktivnih osoba vezanih uz svijet Harryja Pottera. Cilj je bio steći uvid u način na koji sudionici kategoriziraju fikcionalne likove kao autore, s obzirom da se takva vrsta fiktivnog autorstva često primjenjuje kao strategija širenja transmedijskog narativa. Entiteti, atributi i odnosi modela FRBR-LRM korišteni su kao kategorije u analizi sadržaja pojmovnih mapa. Zaključeno je da se temeljna struktura modela, koja se sastoji od entiteta djelo, izraz, pojavni oblik i primjerak, podudara se s tipičnom strukturom transmedija. Najzastupljeniji elementi u pojmovnim mapama su oni vezani uz djelo, tj. priču (predmet, likovi, mjesto radnje itd.). Razmotrene su mogućnosti okupljanja i identifikacije transmedijske cjeline kao naddjela te mogućnosti bibliografskog modeliranja efemernih interaktivnih i/ili izvedbenih događaja poput igara uloga uživo, koji se često javljaju kao samostalne transmedijske cjeline ili dijelovi većih cjelina. Istražene su mogućnosti koje FRBRoo pruža za modeliranje nastanka transmedijskog narativa, s obzirom da s definicija transmedija često temelji na specifičnom procesu nastanka naspram srodnih praksi poput adaptacija ili aproprijacije sadržaja (fan fiction). Oba modela nude više načina modeliranja stvarateljske uloge fikcionalnih likova, ali u kontekstu teme ovog rada nijedan u potpunosti ne zadovoljava, budući da modeli kao predmet normativnog nadzora nad imenima ne izdvajaju bibliografski identitet (konceptualnu razinu), već entitete nomen (leksičku razinu) ili osobu (razinu stvarnog svijeta). Zaključno su razmotrene analogije između transmedija i mogućih smjerova razvoja bibliografske organizacije.The thesis seeks to explore how bibliographic organization of transmedia resources can be improved within the framework provided by conceptual data models FRBR-LRM and FRBRoo. Transmedia is a set of techniques that use multiple media to create a single narrative. It can include well-known media such as (literary) texts, films, graphic novels etc., but also interactive objects, events and technologies. The key elements of bibliographic organization of transmedia consist in collocating parts that constitute a transmedia whole and explicating their relationships to the user. However, standards, formats, and workflows in library cataloguing often fail to support complex bibliographic structures typical of transmedia. The thesis therefore explores the possibilities offered by FRBR-LRM and FRBRoo to improve the organization and representation of transmedia resources in library catalogues and other discovery systems, while also evaluating the models from the perspective of transmedia consumers. In such a research, differences between the two models concerning their formal language, purpose, and level of abstraction have to be taken into account. FRBR-LRM is a high-level entity-relationship model that aims to represent the semantic structure of the bibliographic universe, whereas FRBRoo is the result of the harmonisation between FR-family of models (predecessors of FRBR-LRM) and the conceptual model for cultural heritage information CIDOC CRM. As a consequence, it inherits from CIDOC CRM both the object-oriented modelling language and the level of abstraction, as well as its focus on time aspect, i.e. processes and events. In the research, characteristics of transmedia resources that are relevant for bibliographic organization are identified and translated into the semantic framework of the models. The method used is conceptual data modelling, viewed within the interpretivist or subjectivist paradigm, which means that Universe of discourse (i.e. the domain to be modelled) is recognised as a construct shaped by expectations and experiences of observers. Consequently, the modelling process is seen not as a description of objective reality, but rather as a design of entities and relationships according to the users' specific needs and goals. The phase in the modelling process that aims to determine these needs and goals is known as requirements analysis. In the thesis the requirements analysis is conducted as a phenomenographic research, during which the participants were asked to choose an example of transmedia and represent it as a concet map, including the most important elements and their relationships. The participants were also tasked with sorting the names of real and fictitious persons associated with the Harry Potter world into categories. The goal of the sorting task was to find out how participants categorise fictional characters purported as authors, since this is a strategy often used as a way of expanding transmedia narratives. The participants' concept maps are analysed using FRBR-LRM entities, attributes and relationships as coding categories. The basic structure of the model, consisting of entities work, expression, manifestation, and item, is found to be analogous to a typical transmedia structure. Information about the work, i.e. story (subject, characters, setting, etc.) is found to be the most represented element in the maps. The possibilities of organizing and identifying a transmedia text as a superwork are discussed, as well as the possibilities of modelling time-based interactive activities such as live action role-playing that are often part of transmedia narratives. FRBRoo is found to be appropriate for modelling of creation processes associated with transmedia stories, which is important since the definition of transmedia is often based on its specific creation process opposed to the related practices such as adaptations or content appropriation (e.g. fan fiction). Both models provide more than one way to model fictional characters as creators, but in the context of the thesis' subject none of them is completely satisfying. The reason is that the models do not recognise conceptual entities as the central point of name authority control, focusing on lexical entities (nomen) and real-world entities (persons) instead. In the conclusion, analogies between transmedia practice and possible future directions in bibliographic organisation are considered

Crossing media boundaries: adaptations and new media forms of the book

t is necessary to continuously review the definition of the book moving from one bound by its material form to one determined by its function as a means of communication. The book’s social function as the high status vehicle for communicating new ideas and cultural expressions is being challenged by sophisticated systems of conveying meaning in other media. In this article, we report on two projects: electronic book (e-book) publication and reader forum for Nature Mage and the transmedia augmented reality (AR) fiction Sherwood Rise, which investigate these issues. Claudio Pires Franco’s work is based on the adaptation of a source work: Duncan Pile’s Nature Mage. The project aims to develop the book from e-book to a fan-produced enhanced digital book. Through this practice-based research, Franco investigates the definitions and classification of the e and i forms of the book and adaptation in new media; the role of the author in creative collaboration with readers through online forums; the extension of the story world through creative collaboration and reader participation while respecting and safeguarding creative properties. One remove from the traditional book, David Miller’s Sherwood Rise, research the user experience with AR to examine narrative problems and explore new storytelling aesthetics. These new media forms define the outer borders of the book system within which content is formed and moulded, and around which society is shaped

Gender in Science and Technology: Interdisciplinary Approaches

What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical findings in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. The authors, coming from computer science, social sciences, or cultural studies of science, discuss how to ask questions about gender and give examples for the application in interdisciplinary research, development and teaching. Topics range from the design of information and communication technologies, epistemologies of biology and chemistry to teaching mathematics and professional processes in engineering

Gender in Science and Technology

What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical findings in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. The authors, coming from computer science, social sciences, or cultural studies of science, discuss how to ask questions about gender and give examples for the application in interdisciplinary research, development and teaching. Topics range from the design of information and communication technologies, epistemologies of biology and chemistry to teaching mathematics and professional processes in engineering. Contributions by Anne Balsamo, Wendy Faulkner, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Barbara Orland, Els Rommes, and others

Digital journalism: 25 years of research. Review article

In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality and common practice in professional and academic circles. Based on an extensive bibliographic review, this article examines the main areas of academic research related to digital media at the global level in the last quarter of a century. It shows the lines of research on the history of journalism on the Internet, the forms of digital media, their languages and economic challenges. It also reviews the most widespread research theories and methods. The analysis confirms that research on digital journalism is a strong, ongoing discipline, despite the fact that several methodological and thematic challenges will need to be addressed in the next few years

Gender in Science and Technology

What role does gender play in scientific research and the development of technologies? This book provides methodological expertise, research experiences and empirical findings in the dynamic field of Science and Technology Studies. The authors, coming from computer science, social sciences, or cultural studies of science, discuss how to ask questions about gender and give examples for the application in interdisciplinary research, development and teaching. Topics range from the design of information and communication technologies, epistemologies of biology and chemistry to teaching mathematics and professional processes in engineering. Contributions by Anne Balsamo, Wendy Faulkner, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Barbara Orland, Els Rommes, and others

Digital Data and Semantic Simulation—The Survey of the Ruins of the Convent of the Paolotti (12th Century A.D.)

In the presence of architecturally significant ruins, restoring and disseminating the idea of a testimony that has survived the destructive work of time is a cultural and social necessity that the use of advanced methods and tools allows to communicate in a timely and comprehensive manner. The integration of 3D surveying techniques and digital information production and management processes (graphic and alphanumeric, i.e., geometric information) makes it possible to put in place multifaceted and effective strategies. The article aims at describing the process of data acquisition (using applied photogrammetry) of the remains of a medieval cloister located on the outskirts of ancient Oppido Mamertina (RC, Italy). The use of the acquired point cloud, cleaned and optimised, made it possible to extract suitable orthophotos from which to derive the matrix profiles of the vaulted roof system. The information organisation of the model, which can be queried on time despite the generic level of detail, leads us to meditate on the change taking place in the field of documentation for urban environmental design and maintenance

Storytelling y retromarketing: potenciando la comunicación de las marcas

Brands are becoming more aware of the importance of adding value to their products through storytelling. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the power of storytelling and retromarketing to enhance the effectiveness of brand communication strategies and increase customer loyalty. The study consisted of an analysis of the chemicals produced in the brain during the telling of different types of stories and their influence on consumer behaviours, and of brand archetypes, based on the work of Carl Jung in this area. The study also conducted a review of experiments that demonstrate the economic value of storytelling and retromarketing narratives. The results show that storytelling and retromarketing enhance brand uniqueness and create a deeper, more genuine relationship between companies and customers. This emotional connection may be achieved when storytelling is targeted at a specific audience as part of a larger marketing strategy.La técnica o arte del storytelling está cada vez más presente entre los profesionales de la comunicación y el marketing. Las marcas son hoy conscientes de la importancia de agregar valor a través de las historias diferenciadas, que pueden coadyuvar a la fidelización de sus clientes. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo crear conciencia sobre la relevancia dual del storytelling y el retromarketing, como herramientas poderosas a efectos de mejorar la efectividad de la estrategia de comunicación de marca. Para tal fin, se analizan las sustancias químicas generadas en el cerebro durante la narración de diferentes tipos de historias que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor. Asimismo, se analizan arquetipos de marca basados ​​en la perspectiva de Carl Jung y se revisan experimentos que podrían demostrar el valor económico del storytelling y las stories de retromarketing. Como resultado, el storytelling y el retromarketing elevan la singularidad de las marcas y pueden inducir relaciones más profundas y genuinas entre la compañía y el cliente. Esta etapa de conexión emocional se puede alcanzar cuando el storytelling se integra en la estrategia de marketing que se dirige a la audiencia adecuada

Digitized Diasporic Memory: Leveraging User-Generated and Open Tools for Collective Audio Storytelling

“Digitized Diasporic Memory” explores the relationship, intersections, connections, and divergencies of experiences between Black diasporic people. With an understanding of diaspora as networked, rhizomatic, and tentacled, the project seeks to create a space for connection, in an environment where connection is not easily accessed or sustained across these communities of people. The thesis draws heavily from the idea of personal networked thinking and expands into collective thinking, or what Anne-Laure Le Cunff describes as mind-to-mind networks, wherein several individuals connect their ideas. The following document details the conception of open-source and open-access technologies which illustrate how our individual pasts weave in and out of each other. The first is a proof of concept for a relational database of crowd-sourced audio memories, and the second is a web application that maps and visualizes the connections between the submitted stories. The document also details the thesis study in which the technologies are put to the test by people of African descent residing on Turtle Island. “Digitized Diasporic Memory” is part database, part conversational archive, part open-access library, part collective memory bank, part digitized memory, and part chain of memories which bring to the fore the possible connections between Black diasporic experiences and narratives. It addresses the need for intra-diasporic validation, belonging, understanding across differences, and knowledge-sharing